我正在尝试绘制一张图表，其中需要用虚线强调下图中的分区。有人能帮我一下吗？我该怎么做？
答案1
您可以使用 Geogebra 在 TikZ 中导出您的绘图，或者您可以轻松地使用马查正如这个例子所示，要非常耐心和专注地使用。
%% Compile and read me!
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{every picture/.style={line width=0.75pt}} %set default line width to 0.75pt
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=0.75pt,y=0.75pt,yscale=-1,xscale=1]
%uncomment if require: \path (0,300); %set diagram left start at 0, and has height of 300
%Shape: Circle [id:dp7927248797566291]
\draw [fill={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 } ,fill opacity=1 ] (144,110.5) .. controls (144,108.01) and (146.01,106) .. (148.5,106) .. controls (150.99,106) and (153,108.01) .. (153,110.5) .. controls (153,112.99) and (150.99,115) .. (148.5,115) .. controls (146.01,115) and (144,112.99) .. (144,110.5) -- cycle ;
%Shape: Circle [id:dp682370555115277]
\draw [fill={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 } ,fill opacity=1 ] (166,60.5) .. controls (166,58.01) and (168.01,56) .. (170.5,56) .. controls (172.99,56) and (175,58.01) .. (175,60.5) .. controls (175,62.99) and (172.99,65) .. (170.5,65) .. controls (168.01,65) and (166,62.99) .. (166,60.5) -- cycle ;
%Shape: Circle [id:dp03201160866261832]
\draw [fill={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 } ,fill opacity=1 ] (336,60.5) .. controls (336,58.01) and (338.01,56) .. (340.5,56) .. controls (342.99,56) and (345,58.01) .. (345,60.5) .. controls (345,62.99) and (342.99,65) .. (340.5,65) .. controls (338.01,65) and (336,62.99) .. (336,60.5) -- cycle ;
%Shape: Circle [id:dp9854929240988808]
\draw [fill={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 } ,fill opacity=1 ] (355,110.5) .. controls (355,108.01) and (357.01,106) .. (359.5,106) .. controls (361.99,106) and (364,108.01) .. (364,110.5) .. controls (364,112.99) and (361.99,115) .. (359.5,115) .. controls (357.01,115) and (355,112.99) .. (355,110.5) -- cycle ;
%Straight Lines [id:da11166524774941577]
\draw (170.5,60.5) -- (337.5,60.5) ;
%Shape: Circle [id:dp8943585411870774]
\draw [fill={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 } ,fill opacity=1 ] (216,190.5) .. controls (216,188.01) and (218.01,186) .. (220.5,186) .. controls (222.99,186) and (225,188.01) .. (225,190.5) .. controls (225,192.99) and (222.99,195) .. (220.5,195) .. controls (218.01,195) and (216,192.99) .. (216,190.5) -- cycle ;
%Shape: Circle [id:dp6681469354354261]
\draw [fill={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 } ,fill opacity=1 ] (283,190.5) .. controls (283,188.01) and (285.01,186) .. (287.5,186) .. controls (289.99,186) and (292,188.01) .. (292,190.5) .. controls (292,192.99) and (289.99,195) .. (287.5,195) .. controls (285.01,195) and (283,192.99) .. (283,190.5) -- cycle ;
%Straight Lines [id:da8629800216297543]
\draw (148.5,110.5) -- (359.5,110.5) ;
%Straight Lines [id:da6313996768798253]
\draw (359.5,110.5) -- (287.5,190.5) ;
%Straight Lines [id:da7883856995250305]
\draw (340.5,60.5) -- (220.5,190.5) ;
%Straight Lines [id:da4476925836739323]
\draw (170.5,60.5) -- (287.5,190.5) ;
%Straight Lines [id:da5855974142654277]
\draw (148.5,110.5) -- (220.5,190.5) ;
%Shape: Ellipse [id:dp581159951498766]
\draw [dash pattern={on 4.5pt off 4.5pt}] (175.99,44.95) .. controls (186.29,48.96) and (187.53,70.42) .. (178.77,92.88) .. controls (170.02,115.34) and (154.58,130.29) .. (144.29,126.28) .. controls (134,122.26) and (132.75,100.81) .. (141.51,78.35) .. controls (150.26,55.89) and (165.7,40.94) .. (175.99,44.95) -- cycle ;
%Shape: Ellipse [id:dp7393747619154876]
\draw [dash pattern={on 4.5pt off 4.5pt}] (338.89,43.28) .. controls (327.78,46.26) and (323.83,67.55) .. (330.06,90.83) .. controls (336.29,114.11) and (350.36,130.58) .. (361.47,127.6) .. controls (372.58,124.63) and (376.53,103.34) .. (370.3,80.06) .. controls (364.06,56.77) and (350,40.31) .. (338.89,43.28) -- cycle ;
%Shape: Ellipse [id:dp4121965153815268]
\draw [dash pattern={on 4.5pt off 4.5pt}] (297.78,189.08) .. controls (297.66,200.12) and (278.03,208.87) .. (253.93,208.61) .. controls (229.82,208.35) and (210.38,199.19) .. (210.5,188.15) .. controls (210.62,177.1) and (230.25,168.36) .. (254.35,168.61) .. controls (278.46,168.87) and (297.9,178.03) .. (297.78,189.08) -- cycle ;
% Text Node
\draw (155,63.07) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] {$A$};
% Text Node
\draw (149,91.07) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] {$B$};
% Text Node
\draw (338,63.9) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] {$C$};
% Text Node
\draw (352.18,89.5) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] {$D$};
% Text Node
\draw (227,183.07) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] {$E$};
% Text Node
\draw (266,183.07) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] {$F$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
您可以使用以下方式轻松实现所需结果蒂克兹。我提出的建议不是最佳的，但可以让你得到想要的结果。它基于找到的答案这里它提供了一个宏，\ellipsebyfoci用于通过指定椭圆的两个焦点来绘制椭圆。您需要将绘制选项指定为第一个参数，将焦点指定为第二个和第三个参数，将偏心率指定为第四个参数。
示例代码：
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\newcommand\ellipsebyfoci[4]{% options, focus pt1, focus pt2, cste
\path[#1] let \p1=(#2), \p2=(#3), \p3=($(\p1)!.5!(\p2)$)
in \pgfextra{
\pgfmathsetmacro{\angle}{atan2(\y2-\y1,\x2-\x1)}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\focal}{veclen(\x2-\x1,\y2-\y1)/2/1cm}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\lentotcm}{\focal*2*#4}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\axeone}{(\lentotcm - 2 * \focal)/2+\focal}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\axetwo}{sqrt((\lentotcm/2)*(\lentotcm/2)-\focal*\focal}
}
(\p3) ellipse[x radius=\axeone cm,y radius=\axetwo cm, rotate=\angle];
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\coordinate (a) at (-4.5, 1);
\coordinate (b) at (-3.5, 3);
\coordinate (c) at (3.5, 3);
\coordinate (d) at (4.5, 1);
\coordinate (e) at (-1.5, -3);
\coordinate (f) at (1.5, -3);
\draw (a) -- (d) -- (f) -- (b) -- (c) -- (e) -- cycle;
\foreach \x/\y/\z in {a/above left/A,b/above left/B,c/above right/C,d/above right/D,e/below/E,f/below/F}{
\fill[blue] (\x) circle (0.1);
\node[blue, \y] at (\x) {\z};
}
\ellipsebyfoci{draw, dashed}{a}{b}{1.5}
\ellipsebyfoci{draw, dashed}{c}{d}{1.5}
\ellipsebyfoci{draw, dashed}{e}{f}{1.3}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
产量：
