我正在尝试使用 pgfplots 重新创建一个如下所示的图表（只有两组）：
到目前为止我已经能够制作出这个：
以下是我编写的代码：
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis x line*=bottom, % show bottom x-axis and dont remove tick marks
axis y line=none,
symbolic x coords={North,South},
xtick=data,
scaled y ticks = false,
enlargelimits=0.5,
bar width=50pt,
bar shift=-100pt,
nodes near coords,
nodes near coords style={
anchor=south,
},
every node near coord/.append style={
yshift=-20pt,
font=\scriptsize
},
point meta=explicit symbolic,
ybar % make bar chart
]
\addplot[draw=black,fill=gray!30]
coordinates {
(North,1300) [1300]
(South,1600) [1600]
};
\addplot[draw=black,fill=gray!50]
coordinates {
(North,1750) [1750]
(South,1500) [1500]
};
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
axis lines = none,
symbolic x coords={North,South},
xtick=data,
scaled y ticks = false,
enlargelimits=0.5,
bar width=50pt,
bar shift=100pt,
nodes near coords,
nodes near coords style={
anchor=south,
},
every node near coord/.append style={
yshift=-20pt,
font=\scriptsize
},
point meta=explicit symbolic,
ybar % make bar chart
]
\addplot+[draw=black,fill=green]
coordinates {
(North,1750) [300]
(South,1600) [250]
};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
任何帮助都将不胜感激，谢谢！
答案1
这是实现这个目标的方法。我并不是说这是最好的可能性，可以想象有人可能会想出类似这样的东西这个很好的答案。不过，我可以在这里提供以下内容：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotstableread[header=true]{
dir L R
North 1300 1600
South 1750 1500
East 1100 1500
West 2050 2250
}\honeydat
\pgfplotstablegetrowsof{\honeydat}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\numrows}{\pgfplotsretval-1}
\begin{axis}[width=12cm,ybar,
axis x line*=bottom, % show bottom x-axis and dont remove tick marks
axis y line=none,
scaled y ticks = false,
enlarge x limits={abs=1.5cm},
bar width=30pt,
xtick={0,...,3},
xticklabels={North,South,East,West},
nodes near coords,
nodes near coords style={
anchor=south,
},
every node near coord/.append style={
yshift=-20pt,
font=\scriptsize
},
]
\addplot[draw=black,fill=gray!30] table[x expr=\coordindex,y=L] \honeydat;
\addplot[draw=black,fill=gray!50] table[x expr=\coordindex,y=R] \honeydat;
\pgfplotsinvokeforeach{0,...,\numrows}{%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{#1}{L}\of{\honeydat}%
\edef\myL{\pgfplotsretval}%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{#1}{R}\of{\honeydat}%
\edef\myR{\pgfplotsretval}%
\ifdim\myL pt<\myR pt
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\mydiff}{\myR-\myL}
\edef\temp{\noexpand\path[fill=green!20] (axis cs:#1,\myR)
rectangle ([xshift=-30pt]axis cs:#1,\myL);
\noexpand\draw[densely dashed,green!70!black]
(axis cs:#1,\myR) -- ++ (-30pt,0pt)
node[pos=0.5,above]{\mydiff}
-- ([xshift=-30pt]axis cs:#1,\myL);
}
\else
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\mydiff}{\myL-\myR}
\edef\temp{\noexpand\path[fill=orange!20] (axis cs:#1,\myL)
rectangle ([xshift=30pt]axis cs:#1,\myR);
\noexpand\draw[densely dashed,orange]
(axis cs:#1,\myL) -- ++ (30pt,0pt)
node[pos=0.5,above]{\mydiff}
-- ([xshift=30pt]axis cs:#1,\myR);
}
\fi
\temp}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}
如果您还想允许更大的值，则需要使用fpu循环中完成的计算。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}
\newcommand{\PgfmathtruncatemacroFPU}[2]{\begingroup%
\pgfkeys{/pgf/fpu,/pgf/fpu/output format=fixed}%
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{#1}{#2}%
\pgfmathsmuggle#1\endgroup}
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotstableread[header=true]{
dir L R
North 130000 160000
South 175000 150000
East 110000 150000
West 205000 225000
}\honeydat
\pgfplotstablegetrowsof{\honeydat}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\numrows}{\pgfplotsretval-1}
\begin{axis}[width=12cm,ybar,
axis x line*=bottom, % show bottom x-axis and dont remove tick marks
axis y line=none,
scaled y ticks = false,
enlarge x limits={abs=1.5cm},
bar width=30pt,
xtick={0,...,3},
xticklabels={North,South,East,West},
nodes near coords,
nodes near coords style={
anchor=south,
},
every node near coord/.append style={
yshift=-20pt,
font=\scriptsize
},
]
\addplot[draw=black,fill=gray!30] table[x expr=\coordindex,y=L] \honeydat;
\addplot[draw=black,fill=gray!50] table[x expr=\coordindex,y=R] \honeydat;
\pgfplotsinvokeforeach{0,...,\numrows}{%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{#1}{L}\of{\honeydat}%
\edef\myL{\pgfplotsretval}%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{#1}{R}\of{\honeydat}%
\edef\myR{\pgfplotsretval}%
\PgfmathtruncatemacroFPU{\mysign}{sign(\myR-\myL)}
\ifnum\mysign>0
\PgfmathtruncatemacroFPU{\mydiff}{\myR-\myL}
\edef\temp{\noexpand\path[fill=green!20] (axis cs:#1,\myR)
rectangle ([xshift=-30pt]axis cs:#1,\myL);
\noexpand\draw[densely dashed,green!70!black]
(axis cs:#1,\myR) -- ++ (-30pt,0pt)
node[pos=0.5,above]{\noexpand\pgfmathprintnumber{\mydiff}}
-- ([xshift=-30pt]axis cs:#1,\myL);
}
\else
\PgfmathtruncatemacroFPU{\mydiff}{\myL-\myR}
\edef\temp{\noexpand\path[fill=orange!20] (axis cs:#1,\myL)
rectangle ([xshift=30pt]axis cs:#1,\myR);
\noexpand\draw[densely dashed,orange]
(axis cs:#1,\myL) -- ++ (30pt,0pt)
node[pos=0.5,above]{\noexpand\pgfmathprintnumber{\mydiff}}
-- ([xshift=30pt]axis cs:#1,\myR);
}
\fi
\temp}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}
