如何将列元素放在 tikz 中的一个框内，然后跟上标签？

Question

如何将列元素放置在下方带有短标签的框内。

我尝试过，但没有得到想要的输出。当前编译的输出如下所示。

我想放置一个框来覆盖整个 D1 和 plk(D2) 节点，同样也覆盖其他两个节点，即 k1(D1) 和 D2（按列）。还想在该框下方放置一个标签。请帮助我。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, quotes, arrows.meta, arrows, calc, shadows, positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 22mm and 22mm,
mybox/.style = {draw, ultra thick, text width=22mm, minimum height=11mm, align=center,
    inner sep=2mm, outer sep=0mm},
every edge/.style = {draw, thick, shorten >=2mm, shorten <=2mm,
    bend left, -Stealth},
every edge quotes/.append style={sloped, font=\sffamily\scriptsize, auto},
]
\begin{scope}

\node[] (sa)    {D\textsubscript{1}};
\node[] (sb)  [right=of sa] {kl(D\textsubscript{1})};
\node[] (sc)  [below=of sa] {plk(D\textsubscript{2})};
\node[] (sd)  [right=of sc] {D\textsubscript{2}};

\end{scope}

\draw
(sa)  edge ["ald"] (sb) 
(sb)  edge  ["ald\textsuperscript{-1}"] (sa)
(sc)  edge ["sld"]  (sd)
(sd)  edge ["sld\textsuperscript{-1}"] (sc)
;
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Try.}
\label{f1}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Answer 1

这接近吗？

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, quotes, arrows.meta, arrows, calc, shadows, positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 22mm and 22mm,
mybox/.style = {draw, ultra thick, text width=22mm, minimum height=11mm, align=center,
    inner sep=2mm, outer sep=0mm},
every edge/.style = {draw, thick, shorten >=2mm, shorten <=2mm,
    bend left, -Stealth},
every edge quotes/.append style={sloped, font=\sffamily\scriptsize, auto},
small box/.style={draw,minimum width=2em,minimum height=1em}
]
\begin{scope}

\node[] (sa)    {D\textsubscript{1}};
\node[] (sb)  [right=of sa] {kl(D\textsubscript{1})};
\node[] (sc)  [below=of sa] {plk(D\textsubscript{2})};
\node[] (sd)  [right=of sc] {D\textsubscript{2}};
\node[small box,label=below:x] at ($(sa)!0.5!(sb)$){};
\node[small box,label=below:y] at ($(sc)!0.5!(sd)$){};
\end{scope}

\draw
(sa)  edge ["ald"] (sb) 
(sb)  edge  ["ald\textsuperscript{-1}"'] (sa)
(sc)  edge ["sld"]  (sd)
(sd)  edge ["sld\textsuperscript{-1}"'] (sc)
;
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Try.}
\label{f1}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

要将节点放入盒子中，请使用fit库。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,bending,quotes, positioning,fit}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 25mm and 22mm,
mybox/.style = {draw, ultra thick, text width=22mm, minimum height=11mm, align=center,
    inner sep=2mm, outer sep=0mm},
every edge/.style = {draw, thick, shorten >=2mm, shorten <=2mm,
    bend left=60, -{Stealth[bend]}},
every edge quotes/.append style={sloped, font=\sffamily\scriptsize, auto},
]
\begin{scope}

\node[] (sa)    {D\textsubscript{1}};
\node[] (sb)  [right=of sa] {kl(D\textsubscript{1})};
\node[] (sc)  [below=of sa] {plk(D\textsubscript{2})};
\node[] (sd)  [right=of sc] {D\textsubscript{2}};
\node[fit=(sa)(sb),draw,inner ysep=0pt,label=below:x]{};
\node[fit=(sc)(sd),draw,inner ysep=0pt,label=below:y]{};
\end{scope}

\draw
(sa)  edge ["ald"] (sb) 
(sb)  edge  ["ald\textsuperscript{-1}"'] (sa)
(sc)  edge ["sld"]  (sd)
(sd)  edge ["sld\textsuperscript{-1}"'] (sc)
;
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Try.}
\label{f1}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Answer 2

这更新的问题说：

我想要放置一个覆盖整个 D1 和 plk（D2）节点的盒子，同样也覆盖另外两个节点，即 k1（D1）和 D2（按列）。

答案如下那个问题使用 Ti钾Zfit库：

\documentclass[tikz, border=2mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{fit, shapes, quotes, arrows.meta, arrows, calc, shadows,
                positioning}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[
  node distance = 40mm and 22mm,
  mybox/.style = {draw, ultra thick, text width=22mm, minimum height=11mm,
                  align=center,
      inner sep=2mm, outer sep=0mm},
  every edge/.style = {draw, thick, shorten >=2mm, shorten <=2mm,
                       bend left, -Stealth},
  every edge quotes/.append style={sloped, font=\sffamily\scriptsize, auto},
  ]

\begin{scope}
  \node (sa)               {D\textsubscript{1}};
  \node (sb) [right=of sa] {kl(D\textsubscript{1})};
  \node (sc) [below=of sa] {plk(D\textsubscript{2})};
  \node (sd) [right=of sc] {D\textsubscript{2}};
\end{scope}

\draw
  (sa.north -| sc.east) edge ["ald"] (sb.north west)
  (sb.south west) edge ["ald\textsuperscript{-1}"] (sa.south -| sc.east)
  (sc.north east) edge ["sld"]  (sd.north -| sb.west)
  (sd.south -| sb.west) edge ["sld\textsuperscript{-1}"] (sc.south east);

\path node (m) [draw, inner sep=0, outer sep=0, fit=(sa) (sc)] {}
      node[font=\tiny, inner ysep = 0, below=1mm of m] {below A};

\path node (n) [draw, inner sep=0, outer sep=0, fit=(sb) (sd)] {}
      node[font=\tiny, inner ysep = 0, below=1mm of n] {below B};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}