Tikz：绘制简化的 BLE-Stack

Question 1

此处所有元素均根据图表中的组件放置。通过注释，逻辑非常容易理解。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\tikzset{
  nopadding/.style={
    inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt
  },
  textBlock/.style={
    draw, text width=12em, text centered, minimum height=2em,
    nopadding, inner ysep=3pt
  },
  longTextBlock/.style={
    text width=24em, text centered, minimum height=2em,
    nopadding, inner ysep=3pt
  }
}
\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}[font=\small\sffamily]%
    \node[draw=none,minimum width=25em, nopadding] (start) at (0,0) {}; % Starting point
    % Host
    % Row 1, col 1
    \node[textBlock, below=of start.south west, anchor=west]
         (SMP){Security Manager Protocol\\(SMP)};
    % Row 1, col 2
    \node[textBlock, below=of start.south east, anchor=east]
         (GATT){Generic Attribute Profile\\(GATT)};
    % Row 2, col 1
    \node[textBlock, below of=SMP](GAP){Generic Access Profile\\(GAP)};
    % Row 2, col 2
    \node[textBlock, below of=GATT](ATT){Attribute Protocol\\(ATT)};
    % Row 3, col 1&2
    \node[fit=(SMP) (GATT), below=of GAP.west, anchor=west, draw, nopadding](L2CAP){};
    % Row 3, col 1&2 text
    \node[longTextBlock] 
         (L2CAPText)at(L2CAP.center){Logical Link Control and Adaption Protocol\\(L2CAP)};
    % Host dashed line and label
    \node[fit=(L2CAP) (SMP) (GAP) (GATT) (ATT), 
         draw, dashed, label={[black, xshift=-5pt]left:Host} ](hostFit){};
    % Application label
    \node[fit=(hostFit.west) (hostFit.east)(GAP), 
         above=of hostFit.north west, anchor=north west,
         draw, nopadding, label={[black, xshift=-5pt]left:Application}](appFit){};
    % Application text
    \node[longTextBlock] (appText) at (appFit.center){Application\\(APP)};
    % Controller dashed lines fit
    \node[fit=(hostFit.west) (hostFit.east)(GAP), 
         below=of hostFit.south west, anchor=south west,
         nopadding,draw=none](controllerDashed){};
    % Controller actual lines and text.
     \draw[dash pattern={on 7pt off 3pt}, line width=3pt]
         (controllerDashed.west) -- (controllerDashed.east)
         node[textBlock, midway,fill=white, draw=none]
         {Host Controller Interface\\(HCI)};
    % Controller
    % Row 1
    \node[fit=(L2CAP), below=of controllerDashed.south, anchor=south, 
         nopadding, draw, yshift=-5pt](controllerRow1){};
    % Row 1 text
    \node[longTextBlock] 
         (controlRow1Text) at (controllerRow1.center){LE Physical Layer\\(PHY)};
    % Row 2
    \node[fit=(controllerRow1), below of = controllerRow1, draw, 
         nopadding,draw](controllerRow2){};
    % Row 2 text
    \node[longTextBlock] 
    (controlRow2Text) at (controllerRow2.center){Link Layer\\(LL)};
    % Controller dashed lines and label
    \node[fit=(controllerRow1)(controllerRow2), draw, dashed, 
         label={[black, xshift=-5pt]left:Control}](controlFit){};
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer

此处所有元素均根据图表中的组件放置。通过注释，逻辑非常容易理解。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\tikzset{
  nopadding/.style={
    inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt
  },
  textBlock/.style={
    draw, text width=12em, text centered, minimum height=2em,
    nopadding, inner ysep=3pt
  },
  longTextBlock/.style={
    text width=24em, text centered, minimum height=2em,
    nopadding, inner ysep=3pt
  }
}
\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}[font=\small\sffamily]%
    \node[draw=none,minimum width=25em, nopadding] (start) at (0,0) {}; % Starting point
    % Host
    % Row 1, col 1
    \node[textBlock, below=of start.south west, anchor=west]
         (SMP){Security Manager Protocol\\(SMP)};
    % Row 1, col 2
    \node[textBlock, below=of start.south east, anchor=east]
         (GATT){Generic Attribute Profile\\(GATT)};
    % Row 2, col 1
    \node[textBlock, below of=SMP](GAP){Generic Access Profile\\(GAP)};
    % Row 2, col 2
    \node[textBlock, below of=GATT](ATT){Attribute Protocol\\(ATT)};
    % Row 3, col 1&2
    \node[fit=(SMP) (GATT), below=of GAP.west, anchor=west, draw, nopadding](L2CAP){};
    % Row 3, col 1&2 text
    \node[longTextBlock] 
         (L2CAPText)at(L2CAP.center){Logical Link Control and Adaption Protocol\\(L2CAP)};
    % Host dashed line and label
    \node[fit=(L2CAP) (SMP) (GAP) (GATT) (ATT), 
         draw, dashed, label={[black, xshift=-5pt]left:Host} ](hostFit){};
    % Application label
    \node[fit=(hostFit.west) (hostFit.east)(GAP), 
         above=of hostFit.north west, anchor=north west,
         draw, nopadding, label={[black, xshift=-5pt]left:Application}](appFit){};
    % Application text
    \node[longTextBlock] (appText) at (appFit.center){Application\\(APP)};
    % Controller dashed lines fit
    \node[fit=(hostFit.west) (hostFit.east)(GAP), 
         below=of hostFit.south west, anchor=south west,
         nopadding,draw=none](controllerDashed){};
    % Controller actual lines and text.
     \draw[dash pattern={on 7pt off 3pt}, line width=3pt]
         (controllerDashed.west) -- (controllerDashed.east)
         node[textBlock, midway,fill=white, draw=none]
         {Host Controller Interface\\(HCI)};
    % Controller
    % Row 1
    \node[fit=(L2CAP), below=of controllerDashed.south, anchor=south, 
         nopadding, draw, yshift=-5pt](controllerRow1){};
    % Row 1 text
    \node[longTextBlock] 
         (controlRow1Text) at (controllerRow1.center){LE Physical Layer\\(PHY)};
    % Row 2
    \node[fit=(controllerRow1), below of = controllerRow1, draw, 
         nopadding,draw](controllerRow2){};
    % Row 2 text
    \node[longTextBlock] 
    (controlRow2Text) at (controllerRow2.center){Link Layer\\(LL)};
    % Controller dashed lines and label
    \node[fit=(controllerRow1)(controllerRow2), draw, dashed, 
         label={[black, xshift=-5pt]left:Control}](controlFit){};
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Question 2

使用 TikZ 库fit和positioning，所有定位距离仅使用中定义的值node distance。这样可以编写清晰、简洁和一致的代码：

编辑： 如果您想更改节点标签与节点的距离（以一致的方式），您只需要添加label distance = <desired amount>到tikzpicture选项（现在添加到下面的 MWE）。

另外，如果你想改变节点和它周围的点节点之间的距离，例如在水平方向和垂直方向上有所不同，你只需要在节点的样式中添加inner xsep和。例如：inner ysepFIT

FIT/.style = {draw, semithick, dotted, fit=#1,
              inner xsep=4mm, inner ysep=2mm},  % here you can adjust inner distance of node},

我现在将上述所有内容添加到我的 MWE 中。

\documentclass[tikz, border=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{fit,
                positioning}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 2mm and 0mm,
   box/.style = {draw, text width=#1, inner sep=2mm, align=center},
   box/.default = 98mm,
   FIT/.style = {draw, semithick, dotted, fit=#1,
                 inner xsep=4mm, inner ysep=2mm},  % here you can adjust inner distance of node
                                                   % this adjust you need to consider at defining the width of the top nodes
label distance = 2mm,
      font = \sffamily
                        ]
\node (phy) [box]                   {LE Physical Layer\\(PHY)};
\node (lll) [box, above = of phy]   {Link Layer\\(LL)};
    \node (cntrl) [FIT=(phy) (lll), label=left:Control] {};
%
\node (hci) [box=12em,draw=none, 
             above=of cntrl]        {Host Controller Interface\\(HCI)};
\draw[line width=1.2mm, dash pattern=on 5mm off 3mm]  % solve your first question
    (lll.west |- hci) -- (hci)  
    (lll.east |- hci) -- (hci);
%
\node (cap) [box, above=of hci]     {Logical Link Control and Adaption Protocol\\(L2CAP)};
\node (gap) [box=44mm,
             above right=of cap.north west] {Generic Access Profile\\(GAP)};
\node (att) [box=44mm,
             above  left=of cap.north east] {Attribute Protocol\\(ATT)};
\node (smp) [box=44mm,
             above=of gap]          {Security Manager Protocol\\(SMP)};
\node (gap) [box=44mm,
             above=of att]          {Generic Attribute Profile\\(GATT)};
    \node (host) [FIT=(cap) (smp), label=left: Host] {};
%
\node (app) [box=106mm, above= of host,
             label=left:Application]        {Application\\(APP)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果是：

Answer

使用 TikZ 库fit和positioning，所有定位距离仅使用中定义的值node distance。这样可以编写清晰、简洁和一致的代码：