我正在尝试制作如下表格：
这是我当前的代码：
\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article}
%Tables
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{tabu}
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\titleformat{\section}
{\normalfont\large\bfseries}{\thesection}{1em}{}
\titleformat{\subsection}
{\normalfont\large\bfseries}{\thesubsection}{1em}{}
\begin{document}
\hline
\multirow{3}{4em}{\center{Time elapsed (s) $\pm$1s}} & \multicolumn{9}{|c|}{Volume of gas produced (cm$^3$) $\pm$1cm$^3$}\\\cline{2-10}
& \multicolumn{3}{|P{9em}|}{0.42mol/dm$^3$ C$_2$H$_4$O$_2$ and 0.4mol/dm$^3$ of NaHCO3} & \multicolumn{3}{|P{9em}|}{0.42mol/dm$^3$ C$_2$H$_4$O$_2$ and 0.4mol/dm$^3$ of NaHCO3} & \multicolumn{3}{|P{9em}|}{0.84mol/dm$^3$ C$_2$H$_4$O$_2$ and 0.8mol/dm$^3$ of NaHCO$_3$}\\\cline{2-10}
& Trial 1 & Trial 2 & Trial 3 & Trial 1 & Trial 2 & Trial 3 & Trial 1 & Trial 2 & Trial 3\\
\hline
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
\hline
15 & 20 & 22 & 18 & 25 & 15 & 17 & 5 & 5 & 6\\
\hline
30& 27& 29& 25& 31& 25& 22& 8& 8& 8\\
\hline
45& 32& 33& 29& 35& 32& 28& 10& 11& 11\\
\hline
60& 35& 36& 33& 38& 38& 34& 12& 13 12\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{document}
大部分都是好的，但是多列的居中是关闭的，我不确定如何修复它，左上角的多行也是如此。
答案1
您的文档示例存在一些问题，例如：
- 它不完整（缺少“\begin{tabular}
- 表格太大，无法容纳文本宽度（在下面的 MWE 中增加了文本宽度并减小了字体大小）
- 对于化学公式来说，使用这个
mhchem包是明智的 - 对于带有数字的单位和列，使用该
siunitx包很方便
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[a4paper, margin=25mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{makecell, multirow, tabularx}
\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{xparse}
\NewExpandableDocumentCommand\mcc{O{1}m}
{\multicolumn{#1}{c|}{#2}}
\NewExpandableDocumentCommand\mcx{O{1}m}
{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X|}{#2}}
%---------------- show page layout. don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%---------------------------------------------------------------%
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htb]
\caption{My wide table}
\label{tab:wide}
\footnotesize
\setlength\tabcolsep{1pt}
\setcellgapes{3pt}
\makegapedcells
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{|*{10}{S[table-format=2.0]|}}
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{|X|}{{\multirow{5}{=}{\centering Time elapsed\\ \si{s \pm 1 s}}}}
& \mcc[9]{Volume of gas produced (\si{cm^3 \pm 1cm^3})} \\
\cline{2-10}
& \mcc[3]{\makecell{\SI{0.42}{mol/dm^3} \ce{C2H4O2} and\\ \SI{0.4}{mol/dm^3} of \ce{NaHCO3}}}
& \mcc[3]{\makecell{\SI{0.42}{mol/dm^3} \ce{C2H4O2} and\\ \SI{0.4}{mol/dm^3} of \ce{NaHCO3}}}
& \mcc[3]{\makecell{\SI{0.84}{mol/dm^3} \ce{C2H4O2} and\\ \SI{0.8}{mol/dm^3} of \ce{NaHCO3}}}\\
\cline{2-10}
& \mcx{Trial 1}
& \mcx{Trial 2}
& \mcx{Trial 3}
& \mcx{Trial 1}
& \mcx{Trial 2}
& \mcx{Trial 3}
& \mcx{Trial 1}
& \mcx{Trial 2}
& \mcx{Trial 3} \\
\hline
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
\hline
15 & 20 & 22 & 18 & 25 & 15 & 17 & 5 & 5 & 6\\
\hline
30 & 27 & 29 & 25 & 31 & 25 & 22 & 8 & 8 & 8\\
\hline
45 & 32 & 33 & 29 & 35 & 32 & 28 & 10 & 11 & 11\\
\hline
60 & 35 & 36 & 33 & 38 & 38 & 34 & 12 & 13 & 12\\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}
（红线显示部分页面布局）
答案2
以下是 Zarko 答案的变体。除了{tabularx}，您还可以{NiceTabular}使用nicematrix。
hvlines由于您只需指定密钥即可获得所有预期的规则，因此规则更加简单。
但是，没有列类型X，{NiceTabular}这就是为什么我要计算列的宽度，\colwith以便表格完全适合\textwidth。
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[a4paper, margin=25mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{nicematrix}
\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\begin{document}
\NiceMatrixOptions{cell-space-limits=3pt}
\begin{table}[htb]
\caption{My wide table}
\footnotesize
\setlength\tabcolsep{0pt}
% We compute the width of the columns to fit in \textwidth
\newlength{\colwidth}
\setlength{\colwidth}{(\textwidth-11\arrayrulewidth)/10}
\begin{NiceTabular}{*{10}{S[table-format=2.0]}}[hvlines,columns-width = \colwidth]
\Block{3-1}{Time\\ elapsed\\ \unit{s} $\pm$ \qty{1}{s}}
& \Block{1-9}{Volume of gas produced (\unit{cm^3} $\pm$ \qty{1}{cm^3})} \\
& \Block{1-3}{\qty{0.42}{mol/dm^3} \ce{C2H4O2} and\\ \qty{0.4}{mol/dm^3} of \ce{NaHCO3}} &&
& \Block{1-3}{\qty{0.42}{mol/dm^3} \ce{C2H4O2} and\\ \qty{0.4}{mol/dm^3} of \ce{NaHCO3}} &&
& \Block{1-3}{\qty{0.84}{mol/dm^3} \ce{C2H4O2} and\\ \qty{0.8}{mol/dm^3} of \ce{NaHCO3}} \\
\RowStyle{\bfseries}
& {Trial 1}
& {Trial 2}
& {Trial 3}
& {Trial 1}
& {Trial 2}
& {Trial 3}
& {Trial 1}
& {Trial 2}
& {Trial 3} \\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
15 & 20 & 22 & 18 & 25 & 15 & 17 & 5 & 5 & 6\\
30 & 27 & 29 & 25 & 31 & 25 & 22 & 8 & 8 & 8\\
45 & 32 & 33 & 29 & 35 & 32 & 28 & 10 & 11 & 11\\
60 & 35 & 36 & 33 & 38 & 38 & 34 & 12 & 13 & 12\\
\end{NiceTabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案3
如果你坚持使用垂直和水平规则、垂直和水平跨越单元格等，你应该看看这个包卡路里. 设置起来非常简单。
此外，我还使用了KOMA 脚本类，因为它具有合理的边距和更改标题的内部命令。
我设置的方式calstable，它可能跨越多个页面。它不是浮动的，我使用
\captionaboveof{table}{My wide table\label{tab:wide}}
以获得正确格式的标题。-\label命令位于 caption 命令内部，因此不会丢失。
最好的办法当然是废除大部分的规则，使用书签以及用于对行和列进行分组的额外间距，使表格更具可读性。
\documentclass[british, DIV=12, captions=tableheading]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{cals, url}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\let\nc=\nullcell % Shortcuts
\let\sc=\spancontent
\addtokomafont{caption}{\sffamily\bfseries\small}
\setkomafont{captionlabel}{\normalfont}
\begin{document}
\bigskip
\begin{calstable}[c]
\captionaboveof{table}{My wide table\label{tab:wide}}
% Defining columns relative to each other and relative to the margins
\colwidths{{\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/10\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/10\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/10\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/10\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/10\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/10\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/10\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/10\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/10\relax}
{\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/10\relax}
}
% The tabular fills the text area if sum of all columns is 10
% Set up the tabular
\makeatletter
\def\cals@framers@width{0.8pt} % Outside frame rules, reduce if the rule is too heavy
\def\cals@framecs@width{0.4pt}
\def\cals@bodyrs@width{0.6pt}
\def\cals@cs@width{0.4pt} % Inside rules, reduce if the rule is too heavy
\def\cals@rs@width{0.6pt}
\def\cals@bgcolor{}
\setlength{\cals@paddingL}{3.2pt}
\setlength{\cals@paddingR}{3.2pt}
% R1H1
\thead{\sffamily\small% The first 3 rows are heading and vill be repeated on every page
\brow
\nc{lrt}
\nc{ltb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{rtb}\alignC\sc{Volume of gas produced (\si{cm^3 \pm 1cm^3})}
\erow
%R2H2
\brow
\nc{lr}
\nc{ltb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{rtb}\sc{\SI{0.42}{mol/dm^3} \ce{C2H4O2} and \SI{0.4}{mol/dm^3} of \ce{NaHCO3}}
\nc{ltb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{rtb}\sc{\SI{0.42}{mol/dm^3} \ce{C2H4O2} and\\ \SI{0.4}{mol/dm^3} of \ce{NaHCO3}}
\nc{ltb}
\nc{tb}
\nc{rtb}\sc{\SI{0.84}{mol/dm^3} \ce{C2H4O2} and\\ \SI{0.8}{mol/dm^3} of \ce{NaHCO3}}
\erow
%R3H3
\brow
\nc{lrb}\alignC\sc{\vfil Time elapsed \si{s \pm 1 s}}
\bfseries\cell{Trial 1}
\cell{Trial 2}
\cell{Trial 3}
\cell{Trial 1}
\cell{Trial 2}
\cell{Trial 3}
\cell{Trial 1}
\cell{Trial 2}
\cell{Trial 3}\normalfont
\erow
}
\tfoot{\lastrule\strut}
%R4B1
\brow
\cell{15}
\cell{20}
\cell{22}
\cell{18}
\cell{25}
\cell{15}
\cell{17}
\cell{5}
\cell{5}
\cell{6}
\erow
%R5B2
\brow
\cell{30}
\cell{27}
\cell{29}
\cell{25}
\cell{31}
\cell{25}
\cell{22}
\cell{8}
\cell{8}
\cell{8}
\erow
%R6B3
\brow
\cell{45}
\cell{32}
\cell{33}
\cell{29}
\cell{35}
\cell{32}
\cell{28}
\cell{10}
\cell{11}
\cell{11}
\erow
%R7B4
\brow
\cell{60}
\cell{35}
\cell{36}
\cell{33}
\cell{38}
\cell{38}
\cell{34}
\cell{12}
\cell{13}
\cell{12}
\erow
%R8B5
\brow
\cell{75}
\cell{38}
\cell{38}
\cell{36}
\cell{41}
\cell{42}
\cell{38}
\cell{14}
\cell{15}
\cell{14}
\erow
%R9B6
\brow
\cell{90}
\cell{41}
\cell{42}
\cell{38}
\cell{43}
\cell{46}
\cell{42}
\cell{15}
\cell{17}
\cell{16}
\erow
%R10B7
\brow
\cell{105}
\cell{42}
\cell{44}
\cell{41}
\cell{44}
\cell{50}
\cell{46}
\cell{16}
\cell{19}
\cell{17}
\erow
%R11B8
\brow
\cell{120}
\cell{44}
\cell{45}
\cell{43}
\cell{46}
\cell{53}
\cell{48}
\cell{18}
\cell{21}
\cell{18}
\erow
%R12B9
\brow
\cell{135}
\cell{46}
\cell{47}
\cell{44}
\cell{47}
\cell{55}
\cell{51}
\cell{18}
\cell{22}
\cell{20}
\erow
%R13B10
\brow
\cell{150}
\cell{48}
\cell{49}
\cell{46}
\cell{49}
\cell{58}
\cell{54}
\cell{19}
\cell{24}
\cell{22}
\erow
%R14B11
\brow
\cell{165}
\cell{50}
\cell{51}
\cell{47}
\cell{50}
\cell{60}
\cell{56}
\cell{20}
\cell{25}
\cell{23}
\erow
%R15B12
\brow
\cell{180}
\cell{51}
\cell{52}
\cell{49}
\cell{51}
\cell{61}
\cell{58}
\cell{21}
\cell{26}
\cell{25}
\erow
\makeatletter
\end{calstable}
\end{document}