如何绘制两个相邻的物体？

Question

我如何绘制两个相邻的立方体？我的意思是两个像这样但彼此相邻的立方体：

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{calc}
    \usetikzlibrary{patterns}

\begin{document}
    
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    
        \foreach \n/\x/\l/\p in{
            1/{(0, 4)}/{$1$}/left,
            2/{(4, 4)}/{$2$}/south west,
            3/{(0, 0)}/{$3$}/below,
            4/{(4, 0)}/{$4$}/below,
            5/{(0.8, 4.8)}/{$5$}/above,
            6/{(4.8, 4.8)}/{$6$}/above,
            7/{(.8, 1)}/{$7$}/south east,
            8/{(4.8, 1)}/{$8$}/right
        }{
            \node[inner sep=2pt,circle,draw,fill,label={\p:\l}] (\n) at \x {};
        }
        \draw (1) -- (2) -- (4) -- (3) -- cycle;
        \draw (1) -- (2) -- (6) -- (5) -- cycle;
        \draw (2) -- (4) -- (8) -- (6) -- cycle;
        \draw (3) -- (1) -- (5);
        \draw[dashed] (5) -- (7) -- (3);
        \draw[dashed] (7) -- (8);
        
        \draw[pattern=north west lines] ($(1)!0.5!(3)$) -- ($(5)!0.5!(7)$) -- ($(6)!0.5!(8)$) -- ($(2)!0.5!(4)$) -- cycle;
        
        \node (a1) at ($(3)!0.5!(4) - (0,0.5)$) {$1\rightarrow3$};
        \node (a2) at ($(a1) - (0,0.5)$) {$5\rightarrow7$};
        \node (a3) at ($(a2) - (0,0.5)$) {$6\rightarrow8$};
        \node (a4) at ($(a3) - (0,0.5)$) {$2\rightarrow4$};
    
    \end{tikzpicture}
    
\end{document}

Answer 1

一种“强力”方法是重复所有代码，在相同的 内tikzpicture，但增加所有 x 坐标。虽然这很不方便，但使用起来更容易

\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm]
<code for cube>
\end{scope}

第三种选择可能是使用两个tikzpicture环境，一个紧接着一个。下面我使用了这种scope方法。

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{calc}
    \usetikzlibrary{patterns}

\begin{document}
    
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    
        \foreach \n/\x/\l/\p in{
            1/{(0, 4)}/{$1$}/left,
            2/{(4, 4)}/{$2$}/south west,
            3/{(0, 0)}/{$3$}/below,
            4/{(4, 0)}/{$4$}/below,
            5/{(0.8, 4.8)}/{$5$}/above,
            6/{(4.8, 4.8)}/{$6$}/above,
            7/{(.8, 1)}/{$7$}/south east,
            8/{(4.8, 1)}/{$8$}/right
        }{
            \node[inner sep=2pt,circle,draw,fill,label={\p:\l}] (\n) at \x {};
        }
        \draw (1) -- (2) -- (4) -- (3) -- cycle;
        \draw (1) -- (2) -- (6) -- (5) -- cycle;
        \draw (2) -- (4) -- (8) -- (6) -- cycle;
        \draw (3) -- (1) -- (5);
        \draw[dashed] (5) -- (7) -- (3);
        \draw[dashed] (7) -- (8);
        
        \draw[pattern=north west lines] ($(1)!0.5!(3)$) -- ($(5)!0.5!(7)$) -- ($(6)!0.5!(8)$) -- ($(2)!0.5!(4)$) -- cycle;
        
        \node (a1) at ($(3)!0.5!(4) - (0,0.5)$) {$1\rightarrow3$};
        \node (a2) at ($(a1) - (0,0.5)$) {$5\rightarrow7$};
        \node (a3) at ($(a2) - (0,0.5)$) {$6\rightarrow8$};
        \node (a4) at ($(a3) - (0,0.5)$) {$2\rightarrow4$};
        
    
    \begin{scope}[xshift=6cm]
        
        \foreach \n/\x/\l/\p in{
            1/{(0, 4)}/{$1$}/left,
            2/{(4, 4)}/{$2$}/south west,
            3/{(0, 0)}/{$3$}/below,
            4/{(4, 0)}/{$4$}/below,
            5/{(0.8, 4.8)}/{$5$}/above,
            6/{(4.8, 4.8)}/{$6$}/above,
            7/{(.8, 1)}/{$7$}/south east,
            8/{(4.8, 1)}/{$8$}/right
        }{
            \node[inner sep=2pt,circle,draw,fill,label={\p:\l}] (\n) at \x {};
        }
        \draw (1) -- (2) -- (4) -- (3) -- cycle;
        \draw (1) -- (2) -- (6) -- (5) -- cycle;
        \draw (2) -- (4) -- (8) -- (6) -- cycle;
        \draw (3) -- (1) -- (5);
        \draw[dashed] (5) -- (7) -- (3);
        \draw[dashed] (7) -- (8);
        
        \draw[pattern=north west lines] ($(1)!0.5!(3)$) -- ($(5)!0.5!(7)$) -- ($(6)!0.5!(8)$) -- ($(2)!0.5!(4)$) -- cycle;
        
        \node (a1) at ($(3)!0.5!(4) - (0,0.5)$) {$1\rightarrow3$};
        \node (a2) at ($(a1) - (0,0.5)$) {$5\rightarrow7$};
        \node (a3) at ($(a2) - (0,0.5)$) {$6\rightarrow8$};
        \node (a4) at ($(a3) - (0,0.5)$) {$2\rightarrow4$};
    
    \end{scope}
    
    \end{tikzpicture}
    
\end{document}

Answer 2

您还可以使用保存盒或图片。

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{calc}
    \usetikzlibrary{patterns}
    
\newsavebox{\tempbox}

\begin{document}

 \savebox{\tempbox}{\begin{tikzpicture}
    
        \foreach \n/\x/\l/\p in{
            1/{(0, 4)}/{$1$}/left,
            2/{(4, 4)}/{$2$}/south west,
            3/{(0, 0)}/{$3$}/below,
            4/{(4, 0)}/{$4$}/below,
            5/{(0.8, 4.8)}/{$5$}/above,
            6/{(4.8, 4.8)}/{$6$}/above,
            7/{(.8, 1)}/{$7$}/south east,
            8/{(4.8, 1)}/{$8$}/right
        }{
            \node[inner sep=2pt,circle,draw,fill,label={\p:\l}] (\n) at \x {};
        }
        \draw (1) -- (2) -- (4) -- (3) -- cycle;
        \draw (1) -- (2) -- (6) -- (5) -- cycle;
        \draw (2) -- (4) -- (8) -- (6) -- cycle;
        \draw (3) -- (1) -- (5);
        \draw[dashed] (5) -- (7) -- (3);
        \draw[dashed] (7) -- (8);
        
        \draw[pattern=north west lines] ($(1)!0.5!(3)$) -- ($(5)!0.5!(7)$) -- ($(6)!0.5!(8)$) -- ($(2)!0.5!(4)$) -- cycle;
        
        \node (a1) at ($(3)!0.5!(4) - (0,0.5)$) {$1\rightarrow3$};
        \node (a2) at ($(a1) - (0,0.5)$) {$5\rightarrow7$};
        \node (a3) at ($(a2) - (0,0.5)$) {$6\rightarrow8$};
        \node (a4) at ($(a3) - (0,0.5)$) {$2\rightarrow4$};
    
\end{tikzpicture}}%
\usebox{\tempbox}\quad\usebox{\tempbox}\quad\usebox{\tempbox}
    
\end{document}