我尝试使用这里提出的问题的答案：如何为单个多列单元格着色
但如果我使用更多行，且多列间距不同，一些彩色多列单元格的右侧仍然有白色填充。我做错了什么？
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage[margin=1in,headheight=.5in,headsep=0.25in]{geometry}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{ltablex}
\keepXColumns
\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}}% for vertical centering text in X column
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcommand{\cell}[2]{\multicolumn{#1}{|>{\hsize=%
\dimexpr#1\linewidth+#1\tabcolsep+#1\tabcolsep-#1\arrayrulewidth}C|}{#2}}
\newcommand{\colorcell}[2]{\multicolumn{#1}{|>{\columncolor{red}\hsize=%
\dimexpr#1\linewidth+#1\tabcolsep+#1\tabcolsep-#1\arrayrulewidth}C|}{#2}}
\begin{document}
Standard Column Color
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|*{8}{C|}}
\hline
7 & 6 & 5 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 1 & 0 \\
\hline
\colorcell{1}{ a a a a a a a a a a a a}
& CLEAR
& \colorcell{2}{Colored Cell}
& CLEAR
& \colorcell{3}{Colored Cell} \\
\hline
\colorcell{2}{ a a a a a a a a a a a a}
& CLEAR
& \colorcell{2}{Colored Cell}
& CLEAR
& \colorcell{2}{Colored Cell} \\
\hline
a a a a a a a a a a a a
& CLEAR
& CLEAR
& CLEAR
& \colorcell{4}{Colored Cell} \\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}
答案1
在评估多列宽度时，您还减去了第一个和最后一个规则的厚度，这是不应该的。下面是一段简化的代码，它给出了预期的结果。我还必须定义两个变体（colorcell，以及\lcolorcell当 \multicolumn 是其行中的第一个时的情况）以避免出现双重垂直规则。
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage[margin=1in,headheight=.5in,headsep=0.25in]{geometry}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{ltablex}
\keepXColumns
\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}}% for vertical centering text in X column
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcommand{\cell}[2]{\multicolumn{#1}{|>{\hsize=%
\dimexpr#1\linewidth+#1\tabcolsep+#1\tabcolsep-#1\arrayrulewidth}C|}{#2}}
\newcommand{\colorcell}[2]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{red}[\tabcolsep]\hsize=%
\dimexpr (\linewidth+2\tabcolsep + \arrayrulewidth)*#1-2\arrayrulewidth}C|}{#2}}
\newcommand{\lcolorcell}[2]{\multicolumn{#1}{|>{\columncolor{red}[\tabcolsep]\hsize=%
\dimexpr (\linewidth+2\tabcolsep + \arrayrulewidth)*#1-2\arrayrulewidth}C|}{#2}}
\begin{document}
Standard Column Color
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|*{8}{C|}}
\hline
7 & 6 & 5 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 1 & 0 \\
\hline
\cellcolor{red} a a a a a a a a a a a a
& CLEAR
& \colorcell{2}{Colored Cell}
& CLEAR
& \colorcell{3}{Colored Cell} \\
\hline
\lcolorcell{2}{a a a a a a a a a a a a}
& CLEAR
& \colorcell{2}{Colored Cell}
& CLEAR
& \colorcell{2}{Colored Cell} \\
\hline
a a a a a a a a a a a a
& CLEAR
& CLEAR
& CLEAR
& \colorcell{4}{Colored Cell} \\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}
答案2
使用（≥ 6.0 2021-08-10），您{NiceTabularX}可以nicematrix直接得到预期的结果。
输出的 PDF 在所有 PDF 查看器中都显示良好。在某些缩放级别下，垂直规则似乎不会消失。
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage[margin=1in,headheight=.5in,headsep=0.25in]{geometry}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{nicematrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{NiceTabularX}{\textwidth}{*{8}{X[m,c]}}[hvlines,colortbl-like]
7 & 6 & 5 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 1 & 0 \\
\cellcolor{red} a a a a a a a a a a a a
& CLEAR
& \Block[fill=red]{1-2}{Colored Cell}
&& CLEAR
& \Block[fill=red]{1-3}{Colored Cell} \\
\Block[fill=red]{1-2}{ a a a a a a a a a a a a}
&& CLEAR
& \Block[fill=red]{1-2}{Colored Cell}
&& CLEAR
& \Block[fill=red]{1-2}{Colored Cell} \\
a a a a a a a a a a a a
& CLEAR
& CLEAR
& CLEAR
& \Block[fill=red]{1-4}{Colored Cell} \\
\end{NiceTabularX}
\end{document}
您需要多次编译（因为nicematrix在后台使用 PGF/Tikz 节点）。
答案3
这是表格的可转换变体。如您所见，规则是可见的。列和行的跨度可能很重要。
另外，您可以为列指定精确的值，而不是相对于边距计算它们。
\documentclass[11 pt, a4paper, oneside, openany]{book}
\usepackage{cals, caption}
\usepackage[svgnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\let\nc=\nullcell % Shortcuts
\let\sc=\spancontent
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[tbh!]
\caption{calstable can float\label{tab:calstable}}
\begin{calstable}[c] % Centred between margins
% Defining columns relative to each other and relative to the margins
\colwidths{{\dimexpr(\columnwidth/8)\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth/8)\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth/8)\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth/8)\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth/8)\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth/8)\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth/8)\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth/8)\relax}
}
% The tabular fills the text area if sum of all columns is 8
% Set up the tabular
\makeatletter
\def\cals@framers@width{0.4pt} % Outside frame rules, reduce if the rule is too heavy
\def\cals@framecs@width{0.4pt}
\def\cals@bodyrs@width{0.4pt} % Rule between header and body of the table
\def\cals@bgcolor{}
\def\cals@AtBeginCell{\vfil} % Vertical centring all cell content
\setlength{\cals@paddingL}{3pt} % cals’ tabcolsep,
\setlength{\cals@paddingR}{3pt}
\def\lblue{\ifx\cals@bgcolor\empty % "Switch" to turn on and off colour
\def\cals@bgcolor{LightSteelBlue}
\else \def\cals@bgcolor{} \fi}
% R1H1
\thead{\footnotesize\bfseries
\brow
\alignC\cell{7}
\cell{6}
\cell{5}
\cell{4}
\cell{3}
\cell{2}
\cell{1}
\cell{0}
\erow
\mdseries}
\tfoot{\lastrule\strut}
%R2B1
\brow
\lblue\cell{aaaaa\par aaaaa\par aa}\lblue
\cell{CLEAR}
\lblue\nc{ltb}
\nc{rtb}\sc{Coloured cell}\lblue
\cell{CLEAR}
\lblue\nc{ltb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{rtb}\sc{Coloured cell}\lblue
\erow
%R3B2
\brow
\lblue\nc{ltb}
\nc{rtb}\sc{aaaaaaaaaaaa}\lblue
\cell{CLEAR}
\lblue\nc{ltb}
\nc{rtb}\sc{Coloured cell}\lblue
\cell{CLEAR}
\lblue\nc{ltb}
\nc{rtb}\sc{Coloured cell}\lblue
\erow
%R4B3
\brow
\lblue\cell{aaaaa\par aaaaa\par aa}\lblue
\cell{CLEAR}
\cell{CLEAR}
\cell{CLEAR}
\lblue\nc{ltb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{rtb}\sc{Coloured cell}\lblue
\erow
\makeatletter
\end{calstable}
\end{table}
\end{document}