如何在 tikz 中创建流程图时设置列宽和列高

Question

您可以使用current bounding box节点使它们的高度均匀。（您忘记添加的定义，\ImageNode所以我编造了一些东西。）

\documentclass[12pt]{article}   % changed
\usepackage{tikz}               % added
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,
                fit,
                positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric, arrows}


\begin{document} 

 \begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
  node distance = 4mm and 10mm,
    base/.style = {rectangle, draw, inner sep=2mm, align=center}, 
   steps/.style = {base, rounded corners, fill=gray!50, 
                   minimum height=1cm, text width=24mm},    % changed
 process/.style = {base,
                   minimum height=3cm, text width=34mm,     % changed 
                   fill=white},
 decision/.style  = {diamond, minimum height=1cm ,
                    draw=black, fill=white, inner sep=2mm},
FIT/.style args = {#1/#2}{base, draw=none, fit=#1, fill=#2} % added
                  ]
\newcommand\ImageNode[3][]{%
\node[#1](#2) {\includegraphics[width=3cm,height=3cm]{#3}};
}
\node (process1) [process]                      {text text};
\node (process2) [decision, right=of process1]   {text text
    text };
\node (process3) [process, right=of process2]   {text text text};
\ImageNode[label={-90:text}, below =of process1]{process4}{example-image-a};
\ImageNode[label={-90:text}, below =of process2]{process5}{example-image-b};
\ImageNode[label={-90:text}, below =of process3]{process6}{example-image-c};

\node (step1) [steps, above=of process1]   {Step 1};
\node (step2) [steps, above=of process2]   {Step 2};
\node (step3) [steps, above=of process3]   {Step 3};
%
\path (current bounding box.north) coordinate (N)
 (current bounding box.south) coordinate (S);
\scoped[on background layer]
{
\node[FIT=(N-|process1) (S-|process1) (step1) (process1) (process4)/red!20] {};
\node[FIT=(N-|process2) (S-|process2) (step2) (process2) (process5)/red!40] {};
\node[FIT=(N-|process3) (S-|process3) (step3) (process3) (process6)/red!60] {};
}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

但是，我认为您的出发点不必要地复杂。有更简单、更可靠的可能性可以做到这一点。您可以使用，matrix这样一切都会很好地定位。

\documentclass[12pt]{article}   
\usepackage{tikz}               
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,
                fit,
                positioning,
                matrix,
                shapes.geometric}


\begin{document} 

 \begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
    base/.style = {rectangle, draw, inner sep=2mm, align=center}, 
   steps/.style = {base, rounded corners, fill=gray!50, 
                   minimum height=1cm, text width=24mm},    % changed
 process/.style = {base,
                   minimum height=3cm, text width=34mm,     % changed 
                   fill=white},
 decision/.style  = {diamond, minimum height=1cm ,
                    draw=black, fill=white, inner sep=2mm},
 img/.style={execute at begin node={%
    \includegraphics[width=3cm,height=3cm]{#1}}},%added
                  ]
\matrix[matrix of nodes,column sep=1cm,row sep=1em,nodes in empty cells,nodes={anchor=center},
row 1/.style={nodes=steps,execute at begin node={Step \the\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn}}]
(mat) {
 & &  \\
 |[process]| text text & 
 |[decision]| text text text &
 |[process]| text text \\ 
 |[img=example-image-a]| & |[img=example-image-b]| &
 |[img=example-image-c]|\\[-1em]
 text & text & text \\
};
\scoped[on background layer]
{\foreach \X [count=\Y] in {red!20,red!40,red!60} {
 \node[fit=(mat-1-\Y) (mat-2-\Y) (mat-3-\Y) (mat-4-\Y),fill=\X]{};
}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

然后使列宽均匀也很容易。

\documentclass[12pt]{article}   
\usepackage{tikz}               
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                backgrounds,
                fit,
                positioning,
                matrix,
                shapes.geometric}


\begin{document} 

 \begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
    base/.style = {rectangle, draw, inner sep=2mm, align=center}, 
   steps/.style = {base, rounded corners, fill=gray!50, 
                   minimum height=1cm, text width=24mm},    % changed
 process/.style = {base,
                   minimum height=3cm, text width=34mm,     % changed 
                   fill=white},
 decision/.style  = {diamond, minimum height=1cm ,
                    draw=black, fill=white, inner sep=2mm},
 img/.style={inner sep=0pt,execute at begin node={%
    \includegraphics[width=3cm,height=3cm]{#1}}},%added
  >=Stealth 
                  ]
\matrix[matrix of nodes,column sep=1em,row sep=1em,nodes in empty cells,nodes={anchor=center},
row 1/.style={nodes=steps,execute at begin node={Step \the\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn}},
row 4/.style={nodes={text width=9em,align=center}}]
(mat) {
 & &  \\
 |[process]| text text & 
 |[decision]| text text text &
 |[process]| text text \\ 
 |[img=example-image-a]| & |[img=example-image-b]| &
 |[img=example-image-c]|\\[-1em]
 text & text & text \\
};
\scoped[on background layer]
{\foreach \X [count=\Y] in {red!20,red!40,red!60} {
 \node[fit=(mat-1-\Y) (mat-2-\Y) (mat-3-\Y) (mat-4-\Y),fill=\X]{};
}
}
\path[-Stealth] (mat-2-1) % 2nd row, 1st column
 edge (mat-2-2) % 2nd row, 2nd column
 (mat-2-3) edge  (mat-2-2)
  (mat-2-2) edge (mat-3-2);  % 3rd row, 2nd column
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

这是如何运作的？

矩阵的名称为mat，因此矩阵中的节点的名称为mat-<i>-<j>，其中<i>是行，是<j>列。
因此(mat-2-3) edge (mat-2-2)将第二行第三列的节点与同一行第二列的节点连接起来。
row 1/.style-{...}在 pgfmanual v3.1.5 的第 325 页中有描述。这里是样式

行 1/.style={nodes=steps,在开始节点执行={Step \the\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn}}，

其特殊之处在于它利用计数\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn使该行的节点使用样式steps，并用索引填充row。因此，您无需执行任何其他操作即可获得框、、，1并且如果您添加列，则会自动出现第四个节点。23

Answer 1