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绘制控制图

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绘制控制图

我想画一个这样的图表。你能帮我吗？ 在此处输入图片描述

答案1

尽管我发表了评论，但我还是快速尝试了您的问题。以下是使用 TikZ 的可能解决方案：

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{calc}
    \usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
    \usetikzlibrary{fit}

\begin{document}
    
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    
        \tikzset{%
            block/.style = {%
                rectangle,
                draw,
                align = center  
            }
        }
    
        \node[block] (pid) at (0, 0) {PID\\Controller};
        \node[
            block,
            right of      = pid,
            node distance = 3cm
        ] (plant) {Plant};
        \node[
            block,
            draw = none,
            below right of = plant,
            node distance = 2cm
        ] (obj) {Objective\\evaluation};
        \node[
            block,
            draw = none,
            below left of = pid,
            node distance = 2cm
        ] (param) {PID\\parameters};
        
        \coordinate (mid) at ($(pid)!0.5!(plant)$);
        
        \node[
            block,
            below of = mid,
            node distance = 3cm
        ] (opt) {Stochastic optimization\\techniques};
    
        \draw[-Latex] (pid.east) -- (plant.west);
        \draw[-Latex] (plant.east) -| (obj.north);
        \draw[-Latex] (obj.south) |- (opt.east);
        \draw[-Latex] (opt.west) -| (param.south);
        \draw[-Latex] (param.north) |- (pid.west);
        
        \node[
            rectangle,
            above of = mid,
            node distance = 1cm
        ] (sim) {System's simulation};
        
        \node[
            rectangle,
            draw,
            dashed,
            fit = {(pid) (sim) (plant)}
        ] {};
    
    \end{tikzpicture}
    
\end{document}

得到：

在此处输入图片描述

不过，我真的鼓励你看看蒂克兹文档，以备将来的问题。如果你想根据自己的需求调整我提出的建议，请务必查看蒂克兹文档。

答案2

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[]{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,arrows,calc,math,shapes,arrows.meta,backgrounds,positioning}

\begin{document}
 \begin{tikzpicture}[
terminal/.style={
                rectangle,
                minimum size=1cm,
                text width=2cm,
                align=center,
                very thick,
                draw=red!50!black!50, % 50% red and 50% black,
                top color=white, % a shading that is white at the top...
                bottom color=red!50!black!20, % and something else at the bottom
                font=\itshape
                 }]
\tikzstyle{myarrows}=[line width=1mm,
                      draw=blue,
                      -triangle 45,
                      postaction={draw, 
                                  line width=3mm, 
                                  shorten >=4mm, -}]

\matrix[row sep=8mm,column sep=12mm] {
     &  \node [terminal](p1) {PID\\ Controller}; 
        &
            & \node [terminal](p2) {Plant}; \\
    & 
        & \node [terminal] (p3){Stochastic Optimization Techniques};&\\
};

\draw [myarrows]                            (p1)--(p2);
\coordinate [left=1cm of p1.west]           (p){};
\draw [myarrows]                            (p2.east)--++(1cm,0)|-  
                                    node[
                                    near start,
                                    fill=white,
                                    align=center
                                    ] 
                                    {\scriptsize $Objective$\\\scriptsize $ 
                                    Evaluation$} 
                                    (p3.east);
\draw [myarrows]                    (p3.west)-| 
                                             node[
                                                 near end,
                                                 fill=white,
                                                 align=center
                                                 ] 
                                    {\scriptsize $PID$\\ \scriptsize $Parameters$}(p)- 
                                    -(p1);

\draw[dashed, ultra thick]
            (155:5cm)--++
            (0,-2cm)--++
            (10cm,0cm)--++
            (0,2cm)--
            node[
                below,
                fill=white
                ] 
                {\scriptsize $System Simulation$} 
            (155:5cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

编辑——黑白答案——没有美化

在此处输入图片描述

平均能量损失

\documentclass[]{article}

\usepackage{tikz, tkz-euclide}%  permet de dessiner des figures, des graphiques
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,arrows,calc,math,shapes,arrows.meta,backgrounds,positioning}

\begin{document}

 \begin{tikzpicture}[
terminal/.style={
                rectangle,
                minimum size=1cm,
                text width=2.2cm,
                align=center,
                very thick,
                draw,
                }
                    ]
\tikzstyle{myarrows}=[
                        line width=2pt,
                        draw,
                        -latex,
                        ]

\matrix[
        row sep=4cm,
        column sep=12mm
        ] 
        {%
        &\node [terminal](p1) {PID\\ Controller}; 
        &%
        &\node [terminal](p2) {Plant};                                  \\
            & 
            & \node [terminal] (p3){Stochastic Optimization Techniques};
            &                                                           \\
        };

\draw [myarrows]                            (p1)--(p2)  ;
\coordinate [left=1cm of p1.west]           (p){}       ;
\draw [myarrows]                            (p2.east)--
                                            ++(1cm,0)|-  
                                    node[
                                        near start,
                                        fill=white,
                                        align=center
                                        ] 
                                    { Objective\\ Evaluation} 
                                            (p3.east);
\draw [myarrows]                            (p3.west)-| 
                                    node[
                                        near end,
                                        fill=white,
                                        align=center
                                        ] 
                                    {PID\\ Parameters}(p)--
                                            (p1);

\draw[
        dashed, red,
        ultra thick
        ]
            ($(p1.west)+(-.5,2)$)--
            node[
                below,
                fill=white
                ] 
            {System Simulation}
            ++(10.6,0)--
            ++(0,-3)  -| 
            ($(p1.west)+(-.5,2)$)
;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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