在 tikz 中绘制设备

Question

是否可以使用 tikz 绘制类似下图的内容？如果可以，我应该如何开始？这看起来太高级了，我不知道从哪里开始。请告诉我。

Answer 1

这是一个开始，而不是完全重现图表的尝试。您可以建立一些 3D 视图，然后逐个放置对象。对于重复的对象（例如圆柱体或长方体），定义pics 是有意义的。为了将某些东西投影到坐标平面上，您可以使用3d库。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{perspective,3d}
\begin{document}
\makeatletter
\tikzset{pics/3d cylinder z/.style={code={%
            \tikzset{3d/cylinder/.cd,#1}%
            \def\pv##1{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/3d/cylinder/##1}}%
            \edef\mylocalaz{\pgf@view@az}%
            \draw[pic actions] %[left color=gray!90,right color=gray!60,middle color=gray!20] 
            plot[domain=\pgf@view@az:\pgf@view@az-180,variable=\t,smooth]
            ({\pv{r}*cos(\t)},
            {\pv{r}*sin(\t)},0)
            -- 
            plot[domain=\mylocalaz-180:\mylocalaz,variable=\t,smooth]
            ({\pv{r}*cos(\t)},
            {\pv{r}*sin(\t)},
            \pv{h}) 
            -- cycle;
            \draw[pic actions] %[fill=gray!30] 
            plot[domain=0:360,variable=\t,smooth cycle]
            ({\pv{r}*cos(\t)},
            {\pv{r}*sin(\t)},
            \pv{h}); 
            \pgfkeys{/tikz/3d/cylinder/extra}
    }},pics/cuboid/.style={code={%
        \tikzset{3d/cuboid/.cd,#1}%
        \def\pv##1{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/3d/cuboid/##1}}%
  \draw[pic actions] 
  (-\pv{x}/2,-\pv{y}/2,-\pv{z}/2) 
  -- (-\pv{x}/2,-\pv{y}/2,\pv{z}/2) 
   -- (\pv{x}/2,-\pv{y}/2,\pv{z}/2) 
    -- (\pv{x}/2,-\pv{y}/2,-\pv{z}/2) -- cycle;
  \draw[pic actions] 
  (-\pv{x}/2,-\pv{y}/2,-\pv{z}/2) 
  -- (-\pv{x}/2,-\pv{y}/2,\pv{z}/2) 
   -- (-\pv{x}/2,\pv{y}/2,\pv{z}/2) 
    -- (-\pv{x}/2,\pv{y}/2,-\pv{z}/2) -- cycle;
  \draw[pic actions] 
  (-\pv{x}/2,-\pv{y}/2,\pv{z}/2) 
  -- (\pv{x}/2,-\pv{y}/2,\pv{z}/2) 
   -- (\pv{x}/2,\pv{y}/2,\pv{z}/2) 
    -- (-\pv{x}/2,\pv{y}/2,\pv{z}/2) -- cycle;
  }},
    3d/.cd,cylinder/.cd,r/.initial=1,h/.initial=2,extra/.code={},
    /tikz/3d/.cd,cuboid/.cd,x/.initial=1,y/.initial=1,z/.initial=1}
\makeatother    
\begin{tikzpicture}[3d view={-35}{25},line cap=round,line join=round]
 \path (0,0,0) pic{cuboid={x=4,y=5,z=3}} 
 (0,0,1.6)pic[fill=white]{cuboid={x=4.2,y=5.2,z=0.2}};
 \begin{scope}[canvas is yx plane at z=1.7]
  \draw[yshift=6mm,xscale=-1] foreach \X [evaluate=\X as \Y using {int(Mod(\X,60))}] 
  in {0,10,...,120} {(234-2.4*\X:0.5) -- (234-2.4*\X:0.8)
  \ifnum\Y=0
  node[pos=1.5,transform shape,font=\sffamily] {\X}
  \fi};
 \end{scope}
 \path(-1.3,1.8,1.7) pic[fill=white]{3d cylinder z={r=0.5,h=2}}
  (1.3,1.8,1.9) pic[fill=white]{cuboid={z=0.4}}
  (-1.3,-1.8,1.7) pic[fill=white]{3d cylinder z={r=0.3,h=0.2}}
  (-1.3,-1.8,1.9) pic[fill=white]{3d cylinder z={r=0.4,h=0.4,
  extra/.code={
  \draw foreach \t in {0,10,...,180}
  {({\pv{r}*cos(\mylocalaz-\t)},{\pv{r}*sin(\mylocalaz-\t)},0) 
  -- ({\pv{r}*cos(\mylocalaz-\t)},{\pv{r}*sin(\mylocalaz-\t)},\pv{h}) };
  }}};
\end{tikzpicture}   
\end{document}