我的论文中垂直间距有问题。我不确定这种样式是否与报告类有关或属于“标准”内容。我写了很多东西，大部分都是在文章类中，不记得曾经处理过这个问题。这是样式代码。
% make it a modern package - BPG
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{USCthesis}[2003/07/16 v3.2]
%%
%% Declare the dissertation style
%%
\typeout{Dissertation/thesis package USCthesis Version 3.2 as
of 16 July 2003}
%%
%% the following option-parsing code is changed to conform to the LaTeX2e
%% package interface - BPG
%%
%% Define style option flags
%%
\newif\ifthesis
\DeclareOption{dissertation}{
\thesisfalse % Default
}
\DeclareOption{thesis} {
\thesistrue
}
\newif\ifproposal
\DeclareOption{final} {
\proposalfalse % Default
}
\DeclareOption{proposal} {
\proposaltrue
}
\newif\ifcopyright
\DeclareOption{copyright} {
\copyrighttrue
}
\DeclareOption{nocopyright} {
\copyrightfalse
}
\DeclareOption{fussy} {
\fussy % Default
}
\DeclareOption{sloppy} {
\sloppy
}
\newif\ifflushbottom
\DeclareOption{flushbottom} {
\flushbottomtrue % Default
}
\DeclareOption{raggedbottom} {
\flushbottomfalse
}
\newif\ifopenbib
\DeclareOption{opref} {
\openbibtrue
}
\DeclareOption{clref} {
\def\ds@clref{\openbibfalse} % Default
}
\newif\if@techreport
\DeclareOption{techreport} {
\@techreporttrue % the option is present, but
\xdef\@optionfiles{% still add to the \@optionfiles
\@optionfiles % list.
\@elt techreport.sty\relax
}}
% set the defaults
\ExecuteOptions{dissertation,final,copyright,fussy,clref,flushbottom}
\ProcessOptions
%%
%% Define the Layout adjustment commands. Initialization of values is
%% made after loading the report style.
%%
\def\pagetop#1{%
\global \topmargin #1 % Nominal distance from page top to
\global\advance \topmargin -1.0 true in} % top of boxwith running head.
\def\pageleft{%
\@ifnextchar [%
{\@pageleft}%
{\@pageleft[0pt]}}
\def\@pageleft[#1]#2{%
\if@twoside
%% Values for two-sided printing: (1/2 inch gutter margin)
\global \oddsidemargin #2 % Left margin on odd-numbered pages.
\global\advance \oddsidemargin -1.0 true in
\global \evensidemargin #2 % Left margin on even-numbered pages.
\global\advance \evensidemargin -1.5 true in
\global\advance \evensidemargin #1 % Adjustment for fine-tuning gutter
% margin
\flushbottom
\ifproposal\else\if@techreport\else
\typeout{Warning: Thesis/Dissertation should be
printed on one side only.}
\fi\fi
\else
%% Values for one-sided printing:
\global \oddsidemargin #2
\global\advance \oddsidemargin -1.0 true in
\global \evensidemargin \oddsidemargin
\raggedbottom
\fi}
%
% \footheight disappears in LaTeX2e (it was never used in 2.09 anyway). as
% such, \pageheight now takes just one arg and doesn't manipulate \footheight
% - BPG
%\def\@pageheight[#1]#2{%
%\global \footheight #1%
%\global \textheight #2%
%\global\advance \textheight -\footheight}
\def\pageheight#1{\global \textheight #1}
\def\pagewidth#1{\global \textwidth #1}
\def\pagemargin#1{\global \footskip #1\baselineskip}
%%
%% Let the user declare the document to be of \documentclass{report},
%% then \usepackage{USCthesis} -BPG
%%
%%\usepackage{doublespace}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{tabularx}
%%
%% Modify Penalties
%%
\brokenpenalty 10000 % Disallow page breaks at hyphens (this
% will give some underfull vbox's, so an
% alternative is to use \brokenpenalty=100
% and manually search for and fix such page
% breaks)
\clubpenalty 10000 % Disallow club (orphan) lines
\displaywidowpenalty 10000 % Disallow widow lines before display
\widowpenalty 10000 % Disallow widow lines
%%
%% Disallow x- or -xx breaks. But if used in an old TeX, we will just
%% have to do without and hope for the best.
%%
\ifx\undefined\inputlineno\else
\lefthyphenmin=2
\righthyphenmin=3
\fi
%%
%% Set the Page Style Parameters
%%
\@addtoreset{equation}{chapter} % Have the equation reset in each chapter
\headheight 0.0 true pt % Height of box containing running head
\headsep 0.0 true pt % Size of strut between head and text
\topskip 10.0 true pt % Baselineskip for the first line of page
\itemsep 0.0 true pt % Extra vertical space, in addition to
% \parskip, added between list items
\pagetop{1.1 true in} % 1 inch plus allowance
\pageleft{1.6 true in} % 1.5 inches plus allowance
\pageheight{8.5 true in} % 9 inches minus allowance
\pagewidth{5.85 true in} % 6 inches minus allowance
\pagemargin{2.0} % Number of (unstretched) lines
% between text and page number
\setstretch{2.0} % get "real" double spacing?
\ifflushbottom
\flushbottom
\fi
%%
%% Redefine some font sizes so that things don't get too big.
%%
\let\LARGE=\Large
\let\huge=\Large
\let\Huge=\Large
%%
%% Redefine plain style page to move the page number to the lower
%% right corner.
%%
\if@twoside
\def\ps@plain{%
\def\@oddhead{}%
\def\@oddfoot{\hfil\rm\thepage}%
\def\@evenhead{}
\def\@evenfoot{\rm\thepage\hfil}}%
\else
\def\ps@plain{%
\def\@oddhead{}%
\def\@oddfoot{\hfil\rm\thepage}%
\def\@evenhead{}
\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}%
\fi
%%
%% Define Title Page Macros
%%
%% \title and \author is defined in latex.tex, but we will need to
%% redefine \title to allow the optional argument. Also, the \thanks
%% command is disabled and such footnotes will be thrown away or will
%% appear in the wrong place.
%%
\def\title{%
\@ifnextchar [%
{\@title}%
{\@title[\@empty]}}
\def\@title[#1]#2{%
\gdef\@volume{#1}%
\gdef\@title{#2}}
%%
%% The \addvolumecontents will add the contents of other volumes to
%% the current volume. This command should be placed after the
%% \begin{document} for earlier volumes and before the \end{document}
%% for later ones.
%%
\def\thesisinput#1{%
\if@filesw
\begingroup
\let\thesisinput=\@gobble % Inhibit recursive \thesisinput's
\@input{#1}%
\endgroup
\fi}
\def\addvolumecontents{%
\@ifnextchar [%
{\@addvolumecontents}%
{\@addvolumecontents[toc]}}
\long\def\@addvolumecontents[#1]#2{%
\if@filesw
\begingroup
\let\label\@gobble
\let\index\@gobble
\let\glossary\@gobble
\def\protect##1{\string\string\string##1\string\space \space}%
\edef\@tempa{%
\immediate\write\@auxout{%
\string\@writefile{#1}{\protect \thesisinput{#2.#1}}}}%
\@tempa
\if@nobreak
\ifvmode
\nobreak
\fi
\fi
\endgroup
\fi
\relax}
%%
%% The \startingpagenumber command will change the default starting
%% page number for the first (title) page of the current volume and
%% for the first page after the preface section.
%%
\def\@startpageA{1}
\def\@startpageB{1}
\def\startingpagenumber#1#2{%
\gdef\@startpageA{#1}%
\gdef\@startpageB{#2}}
%%
%% The following flag is used to suppress the major field name on the
%% title page when the default school is changed (only the GRADUATE
%% SCHOOL currently uses a major field). Setting \majorfield after
%% \schoolname will reset the flag and allow the printing of another
%% school with a major field in addition.
%%
\newif\ifshowmajorfield
\showmajorfieldtrue
\def\universityname#1{%
\gdef\@university{\uppercase{#1}}}
\def\@university{UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA}
\def\schoolname#1{%
\gdef\@schoolname{#1}%
\showmajorfieldfalse}
\def\@schoolname{GRADUATE SCHOOL}
\def\degree#1{%
\ifthesis
\gdef\@mastersdegree{#1}%
\else
\gdef\@doctorsdegree{#1}}
\def\@mastersdegree{MASTER OF SCIENCE}
\def\@doctorsdegree{DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY}
\def\majorfield#1{%
\gdef\@majorfield{#1}%
\showmajorfieldtrue}
\def\@majorfield{Electrical Engineering}
\def\committee#1{\gdef\@committee{#1}}
\def\@committee{}
\def\submitdate#1{\gdef\@submitdate{#1}}
\def\@submitdate{%
\ifcase \the\month
\or January%
\or February%
\or March%
\or April%
\or May%
\or June%
\or July%
\or August%
\or September%
\or October%
\or November%
\or December%
\fi
\space
\number \the\year}
\def\copyrightyear#1{\gdef\@copyrightyear{#1}}
%% December dissertations should have the next year as the copyright year
\ifnum \month=12
\@tempcnta=\year
\advance\@tempcnta by 1
\edef\@copyrightyear{\number \the\@tempcnta}
\else
\def\@copyrightyear{\number \the\year}
\fi
%%
%% Create the PREFACE environment. The titlepage is generated when
%% the environment is first entered and the numbering is roman within
%% the preface. The \endpreface switches to arabic numbering.
%%
\newenvironment{preface}{%
\newpage
\pagenumbering{roman}%
\pagestyle{empty}%
\begin{singlespace}%
\ifproposal
\makeproptitle
\setcounter{page}{1}%
\addtocounter{page}{\@startpageA}% Advance page counter for title page.
\else
\maketitle
\setcounter{page}{1}%
\addtocounter{page}{\@startpageA}% Advance page counter for (signature
\fi % and) title. At USC, the signature
\newpage % page is not counted!
\ifx\@volume\@empty\else % Add Volume ID to contents if present.
\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\contentsline{part}{\@volume}{}}%
\fi
\end{singlespace}%
\pagestyle{plain}}{%
\newpage
\pagenumbering{arabic}%
\pagestyle{plain}%
\setcounter{page}{\@startpageB}}
%%
%% Define the PROPOSAL title page
%%
\def\makeproptitle{%
\begin{titlepage}%
\null
\vskip 60.0 true pt% To adjust centering.
\begin{center}
{\Large \@title \par}% Set title in \Large size.
\ifx\@volume\@empty\else
\vskip 3em% Vertical space before volume.
\@volume
\fi
\vskip 3em% Vertical space after title.
\ifthesis
{Masters Thesis Proposal}%
\else
{Ph.D. Dissertation Proposal}%
\fi\\*%
{submitted by}%
\vskip 3em % Vertical space before author.
{\lineskip .75em
\@author
\par}%
\vskip 1.5cm % Vertical space before date.
{\small
\@submitdate
\par}%
\vskip 1.5in
{{\bf Qualifying Exam Committee}\\*[1.0 true cm]%
\begin{tabular}[t]{ll}\@committee
\end{tabular}\par}%
\end{center}%
\par
\vfil
\end{titlepage}}
%%
%% Make the Dissertation titlepage
%%
\def\maketitle{%
\large % title page should be 11pt or 12pt. this should do.
\begin{titlepage}%
\setcounter{page}{0}%
\null
\vfill%\vfill
\begin{center}%
{\@title \par}% Set title the same size as "FACULTY OF ..."
\ifx\@volume\@empty\else
\vskip 0.16 true in
\@volume
\fi
\vskip 0.5 true in
by%
\vskip 0.5 true in
{\begin{tabular}[t]{c}\@author\\*[.66 true in]%
\rule{5.0 true in}{0.025 true in}
\end{tabular}%
\par}
\vskip 1.0 true in
\ifthesis
A Thesis Presented to the%
\else
A Dissertation Presented to the%
\fi\\%*[0.1 true in]%
FACULTY OF THE \@schoolname\\%*[0.1 true in]%
\@university\\%*[0.1 true in]%
In Partial Fulfillment of the\\%*[0.1 true in]%
Requirements for the Degree\\%*[0.1 true in]%
\ifthesis
\@mastersdegree
\else
\@doctorsdegree
\fi\\%*[0.1 true in]%
\ifshowmajorfield
(\@majorfield)%
\fi\\%*[1.0 true cm]%
%\vfill
\vskip 0.75 true in
\@submitdate% should be just month and year
\end{center}%
\par
\vfill
\ifcopyright
\noindent Copyright~ \@copyrightyear \hfill \@author
\fi
\end{titlepage}}
%%
%% Start a Preface Page
%%
\newdimen\prefacetopspace
\prefacetopspace=1.0 true in
\def\prefacesection{%
\@ifnextchar [%
{\@prefacesectionB}%
{\@prefacesectionA}}
\def\@prefacesectionA#1{%
\@prefacesectionB[#1]{#1}}
\def\@prefacesectionB[#1]#2{%
\newpage
\pagestyle{plain}%
\null
\vskip\prefacetopspace
%\begin{center}%
\section*{#2}%
%\end{center}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}}
%%
%% Make the Table of Contents and Figures/Tables pages
%%
\def\tableofcontents{%
\begin{singlespace}
\@ifnextchar [%
{\@starspeciallist{toc}}%
{\@starspeciallist{toc}[Table of Contents]}
\end{singlespace}}
\def\listoftables{%
\@ifstar
{\@ifnextchar [%
{\@starspeciallist{lot}}%
{\@starspeciallist{lot}[List Of Tables]}}%
{\@ifnextchar [%
{\@speciallist{lot}}%
{\@speciallist{lot}[List Of Tables]}}}
\def\listoffigures{%
\@ifstar
{\@ifnextchar [%
{\@starspeciallist{lof}}%
{\@starspeciallist{lof}[List Of Figures]}}%
{\@ifnextchar [%
{\@speciallist{lof}}%
{\@speciallist{lof}[List Of Figures]}}}
% redefine commands used to generate entries in lof and lot, in order to make
% them singlespace within each entry (leaving doublespace between entries)
\renewcommand*\l@figure[2]{
\begin{singlespace}
\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}{#1}{#2}
\end{singlespace}
}
\let\l@table\l@figure
\def\@starspeciallist#1[#2]{%
\newpage
\@restonecolfalse
\if@twocolumn
\@restonecoltrue
\onecolumn
\fi
\chapter*{#2}%
\@starttoc{#1}%
\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
\def\@speciallist#1[#2]{%
\newpage
\@restonecolfalse
\if@twocolumn
\@restonecoltrue
\onecolumn
\fi
\chapter*{#2}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#2}
\@starttoc{#1}%
\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
%%
%% Redefine the report.sty chapter definitions to suppress hyphenation
%% in the titles.
%%
\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
\vspace*{50pt}%
{\parindent 0pt
\raggedright
\hyphenpenalty 10000%
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth > \m@ne
\Large\bf \@chapapp{} \thechapter\par
\vskip 20pt
\fi
\Large\bf #1\par
\nobreak
\vskip 40pt}
\hyphenpenalty 50}
\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
\vspace*{50pt}%
{\parindent 0pt
\raggedright
\hyphenpenalty 10000%
\Large\bf #1\par
\nobreak
\vskip 40pt}
\hyphenpenalty 50}
%%
%% Redefine the report.sty section definitions. The \@startsection
%% command takes the arguments:
%%
%% {Name}{Level}{Indent}{BeforeSkip}{AfterSkip}{Style}
%%
%% ABS(BeforeSkip) == amount to skip; if (BeforeSkip < 0), suppress
%% the par indent of the text following the heading.
%%
%% ABS(AfterSkip) == amount to skip; if (AfterSkip < 0), make the
%% following text "run-in" after the heading.
%%
%% Also new section takes a `*' which suppress the section counting,
%% and if the `*' is not present an optional [Altheading]{heading}
%% pair.
%%
% also, redefine the \chapter command in order to remove the inter-chapter
% spacing that is normally added to the LOF and LOT
\renewcommand\chapter{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
\thispagestyle{plain}%
\global\@topnum\z@
\@afterindentfalse
\secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\refstepcounter{chapter}%
\typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}%
{Chapter \protect\numberline{\thechapter:}#1}%
\else
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Chapter: #1}%
\fi
\chaptermark{#1}%
%\addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
%\addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
\if@twocolumn
\@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]%
\else
\@makechapterhead{#2}%
\@afterheading
\fi}
\def\section{\@startsection{section}% Name
{1}% Level
{\z@}% Indent
{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}% BeforeSkip
{2.3ex plus .2ex}% AfterSkip
{\Large\bf\hyphenpenalty 10000}}% Style
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}% Name
{2}% Level
{\z@}% Indent
{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}% BeforeSkip
{1.5ex plus .2ex}% AfterSkip
{\large\bf\hyphenpenalty 10000}}% Style
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}% Name
{3}% Level
{\z@}% Indent
{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}% BeforeSkip
{1.5ex plus .2ex}% AfterSkip
{\normalsize\bf\hyphenpenalty 10000}}% Style
\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}% Name
{4}% Level
{\z@}% Indent
{3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}% BeforeSkip
{-1em}% AfterSkip
{\normalsize\bf\hyphenpenalty 10000}}% Style
\def\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}% Name
{4}% Level
{\parindent}% Indent
{3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}% BeforeSkip
{-1em}% AfterSkip
{\normalsize\bf\hyphenpenalty 10000}}% Style
%%
%% The value of the counter secnumdepth gives the depth of the
%% highest-level sectioning command that is to produce section
%% numbers.
%%
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
%%
%% Redefine the report.sty `Bibliography' as a `Reference List' chapter.
%%
\def\bibliographystyle#1{% But first, turn off standard bib commands.
\@latexerr{\string\bibliographystyle\space is undefined.
Use \string\references{#1}{bibfile list}}\@eha}
\def\bibliography#1{%
\@latexerr{\string\bibliography\space is undefined.
Use \string\references{bibstyle}{#1}}\@eha}
\def\references{%
\@ifstar
{\@referencesA}%
{\@referencesB}}
\def\@referencesA{%
\@ifnextchar [%
{\@referencesAA}%
{\@referencesAA[Reference List]}}%
\def\@referencesAA[#1]#2#3{
\gdef\@referencesname{#1}
\if@filesw
\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibstyle{#2}}%
\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibdata{#3}}%
\fi
\@input{\jobname.bbl}}
\def\@referencesB{
\@ifnextchar [
{\@referencesBB}
{\@referencesBB[Reference List]}}
\def\@referencesBB[#1]#2#3{
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}
\gdef\@referencesname{#1}
\if@filesw
\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibstyle{#2}}%
\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibdata{#3}}%
\fi
\@input{\jobname.bbl}}
\def\@referencesname{Reference List}
\def\thebibliography#1{
\chapter*{\@referencesname\@mkboth{\@referencesname}{\@referencesname}}
\list{[\arabic{enumi}]}{
\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}
\leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
\ifopenbib
\listparindent -1.5em
\advance\leftmargin-\listparindent
\itemindent\listparindent
\parsep 0pt%
\fi
\usecounter{enumi}}%
\ifopenbib
\def\newblock{\par}
\let\\=\@centercr
\@rightskip\@flushglue \rightskip\@rightskip
\leftskip\z@
\else
\def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em}%
\fi
\sloppy
\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
%%
%% APPENDIX
%%
%% The \appendix command must do the following:
%% -- reset the chapter counter to zero
%% -- set \@chapapp to Appendix (for messages)
%% -- redefine the chapter counter to produce appendix numbers
%% -- reset the section counter to zero
%% -- redefine the \chapter command if appendix titles and headings
%% are to look different from chapter titles and headings.
%%
%% For USC, the Appendix appears VERY oddly in the table of contents.
%%
\def\appendix{
\par
\setcounter{chapter}{0}
\setcounter{section}{0}
\def\@chapapp{Appendix}
\def\thechapter{\Alph{chapter}}
\def\@chapter[##1]##2{
\refstepcounter{chapter}
\typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}
\addtocontents{toc}{
\protect\contentsline{chapter}{Appendix \thechapter}{\relax}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}
\chaptermark{##1}
%\addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10pt}}% Adds between-chapter space
%\addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10pt}}% to lists of figs & tables.
\if@twocolumn
\@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{##2}]
\else \@makechapterhead{##2}
\@afterheading % Routine called after chap
\fi}} % and section heading.
%%
%% Define the `saying' environment
%% Used to set a cutesy little quotation at the start of the chapter
%%
\def\saying{%
\trivlist
\raggedleft
\item[]\em}
\def\endsaying{%
\endtrivlist
\vspace{20pt}}
%%
%% Define the starting pagestyle
%%
\pagestyle{plain}
当我编译以下示例时，
\documentclass[12pt]{report}
% [options] can be any of these default/alternative flag:
% dissertation/thesis, final/proposal, copyright/nocopyright,
% fussy/sloppy, flushbottom/raggedbottom, clref/opref.
\usepackage[dissertation]{USCthesis}
\usepackage[left=1in,right=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amsfonts,titlesec,xcolor,enumerate}
\begin{document}
\begin{section}{1.4 Notion of a Solution}
This is just a test to see if it's doing what I think it's doing.
\begin{align}
2 + 2 =& 4\\
1 +87 =& 88
\end{align}
I'm now going to add a little more text. Maybe another new equation line. Something simple like the above
\begin{equation}
99 + 101 = 200.
\end{equation}
\end{section}
\end{document}
它输出像这样。但是当我编译这个例子时：
\documentclass[12pt]{report}
% [options] can be any of these default/alternative flag:
% dissertation/thesis, final/proposal, copyright/nocopyright,
% fussy/sloppy, flushbottom/raggedbottom, clref/opref.
\usepackage[dissertation]{USCthesis}
\usepackage[left=1in,right=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amsfonts,titlesec,xcolor,enumerate}
\begin{document}
\begin{section}{1.4 Notion of a Solution}
This is just a test to see if it's doing what I think it's doing.
\begin{align}
2 + 2 =& 4\\
1 +87 =& 88
\end{align}
I'm now going to add a little more text. Maybe another new equation line. Something simple like the above
\begin{equation}
99 + 101 = 200.
\end{equation}
There's still about half of a page left. But now I want a "long" stream of aligned equations that will likely bleed onto the next page, but then it's going to add a bunch of white space up top
\begin{align}
1 =&1\\
2=&2\\
3=&3\\
4=&4\\
5=&5
\end{align}
\end{section}
\end{document}
它输出像这样。如果您能帮我去掉那巨大的垂直空间，我将不胜感激。至少，我希望将文本保留在第一页的长方程式流上方，而不是将它们全部放在一起。
