如何通过向文件名传递参数来快速切换.tex 文件？

Question 1

似乎您需要一种在没有“手动”提供\prjindex定义的情况下进行自动检测的“机制” 。\prjindex

初步说明：

通常原始的扩展\jobname形成了用于启动编译的文件的名称（不带扩展名）。

例如，如果你编译一个项目，其主文件是testfile.tex通过命令行执行的
latex testfile.tex
，则原语\jobname将扩展为短语testfile。
由传递的短语中的字符标记\jobname将始终属于类别代码 12（其他），而空格将始终属于类别代码 10（空格）。

testfile扩展的短语\jobname将用于

创建 .log 文件： .log 文件将被命名为testfile.log。
创建主 .aux 文件：该文件将被命名为testfile.aux。
创建保存目录数据的.toc 文件：该文件将被命名为testfile.toc。
创建保存图表列表数据的 .lof 文件：该文件将被命名为testfile.lof。
创建保存表格列表数据的 .lot 文件：该文件将被命名为testfile.lot。
ETC。

但现在大多数 TeX 发行版都可以使用 (La)TeX偏离通常的处理方式：

如今，在大多数 TeX 发行版中，您可以在命令行提供一个命令行选项（-option ‑‑jobname），它可以让您更改要传递的短语\jobname。

testfile.tex例如，如果您通过命令行编译其主文件的项目
latex --jobname=foobar testfile.tex
，则原语\jobname将扩展为短语foobar。

foobar在这种情况下，来自扩展的短语\jobname将用于

创建 .log 文件： .log 文件将被命名为foobar.log。
创建主 .aux 文件：该文件将被命名为foobar.aux。
创建保存目录数据的.toc 文件：该文件将被命名为foobar.toc。
创建保存图表列表数据的 .lof 文件：该文件将被命名为foobar.lof。
创建保存表格列表数据的 .lot 文件：该文件将被命名为foobar.lot。
ETC。

以下是我的建议，要求 LaTeX 处理以下事情在里面通常方式即需要编译的东西没有提供一些‑‑jobname-选项。

因此，我下面的建议不适合使用此类（在线）LaTeX 平台/TeX 编辑器/用户界面的人，在这些界面下，一切都被配置为使用 -option ‑‑jobname。

以防万一

在编译过程中，所有文件的名称\prjindex都是“自动检测”的（因为不会“手动”定义），它们都是有模式的—既表示项目，又不为空，也不包含下划线（）—Projekt_⟨#1⟩_⟨#2⟩.tex⟨#1⟩_

，和

\prjindex调用 latex 进行“独立编译”文件，在编译过程中始终会进行“自动检测”的定义没有调用‑‑jobname-option（这意味着 -primitive 的扩展\jobname形成了用于启动编译的文件的名称（不带扩展名））

，我可以提供一个宏\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined，其作用如下：

如果宏\prjindex已经定义，它什么也不做。

如果\prjindex未定义该宏，它将检查\jobname-primitive 的扩展是否符合模式。如果不是该模式，则会触发错误消息。如果符合该模式，它将检查是否为空。如果是，则会触发错误消息。如果不是，则将定义宏以扩展为。Projekt_⟨#1⟩_⟨#2⟩⟨#1⟩\prjindex⟨#1⟩

我无法决定该例程是否对您有用，因为您没有详细透露项目文件结构的那部分是如何组织的，这使得可以编译单个文件，既可以“独立”编译，也可以通过或从主 tex 文件调用。Projekt_⟨#1⟩_⟨#2⟩.tex\input\include

如果所有项目文件以某种方式共享相同的前导码，您可能可以通过该前导码使该例程可供所有项目文件使用。

也许你可以把这个例程（以及对它的调用）包含到你的这个例程中，如果已经定义，preamble.tex.那么这个例程什么也不做。因此\prjindex

你master.tex可以定义\prjindex 前输入中preamble.tex。
独立编译其中一个文件的场景会导致输入尚未定义的内容，而这又会导致例程“自动检测”并通过检查扩展的结果为您定义。Projekt_⟨#1⟩_⟨#2⟩.tex\preamble.tex\prjindex\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\prjindex\jobname

\documentclass{article}

%%========Code for \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined=========
\begingroup
\makeatletter
\def\prjprephrase{Projekt_}%
\def\prjpostphrase{_}%
% \jobname delivers everything but the space (which will be of catcode 10) 
% with catcode 12(other). Therefore "sanitizing" is needed for turning
% everything but the space into catcode 12(other):
\@onelevel@sanitize\prjprephrase
\@onelevel@sanitize\prjpostphrase
\newcommand\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined[2]{%
  \endgroup
  \newcommand\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined{%
    \@ifundefined{prjindex}{%
      \expandafter\GetPrjindexCheckPattern\jobname$#1#2$&%
    }{}%
  }%
  \@ifdefinable\GetPrjindexCheckPattern{%
    \def\GetPrjindexCheckPattern##1#1##2#2##3$##4&{%
      \GetPrjindexPatternfork
      &##4&{\expandafter\GetPrjindexExtractfrompattern\jobname$}%
      &#1#2$&{%
        \GenericError{(\string\prjindex)\space}{%
          Error on input line \the \inputlineno:\MessageBreak
          \string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space cannot extract the\MessageBreak
          \string\prjindex\space from \string\jobname's expansion.\MessageBreak
          (\string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space is defined\MessageBreak
           \space somewhere in this document.)\@gobble
        }{Have a look at the comments in this document.}%
        {%
          \string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space can extract the \string\prjindex\MessageBreak
          from \string\jobname's expansion only in case \string\jobname's expansion is\MessageBreak
          of pattern\MessageBreak
          \@spaces #1\string####1#2\string####2\MessageBreak
          while \string####1 is not empty.\MessageBreak
          If this is the case, the expansion of \string\prjindex\space will be \string####1.\MessageBreak
          \string####1 will not contain underscores (\string_).\MessageBreak
          \string####2 can contain underscores.\MessageBreak
        }%
      }%
      &&&&%
    }%
  }%
  \@ifdefinable\GetPrjindexPatternfork{%
    \def\GetPrjindexPatternfork##1&#1#2$&##2##3&&&&{##2}%
  }%
  \@ifdefinable\GetPrjindexExtractfrompattern{%
    \def\GetPrjindexExtractfrompattern#1##1#2##2${%
      \ifx\relax##1\relax
        \expandafter\@firstoftwo
      \else
        \expandafter\@secondoftwo
      \fi
      {%
        \GenericError{(\string\prjindex)\space}{%
          Error on input line \the \inputlineno:\MessageBreak
          \string\prjindex\space is empty.\MessageBreak
          (\string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space is defined\MessageBreak
           \space somewhere in this document.)\@gobble
        }{Have a look at the comments in this document.}%
        {%
          \string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space can extract the \string\prjindex\MessageBreak
          from \string\jobname's expansion only in case \string\jobname's expansion is\MessageBreak
          of pattern\MessageBreak
          \@spaces #1\string####1#2\string####2\MessageBreak
          while \string####1 is not empty.\MessageBreak
          If this is the case, the expansion of \string\prjindex\space will be \string####1.\MessageBreak
          \string####1 will not contain underscores (\string_).\MessageBreak
          \string####2 can contain underscores.\MessageBreak
        }%
      }%
      {\newcommand*\prjindex{##1}}%
    }%
  }%
}%
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{\expandafter\prjprephrase\expandafter}%
\expandafter{\prjpostphrase}%
%%=====End of code for \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined=====

\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined

\show\prjindex

\begin{document}
Some document
\end{document}

顺便说一句：为了测试例程，我将上面的示例保存为test.tex并对其进行了编译，‑‑jobname并使用不同的值调用了-option。

通过命令进行编译latex test.tex得到预期结果：

! Error on input line 80:
(\prjindex) \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined cannot extract the
(\prjindex) \prjindex from \jobname's expansion.
(\prjindex) (\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined is defined
(\prjindex)  somewhere in this document.)

Have a look at the comments in this document.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help.
 ...                                              

l.80 \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined

? 
> \prjindex=undefined.
l.82 \show\prjindex

这是意料之中的，因为在这种情况下，\jobname扩展为test不符合模式。
Projekt_⟨#1⟩_⟨#2⟩

通过命令进行编译latex ‑‑jobname=Projekt_A_4 test.tex得到预期结果：

\prjindex=macro:
->A.
l.82 \show\prjindex

（当将示例保存为Projekt_A_4.tex并通过命令编译时，您将获得相同的结果latex Projekt_A_4.tex。）

通过命令进行编译latex ‑‑jobname=Projekt_B_4 test.tex得到预期结果：

\prjindex=macro:
->B.
l.82 \show\prjindex

（当将示例保存为Projekt_B_4.tex并通过命令编译时，您将获得相同的结果latex Projekt_B_4.tex。）

通过命令进行编译latex ‑‑jobname=Projekt_JohannGambolputty_12345 test.tex得到预期结果：

\prjindex=macro:
->JohannGambolputty.
l.82 \show\prjindex

（当将示例保存为Projekt_JohannGambolputty_12345.tex并通过命令编译时，您将获得相同的结果latex Projekt_JohannGambolputty_12345.tex。）

顺便一提：

有时我会按如下方式组织我的项目文件：

序言.tex

% Check whether the \documentclass-command was already invoked.
% If so, increment \inputlevel and stop inputting.
% If not so, don't stop imputting and thus do all the
% preamble-stuff, inclusive defining \inputlevel:
\expandafter\ifx\csname @twoclasseserror\endcsname\documentclass
  \xdef\inputlevel{\number\numexpr\inputlevel+1\relax}%
  \expandafter\endinput
\fi
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
\documentclass{article}%
% 
\newcommand*\inputlevel{1}%
\global\let\inputlevel=\inputlevel
%
% Whatsoever preamble-commands, etc.
%
% Here you can also place the code for defining \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined
% and then invoke it for defining \prjindex:
%
%%========Code for \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined=========
\begingroup
\makeatletter
\def\prjprephrase{Projekt_}%
\def\prjpostphrase{_}%
% \jobname delivers everything but the space (which will be of catcode 10) 
% with catcode 12(other). Therefore "sanitizing" is needed for turning
% everything but the space into catcode 12(other):
\@onelevel@sanitize\prjprephrase
\@onelevel@sanitize\prjpostphrase
\newcommand\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined[2]{%
  \endgroup
  \newcommand\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined{%
    \@ifundefined{prjindex}{%
      \expandafter\GetPrjindexCheckPattern\jobname$#1#2$&%
    }{}%
  }%
  \@ifdefinable\GetPrjindexCheckPattern{%
    \def\GetPrjindexCheckPattern##1#1##2#2##3$##4&{%
      \GetPrjindexPatternfork
      &##4&{\expandafter\GetPrjindexExtractfrompattern\jobname$}%
      &#1#2$&{%
        \GenericError{(\string\prjindex)\space}{%
          Error on input line \the \inputlineno:\MessageBreak
          \string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space cannot extract the\MessageBreak
          \string\prjindex\space from \string\jobname's expansion.\MessageBreak
          (\string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space is defined\MessageBreak
           \space somewhere in this document.)\@gobble
        }{Have a look at the comments in this document.}%
        {%
          \string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space can extract the \string\prjindex\MessageBreak
          from \string\jobname's expansion only in case \string\jobname's expansion is\MessageBreak
          of pattern\MessageBreak
          \@spaces #1\string####1#2\string####2\MessageBreak
          while \string####1 is not empty.\MessageBreak
          If this is the case, the expansion of \string\prjindex\space will be \string####1.\MessageBreak
          \string####1 will not contain underscores (\string_).\MessageBreak
          \string####2 can contain underscores.\MessageBreak
        }%
      }%
      &&&&%
    }%
  }%
  \@ifdefinable\GetPrjindexPatternfork{%
    \def\GetPrjindexPatternfork##1&#1#2$&##2##3&&&&{##2}%
  }%
  \@ifdefinable\GetPrjindexExtractfrompattern{%
    \def\GetPrjindexExtractfrompattern#1##1#2##2${%
      \ifx\relax##1\relax
        \expandafter\@firstoftwo
      \else
        \expandafter\@secondoftwo
      \fi
      {%
        \GenericError{(\string\prjindex)\space}{%
          Error on input line \the \inputlineno:\MessageBreak
          \string\prjindex\space is empty.\MessageBreak
          (\string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space is defined\MessageBreak
           \space somewhere in this document.)\@gobble
        }{Have a look at the comments in this document.}%
        {%
          \string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space can extract the \string\prjindex\MessageBreak
          from \string\jobname's expansion only in case \string\jobname's expansion is\MessageBreak
          of pattern\MessageBreak
          \@spaces #1\string####1#2\string####2\MessageBreak
          while \string####1 is not empty.\MessageBreak
          If this is the case, the expansion of \string\prjindex\space will be \string####1.\MessageBreak
          \string####1 will not contain underscores (\string_).\MessageBreak
          \string####2 can contain underscores.\MessageBreak
        }%
      }%
      {\newcommand*\prjindex{##1}}%
    }%
  }%
}%
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{\expandafter\prjprephrase\expandafter}%
\expandafter{\prjpostphrase}%
%%=====End of code for \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined=====
% 
% This will define \prjindex depending on the expansion of \jobname
% while \jobname usually represents the name of the file used for
% initiating compilation:
%
% !!! I don't know whether, e.g., online-latex-plattforms like overleaf
% !!! invoke latex using the -jobname-option, which would lead to
% !!! the expansion of \jobname deviating from the name of the file
% !!! used for initiating compilation.
%
\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined
%
% With subsequent preamble-commands you can, if you wish, fork depending on
% the expansion of \prjindex. But be aware that like \jobname \prjindex also
% holds only characters of catcode 12(other) and spaces of catcode 10(space).
% Therefore when storing a string in a temporary macro (this should, like
% \prjindex not be defined in terms of \long, which is the case with
% \def or \newcommand*) and \ifx-comparing that temporary macro to \prjindex,
% make sure that the definition of that temporary macro is "sanitized" by
% means of \@onelevel@sanitize before doing the \ifx-comparison.
%
%  \usepackage...
%  \usepackage...
%
\begin{document}%
\endinput
|
| Place whatsoever comments remarks and explanations and manuals you wish to place 
| here. They won't be processed because LaTeX ceases reading and processing this
| file when encountering \endinput.

后记.tex

\csname @\ifnum\inputlevel>1 second\else first\fi oftwo\endcsname
{%
  \end{document}%
}{%
  \xdef\inputlevel{\number\numexpr\inputlevel-1\relax}%
}%

项目_A_cp1.tex

%----------------------
\input{Preamble.tex}%
%----------------------
This is file \texttt{Projekt\string_A\string_cp1.tex}\par
This is the text in file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp1.tex}.\par
The file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp1.tex} invokes the file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp2.tex}:\par
\input{Projekt_\prjindex_cp2.tex}%
%----------------------
\input{Postamble.tex}%
%----------------------

项目_A_cp2.tex

%----------------------
\input{Preamble.tex}%
%----------------------
This is file \texttt{Projekt\string_A\string_cp2.tex}\par
This is the text in file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp2.tex}.\par
The file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp2.tex} invokes the file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp3.tex}:\par
\input{Projekt_\prjindex_cp3.tex}%
%----------------------
\input{Postamble.tex}%
%----------------------

项目_A_cp3.tex

%----------------------
\input{Preamble.tex}%
%----------------------
This is file \texttt{Projekt\string_A\string_cp3.tex}\par
This is the text in file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp3.tex}.\par
%----------------------
\input{Postamble.tex}%
%----------------------

项目_B_cp1.tex

%----------------------
\input{Preamble.tex}%
%----------------------
This is file \texttt{Projekt\string_B\string_cp1.tex}\par
This is the text in file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp1.tex}.\par
The file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp1.tex} invokes the file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp2.tex}:\par
\input{Projekt_\prjindex_cp2.tex}%
%----------------------
\input{Postamble.tex}%
%----------------------

项目_B_cp2.tex

%----------------------
\input{Preamble.tex}%
%----------------------
This is file \texttt{Projekt\string_B\string_cp2.tex}\par
This is the text in file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp2.tex}.\par
The file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp2.tex} invokes the file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp3.tex}:\par
\input{Projekt_\prjindex_cp3.tex}%
%----------------------
\input{Postamble.tex}%
%----------------------

项目_B_cp3.tex

%----------------------
\input{Preamble.tex}%
%----------------------
This is file \texttt{Projekt\string_B\string_cp3.tex}\par
This is the text in file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp3.tex}.\par
%----------------------
\input{Postamble.tex}%
%----------------------

这样，每个文件、、Projekt_A_cp1.tex分别都可用于 “独立”编译，也可通过或由同一项目的另一个文件调用。Projekt_A_cp2.texProjekt_A_cp3.texProjekt_B_cp1.texProjekt_B_cp2.texProjekt_B_cp3.tex\input\include

Preamble.tex可以包含根据的含义发生分叉的代码\prjindex，因此可以针对同一前言文件内的不同项目以不同的方式处理事情。

Answer