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格式化使用 tikz 的子图

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf floats formatting
格式化使用 tikz 的子图

我正在为朋友的辅导班写一份试卷。其中一道题是速度-时间图。我希望​​ 4 个图显示在 2x2 网格中，但使用下面的代码，它们显示在 4x1 结构中。我该如何更改此设置？

代码：

\question[1] A car, initially at rest, sets off a 2m/s and travels at this velocity for 2 seconds. It then decelerates a 1m/s$^2$ to 0m/s. It then accelerates at -0.5m/s$^2$ until it reaches a velocity of -1m/s. It stays at this velocity for 2 seconds before coming instantly to rest. Which of the following velocity-time graphs represents the motion of the car?

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.2\textwidth}
        \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.25]
        \draw [gray] (0,-3) grid (8,3);
        \draw [red] (0,2) -- (2,2) -- (4,0) -- (6,-1) -- (6,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,-3) -- (0,3);
        \draw (0,2) node [left] {velocity(m/s)};
        \draw (8,-1) node [right] {time(s)};
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{}
        \label{fig:a}
    \end{subfigure}

    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.2\textwidth}
        \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.25]
        \draw [gray] (0,-3) grid (8,3);
        \draw [red] (0,0) -- (2,0) -- (4,-2) -- (6,-3) -- (6,-3) -- (8,-3);
        \draw[->] (0,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,-3) -- (0,3);
        \draw (0,2) node [left] {velocity(m/s)};
        \draw (8,-1) node [right] {time(s)};
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{}
        \label{fig:b}
    \end{subfigure}

    \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.2\textwidth}
        \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.25]
        \draw [gray] (0,-3) grid (8,3);
        \draw [red] (0,2) -- (2,2) -- (4,0) -- (6,1) -- (6,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,-3) -- (0,3);
        \draw (0,2) node [left] {velocity(m/s)};
        \draw (8,-1) node [right] {time(s)};
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{}
        \label{fig:c}
    \end{subfigure}

    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.2\textwidth}
        \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.25]
        \draw [gray] (0,-3) grid (8,3);
        \draw [red] (0,-2) -- (2,-2) -- (4,0) -- (6,-1) -- (6,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,-3) -- (0,3);
        \draw (0,2) node [left] {velocity(m/s)};
        \draw (8,-1) node [right] {time(s)};
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{}
        \label{fig:d}
    \end{subfigure}
\end{figure}

答案1

假设您正在使用 documentclass exam，我已制作以下 MWE。我已删除第一和第二之间以及第三和最后一之间的空行subfigure。我还将子图的宽度增加到0.5\textwidth（确保%在后面添加\end{subfigure}添加）。此外，我已将命令添加\centering到所有subfigure环境中，并将第三个子图的垂直对齐方式从更改为t。b最后，我还引入了siunitx包，以便更统一地表示（并轻松定制）数值及其单位。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{exam}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage[per-mode=symbol]{siunitx}

\begin{document}
\begin{questions}
\question[1] A car, initially at rest, sets off a \SI{2}{\meter\per\second} and travels at this velocity for 2 seconds. It then decelerates a \SI{1}{\meter\per\second\squared} to \SI{0}{\meter\per\second}. It then accelerates at \SI{-0.5}{\meter\per\second\squared} until it reaches a velocity of \SI{-1}{\meter\per\second}. It stays at this velocity for 2 seconds before coming instantly to rest. Which of the following velocity-time graphs represents the motion of the car?

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\textwidth} \centering
        \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.25]
        \draw [gray] (0,-3) grid (8,3);
        \draw [red] (0,2) -- (2,2) -- (4,0) -- (6,-1) -- (6,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,-3) -- (0,3);
        \draw (0,2) node [left] {velocity(m/s)};
        \draw (8,-1) node [right] {time(s)};
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{}
        \label{fig:a}
    \end{subfigure}%
%
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\textwidth} \centering
        \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.25]
        \draw [gray] (0,-3) grid (8,3);
        \draw [red] (0,0) -- (2,0) -- (4,-2) -- (6,-3) -- (6,-3) -- (8,-3);
        \draw[->] (0,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,-3) -- (0,3);
        \draw (0,2) node [left] {velocity(m/s)};
        \draw (8,-1) node [right] {time(s)};
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{}
        \label{fig:b}
    \end{subfigure}

    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\textwidth} \centering
        \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.25]
        \draw [gray] (0,-3) grid (8,3);
        \draw [red] (0,2) -- (2,2) -- (4,0) -- (6,1) -- (6,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,-3) -- (0,3);
        \draw (0,2) node [left] {velocity(m/s)};
        \draw (8,-1) node [right] {time(s)};
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{}
        \label{fig:c}
    \end{subfigure}%
%
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\textwidth} \centering
        \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.25]
        \draw [gray] (0,-3) grid (8,3);
        \draw [red] (0,-2) -- (2,-2) -- (4,0) -- (6,-1) -- (6,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,0) -- (8,0);
        \draw[->] (0,-3) -- (0,3);
        \draw (0,2) node [left] {velocity(m/s)};
        \draw (8,-1) node [right] {time(s)};
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{}
        \label{fig:d}
    \end{subfigure}
\end{figure}

\end{questions}
\end{document}

答案2

作为对 @leandris 答案的补充，一些离题的更改可能对您有用。它们在第一个子图中标记为% <---...

在此处输入图片描述

（红线表示页面布局）

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{tikz}

%---------------- show page layout. don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%---------------------------------------------------------------%

    \begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{0.4\linewidth} % <---
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5] % <---
    \draw [gray] (0,-3) grid (8,3);
    \draw [red] (0,2) -- (2,2) -- (4,0) -- (6,-1) -- (6,0) -- (8,0);
    \draw[->] (0, 0) --  (8,0) node [right] {time (s)}; % <---
    \draw[->] (0,-3) -- node [above,sloped] {velocity (m/s)} (0,3); % <---
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{}
    \label{fig:a}
\end{subfigure}
\hfil % <---
\begin{subfigure}{0.4\linewidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
    \draw [gray] (0,-3) grid (8,3);
    \draw [red] (0,0) -- (2,0) -- (4,-2) -- (6,-3) -- (6,-3) -- (8,-3);
    \draw[->] (0, 0) --  (8,0) node [right] {time (s)};;
    \draw[->] (0,-3) -- node [above,sloped] {velocity (m/s)} (0,3);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{}
    \label{fig:b}
\end{subfigure}

\bigskip
\begin{subfigure}{0.4\linewidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
    \draw [gray] (0,-3) grid (8,3);
    \draw [red] (0,2) -- (2,2) -- (4,0) -- (6,1) -- (6,0) -- (8,0);
    \draw[->] (0, 0) --  (8,0) node [right] {time (s)};;
    \draw[->] (0,-3) -- node [above,sloped] {velocity (m/s)} (0,3);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{}
    \label{fig:c}
\end{subfigure}
\hfil
\begin{subfigure}{0.4\linewidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
    \draw [gray] (0,-3) grid (8,3);
    \draw [red] (0,-2) -- (2,-2) -- (4,0) -- (6,-1) -- (6,0) -- (8,0);
    \draw[->] (0,0) -- (8,0);
    \draw[->] (0,-3) -- (0,3);
    \draw[->] (0, 0) --  (8,0) node [right] {time (s)};;
    \draw[->] (0,-3) -- node [above,sloped] {velocity (m/s)} (0,3);
   \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{}
    \label{fig:d}
\end{subfigure}
\end{figure}
    \end{document}

注意：请始终提供 MWE（最小工作示例），一个小但完整的文档，我们可以按原样编译。

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