我正在尝试制作下图：
到目前为止，这是我的代码：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{arydshln}
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}
\centering
\[
\begin{array}{ccccc}
\text{First Factor} & \xrightarrow{\hspace*{2cm}} & \text{Second Factor} & \xrightarrow{\hspace*{2cm}} & \text{Multiple Factors} \\
\text{(Parenthetical)} & & & & \text{(M = 100)} \\
\end{array}
\]
\[
\begin{array}{ccccc}
&&& \left\downarrow\rule{0cm}{1cm}\right.\phantom{(\varphi^n)^*}\\
\end{array}
\]
Long text explaining what is the output in this row \\ $Y_{ipt}$ = f(factor1, factor2, factor3, factor4, factor5, factor6, factor7, factor8)
\[
\begin{array}{ccccc}
&&& \left\downarrow\rule{0cm}{1cm}\right.\phantom{(\varphi^n)^*}\\
\end{array}
\]
Another Long text explaining what is the output in this row
$\hat{Y}_{pt}$ explaining the predicted values considering factor1, factor2, factor3, factor4, factor5, factor6, factor7, and factor8
\[
\begin{array}{ccccc}
&&& \left\downarrow\rule{0cm}{1cm}\right.\phantom{(\varphi^n)^*}\\
\end{array}
\]
One more long text explaining the output \\\hdashline[10.5pt/7pt]
New stage begins calculating the mean ($\mu$) and the variance ($\omega$) with some other parameters to understand our results
\[
\begin{array}{ccccc}
&&& \left\downarrow\rule{0cm}{1cm}\right.\phantom{(\varphi^n)^*}\\
\end{array}
\]
$\mu_{pt} =$ f(factor1, factor2, factor3, factor4, factor5, factor6, factor7, factor8, factor1*factor2, factor2*factor3, factor4*factor5)
$\omega_{pt}$=f(factor9, factor10, factor11, factor12, factor13, factor14, factor15, factor16, factor17, factor18, factor19, factor20)
\end{document}
正如您所见，我离这个目标还很远，因为我制作的东西既不高效，也不是真正的数字。我确信有更好的方法可以使用 TikZ 等软件包来实现，但我无法成功编码。
答案1
使用 TikZ，正如@daleif 在他的评论中所建议的那样：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
chains,
decorations.pathmorphing,
calligraphy,
positioning}
\makeatletter
\tikzset{suspend join/.code={\def\tikz@after@path{}}}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 12mm and 0mm,
start chain = A going below,
every node/.append style = {align=flush center},
box/.style = {minimum height=9mm, text width=124mm,
font=\itshape\sffamily\small, on chain=A, join=by arr},
arr/.style = {-{Triangle[angle=60:2 3]}, thick},
BC/.style = {decorate, % Brace, calligraphy
decoration={calligraphic brace, amplitude=4pt,
pre =moveto, pre length=1pt,
post=moveto, post length=1pt,
raise=4pt,
mirror}, % for mirroring of brace
very thick,
pen colour=black
},
]
\node[box] {};
\node (A-1C) at (A-1) {Second Factor};
\node (A-1L) [right=of A-1.west] {First Factor\\(Parenthetical)};
\node (A-1R) [ left=of A-1.east] {Multipole Factor\\($M=100$)};
\draw[arr] (A-1L) -- (A-1C);
\draw[arr] (A-1C) -- (A-1R);
\draw (A-1.north west) -- (A-1.north east);
\node[box] {Long text explaining what is the output in this row
$Y_{ipt}=f$ factor1, factor2, factor3, factor4,
factor5, factor6, factor7, and factor8};
\node[box] {Another Long text explaining what is the output in this row
$\hat{Y}_{pt}$ explaining the predicted values considering factor1, factor2, factor3, factor4,\\
factor5, factor6, factor7, and factor8};
\node[box] {One more long text explaining the output};
\draw[dashed] (A-4.south west) -- (A-4.south east);
\node[box, suspend join,
below=0pt of A-4]
{New stage begins calculating the mean ($\mu$) and the variance ($\omega$) with some other parameters to understand our results};
\node[box] {New stage begins calculating the mean ($\mu$) and the variance ($\omega$) with some other parameters to understand our results};
\node[box] {$\mu_{pt} =$ f(factor1, factor2, factor3, factor4, factor5, factor6, factor7, factor8,\\
factor1*factor2, factor2*factor3, factor4*factor5)\\
$\omega_{pt}=f$(factor9, factor10, factor11, factor12, factor13, factor14, factor15, factor16,\\
factor17, factor18, factor19, factor20)};
\draw (A-7.south west) -- (A-7.south east);
%%%%
\draw[BC] (A-1.north west) --
node[left=8pt] {\textbf{1\textsuperscript{st}}\\ \textbf{stage}} (A-4.south west);
\draw[BC] (A-5.north west) --
node[left=8pt] {\textbf{2\textsuperscript{st}}\\ \textbf{stage}} (A-7.south west);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
