编辑：以管理员身份运行 LuaLaTeX 来编译文档确实有效。因此，以管理员身份运行我的编辑器 (TeXstudio) 确实是一种解决方法。然而问题仍然存在，为什么在升级到 TeX Live 2020 后突然需要这样做。
从 TeX Live 2019 升级到 TeX Live 2020 后，我无法再使用 LuaLaTeX 编译文档。PDFLaTeX 和 XeLaTeX 可以正常工作。
即使编译最小文档也不会产生任何结果，以下是示例和日志：
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Hello World!
\end{document}
This is LuaHBTeX, Version 1.12.0 (TeX Live 2020/W32TeX) (format=lualatex 2020.6.20) 20 JUN 2020 19:28
restricted system commands enabled.
**document.tex
(./document.tex
LaTeX2e <2020-02-02> patch level 5
Lua module: luaotfload-main 2020-05-06 3.14 luaotfload entry point
Lua module: luaotfload-init 2020-05-06 3.14 luaotfload submodule / initializatio
n
Lua module: lualibs 2020-05-01 2.71 ConTeXt Lua standard libraries.
Lua module: lualibs-extended 2020-05-01 2.71 ConTeXt Lua libraries -- extended c
ollection.
Lua module: luaotfload-log 2020-05-06 3.14 luaotfload submodule / logging
我的两台运行 Windows 10 的机器都出现了这个问题。到目前为止，我已尝试使用 Tex Live Manager 更新我的软件包并重新安装 Tex Live 2020。
运行luaotfload-tool -u -vvv收益：
luaotfload | util : Task completed successfully.
luaotfload | db : Updating the font names database.
luaotfload | db : Font names database loaded from C:/texlive/2020/texmf-var/luatex-cache/generic-dev/names/luaotfload-names.luc
luaotfload | db : Loading took 20 ms.
luaotfload | db : Blacklisted file "spltfgbd.ttf" via "c:/texlive/2020/texmf-dist/tex/luatex/luaotfload/luaotfload-blacklist.cnf".
luaotfload | db : Blacklisted file "spltfgbi.ttf" via "c:/texlive/2020/texmf-dist/tex/luatex/luaotfload/luaotfload-blacklist.cnf".
luaotfload | db : Blacklisted file "spltfgit.ttf" via "c:/texlive/2020/texmf-dist/tex/luatex/luaotfload/luaotfload-blacklist.cnf".
luaotfload | db : Blacklisted file "spltfgrg.ttf" via "c:/texlive/2020/texmf-dist/tex/luatex/luaotfload/luaotfload-blacklist.cnf".
luaotfload | db : Blacklisting 4 files and directories.
luaotfload | db : Whitelisting 0 files.
luaotfload | db : Scanning TEXMF and $OSFONTDIR for fonts...
luaotfload | db : Path "." matches $PWD ("c:/windows/system32"), skipping.
luaotfload | db : Path "." matches $PWD ("c:/windows/system32"), skipping.
luaotfload | db : Path "." matches $PWD ("c:/windows/system32"), skipping.
luaotfload | db : Path "." matches $PWD ("c:/windows/system32"), skipping.
luaotfload | db : Initiating scan of 954 directories.
luaotfload | db : Collected 5768 files.
luaotfload | db : Scanning system fonts...
luaotfload | db : Searching in static system directories...
luaotfload | db : Collected 387 files.
luaotfload | db : Scanning 6155 collected font files ...
luaotfload | db : Found 6155 font files; 0 new, 0 stale entries.
luaotfload | db : Creating filename map.
luaotfload | db : Analyzing families.
luaotfload | db : Analyzing shapes, weights, and styles.
luaotfload | db : Ordering design sizes.
luaotfload | db : Rebuilt in 11602 ms.
luaotfload | db : No new or removed fonts, skip saving to disk.
luaotfload | cache : Lookup cache saved.
luaotfload | cache : Lookup cache emptied.
luaotfload | db : Fonts in the database: 2535
luaotfload | util : Task completed successfully.