用于绘制彩色水平矩形堆栈的宏

Question

我有一个项目需要许多如图所示的绘图，其中有按长度颜色编码的水平矩形堆栈（例如，所有正方形都是白色，所有 1 x 2 矩形都是红色，就像 Cuisenaire 棒一样）。我使用 \put 和 \framebox 以非常直接的方式对其进行了编码，如果使用 TikZ 会很高兴得到答案。理想情况下，像这样的图片的输入不会比长度列表多太多，即 {{4},{3,2},{2,3},{1,4}} 和 {{1,3,1},{1,2,2},{1,1,3}}。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{color}

\begin{document}

\begingroup
\setlength{\unitlength}{.5cm}
\begin{picture}(10,5)
\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}
\thicklines
\put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{\framebox(1,1){}}}  \put(1,0){\colorbox[rgb]{.75,0,1}{\framebox(4,1){}}}
\put(0,1){\colorbox{red}{\framebox(2,1){}}}  \put(2,1){\colorbox{green}{\framebox(3,1){}}}
\put(0,2){\colorbox{green}{\framebox(3,1){}}}  \put(3,2){\colorbox{red}{\framebox(2,1){}}}
\put(0,3){\colorbox[rgb]{.75,0,1}{\framebox(4,1){}}} 
\put(6,0){\colorbox{white}{\framebox(1,1){}}}  \put(7,0){\colorbox{white}{\framebox(1,1){}}}  \put(8,0){\colorbox{green}{\framebox(3,1){}}}
\put(6,1){\colorbox{white}{\framebox(1,1){}}}  \put(7,1){\colorbox{red}{\framebox(2,1){}}}  \put(9,1){\colorbox{red}{\framebox(2,1){}}}
\put(6,2){\colorbox{white}{\framebox(1,1){}}}  \put(7,2){\colorbox{green}{\framebox(3,1){}}}  \put(10,2){\colorbox{white}{\framebox(1,1){}}} 
\end{picture}
\endgroup

\end{document}

Answer 1

这是一个相当简短的蒂克兹解决方案使用嵌套语句来解析以逗号分隔的矩形长度列表，从而构造彩色矩形\foreach。使用下面两行代码

\ColouredRectangles{{4},{3,2},{2,3},{1,4}}    \qquad
\ColouredRectangles[ultra thick]{{1,3,1},{1,2,2},{1,1,3}}

生成矩形：

矩形的着色有点巧妙，因为这是使用以下方法完成的蒂克兹样式：

\tikzset{
   rectangle 1/.style = {fill=white},
   rectangle 2/.style = {fill=red},
   rectangle 3/.style = {fill=green},
   rectangle 4/.style = {fill=violet},
}

在绘制每个矩形时，根据矩形的长度设置其样式，赋予其适当的颜色rectangle <length>。

完整代码如下：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\tikzset{
   % the rectangle size sets the style and hence the fill
   rectangle 1/.style = {fill=white},
   rectangle 2/.style = {fill=red},
   rectangle 3/.style = {fill=green},
   rectangle 4/.style = {fill=violet},
}

\newcommand\ColouredRectangles[2][]{%
  \begin{tikzpicture}[#1]
    \foreach \row [count=\rc] in {#2} {% loop through rows
      \xdef\offset{0} % need to remember how far we have drawn so far
      \foreach \col in \row {% loop through columns
         \draw[rectangle \col] (\offset,-\rc) rectangle ++ (\col, -1);
         \xdef\offset{\numexpr\offset+\col\relax}
      }
    }
  \end{tikzpicture}%
}

\begin{document}

    \ColouredRectangles{{4},{3,2},{2,3},{1,4}}    \qquad
    \ColouredRectangles[ultra thick]{{1,3,1},{1,2,2},{1,1,3}}

\end{document}

如第二个示例所示，该\ColouredRectangles命令接受一个可选参数来设置底层tikzpicture环境的样式。

Answer 2

与。expl3​tikz

命令

• \fancyblock接收一个二维数组来构造块。填充颜色默认是随机的（使用random=false来更改它），您可以通过 设置路径样式[<style>]或通过 快速设置填充颜色|<color>|。

\fancyblock[
  at={(8, 0)}, name=b, random=false,
  transpose, y=0.5cm,
  block={
    very thick,
    line width=1pt,
    draw=teal,
  }
]{
  {2, 1, 1},
  {1, [fill=red]2, |green|1},
  {1, 3, {[line width=2pt, draw=black]|teal|1}}
}

• \randomblock接收一个 1 维数组来绘制随机块，每行的长度为数组的对应元素。

\randomblock{4, 5, 4}

• \randomrectangle接收两个数字，分别是由多个随机块组成的矩形的宽度和高度。

\randomrectangle{4}{7}

完整代码

\documentclass[tikz, border=1cm]{standalone}
\usepackage{xparse}

\ExplSyntaxOn
\makeatletter

\tl_new:N   \l__at_tl
\tl_new:N   \l__name_tl
\tl_new:N   \l__anchor_tl
\tl_new:N   \l__block_style_tl
\dim_new:N  \l__block_wd_dim
\dim_new:N  \l__x_coor_dim
\dim_new:N  \l__y_coor_dim
\dim_new:N  \l__block_x_unit_dim
\dim_new:N  \l__block_y_unit_dim
\int_new:N  \l__remain_int
\int_new:N  \l__temp_int
\bool_new:N \l__random_bool
\bool_new:N \l__transpose_bool

\keys_define:nn { fancyblock }
  {
    at          . tl_set:N   = \l__at_tl,
    name        . tl_set:N   = \l__name_tl,
    random      . bool_set:N = \l__random_bool,
    random      . default:n  = true,
    transpose   . bool_set:N = \l__transpose_bool,
    transpose   . default:n  = true,
    x           . dim_set:N  = \l__block_x_unit_dim,
    y           . dim_set:N  = \l__block_y_unit_dim,
    unit        . code:n     =
      {
        \dim_set:Nn \l__block_x_unit_dim { #1 }
        \dim_set:Nn \l__block_y_unit_dim { #1 }
      },
    block       . code:n     =
      {
        \tl_put_right:Nn \l__block_style_tl { ,#1 }
      },
    anchor      . choice:,
    anchor / l  . code:n     = { \tl_set:Nn \l__anchor_tl { west } },
    anchor / r  . code:n     = { \tl_set:Nn \l__anchor_tl { east } },
    anchor / t  . code:n     = { \tl_set:Nn \l__anchor_tl { north } },
    anchor / b  . code:n     = { \tl_set:Nn \l__anchor_tl { south } },
    anchor / lb . code:n     = { \tl_set:Nn \l__anchor_tl { south~west } },
    anchor / bl . code:n     = { \tl_set:Nn \l__anchor_tl { south~west } },
    anchor / lt . code:n     = { \tl_set:Nn \l__anchor_tl { north~west } },
    anchor / tl . code:n     = { \tl_set:Nn \l__anchor_tl { north~west } },
    anchor / rb . code:n     = { \tl_set:Nn \l__anchor_tl { south~east } },
    anchor / br . code:n     = { \tl_set:Nn \l__anchor_tl { south~east } },
    anchor / rt . code:n     = { \tl_set:Nn \l__anchor_tl { north~east } },
    anchor / tr . code:n     = { \tl_set:Nn \l__anchor_tl { north~east } },
  }

\NewDocumentCommand { \randomblock } { O{} m }
  {
    \generate_num_matrix:n { #2 }
    \fancyblock[#1]{\clist_use:Nn \l__matrix_clist {,}}
  }

\NewDocumentCommand { \randomrectangle } { O{} m m }
  {
    \seq_clear:N \l_tmpa_seq
    \int_step_inline:nn { #2 }
      {
        \seq_put_right:Nn \l_tmpa_seq { #3 }
      }
    \generate_num_matrix:x
      {
        \seq_use:Nn \l_tmpa_seq { , }
      }
    \fancyblock[#1]{\clist_use:Nn \l__matrix_clist {,}}
  }

\cs_new_protected:Nn \generate_num_matrix:n
  {
    \clist_clear_new:N \l__matrix_clist
    \clist_map_inline:nn { #1 }
      {
        \generate_num_seq:n { ##1 }
        \clist_put_right:Nx \l__matrix_clist
          {
            { { \clist_use:Nn \l__row_clist {,} } }
          }
      }
  }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \generate_num_matrix:n { x }

\cs_new_protected:Nn \generate_num_seq:n
  {
    \clist_clear_new:N \l__row_clist
    \int_set:Nn \l__remain_int { #1 }
    \int_while_do:nn { \l__remain_int > 0 }
      {
        \int_set:Nn \l__temp_int {
          \int_rand:n { \l__remain_int }
        }
        \int_add:Nn \l__remain_int { -\l__temp_int }
        \clist_put_right:Nx \l__row_clist { \int_use:N \l__temp_int }
      }
  }

\NewDocumentCommand { \fancyblock } { O{} m }
  {
    \tl_clear:N \l__block_style_tl
    \keys_set:nn { fancyblock }
      {
        at        = { (0, 0) },
        block     = { draw, thick },
        unit      = 1cm,
        transpose = false,
        anchor    = lb,
        name      = block,
        random,
        #1
      }
    \draw_block_matrix:x { #2 }
  }

\cs_new_protected:Nn \draw_block_matrix:n
  {
    \clist_set:Nn \l_tmpa_clist { #1 }
    \bool_if:NTF \l__transpose_bool
      {
        \dim_zero:N \l__x_coor_dim
      }
      {
        \dim_zero:N \l__y_coor_dim
        \clist_reverse:N \l_tmpa_clist
      }
    \matrix [anchor=\l__anchor_tl] (\l__name_tl) at \l__at_tl {
      \clist_map_inline:Nn \l_tmpa_clist
        {
          \draw_row:n { ##1 }
          \bool_if:NTF \l__transpose_bool
            {
              \dim_add:Nn \l__x_coor_dim { \l__block_x_unit_dim }
            }
            {
              \dim_add:Nn \l__y_coor_dim { \l__block_y_unit_dim }
            }
        }\\
    };
  }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \draw_block_matrix:n { x, v, f }

\cs_new_protected:Nn \draw_row:n
  {
    \bool_if:NTF \l__transpose_bool
      {
        \dim_zero:N \l__y_coor_dim
      }
      {
        \dim_zero:N \l__x_coor_dim
      }
    \clist_map_inline:nn { #1 }
      {
        \draw_block:n { ##1 }
      }
  }

\cs_new_protected:Nn \draw_block:n
  {
    \tl_clear_new:N \l__draw_block_tl
    \parse_args:n { #1 }
    \definecolor{random}{RGB}{
      \int_rand:n { 255 },
      \int_rand:n { 255 },
      \int_rand:n { 255 }
    }
    \tl_set:Nx \l_tmpb_tl
      {
        \bool_if:NTF \l__random_bool
          { fill=random }
          { }
      }
    \tl_set:Nx \l__draw_block_tl
      {
        \exp_not:N \path[
          \l__block_style_tl,
          \l_tmpb_tl,
          \seq_use:Nn \l__block_style_seq { , }]
          (\dim_use:N \l__x_coor_dim, \dim_use:N \l__y_coor_dim) --
        \bool_if:NTF \l__transpose_bool
          {
              ++(0, \dim_use:N \l__block_wd_dim) --
              ++(\dim_use:N \l__block_x_unit_dim, 0) --
              ++(0, \dim_eval:n { -\l__block_wd_dim }) -- cycle;
          }
          {
              ++(\dim_use:N \l__block_wd_dim, 0) --
              ++(0, \dim_use:N \l__block_y_unit_dim) --
              ++(\dim_eval:n { -\l__block_wd_dim }, 0) -- cycle;
          }
      }
    \tl_use:N \l__draw_block_tl
    \bool_if:NTF \l__transpose_bool
      {
        \dim_add:Nn \l__y_coor_dim { \l__block_wd_dim }
      }
      {
        \dim_add:Nn \l__x_coor_dim { \l__block_wd_dim }
      }
  }

\cs_new_protected:Nn \parse_args:n
  {
    \seq_clear_new:N \l__block_style_seq
    \fp_set:Nn \l__block_wd_fp { 1 }
    \parse_next_arg: #1\stop
  }

\cs_new_protected:Nn \parse_next_arg:
  {
    \peek_meaning_ignore_spaces:NTF [
      { \parse_style:w }
      {
        \peek_meaning_ignore_spaces:NTF |
          { \parse_fill:w }
          { \parse_len:w }
      }
  }

\cs_new_protected:Npn \parse_style:w [#1]
  {
    \seq_put_right:Nn \l__block_style_seq { #1 }
    \parse_next_arg:
  }

\cs_new_protected:Npn \parse_fill:w |#1|
  {
    \seq_put_right:Nn \l__block_style_seq { fill=#1 }
    \parse_next_arg:
  }

\cs_new_protected:Npn \parse_len:w #1\stop
  {
    \tikz@checkunit{#1}
    \legacy_if:nTF { tikz@isdimension }
      { \dim_set:Nn \l__block_wd_dim { #1 } }
      {
        \bool_if:NTF \l__transpose_bool
          {
            \dim_set:Nn \l__block_wd_dim { \l__block_y_unit_dim * #1 }
          }
          {
            \dim_set:Nn \l__block_wd_dim { \l__block_x_unit_dim * #1 }
          }
      }
  }

\makeatother
\ExplSyntaxOff

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\fancyblock[name=a]{
  {2, 2, 1},
  {1, 2, 1},
  {3, 1, 1}
}
\path (a.south) node [below] {\verb|\fancyblock|};

\fancyblock[
  at={(8, 0)}, name=b, random=false,
  transpose, y=0.5cm,
  block={
    very thick,
    line width=1pt,
    draw=teal,
  }
]{
  {2, 1, 1},
  {1, [fill=red]2, |green|1},
  {1, 3, {[line width=2pt, draw=black]|teal|1}}
}
\path (b.south) node [below] {\verb|\fancyblock| with options};

\randomblock[at={([yshift=1cm]a.north west)}, name=c]{4, 5, 4}
\path (c.south) node [below] {\verb|\randomblock|};

\randomrectangle[at={(c.south -| b.center)}, name=d, anchor=b]{4}{7}
\path (d.south) node [below] {\verb|\randomrectangle|};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 3

根据我在这里的回答：TikZ 可以创建像素艺术图像吗？

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{stackengine}
\newlength\blocksize
\setlength\blocksize{1ex}
\newcommand\block[2]{\kern-\fboxrule\fboxsep=0pt%
  \fbox{\color{#1}\rule{%
    \dimexpr#2\blocksize+\numexpr#2-1\relax\fboxrule\relax}{\blocksize}}}
\newcommand\gr[1][1]{\block{green}{#1}}
\newcommand\rd[1][1]{\block{red}{#1}}
\newcommand\bl[1][1]{\block{blue}{#1}}
\newcommand\wh[1][1]{\block{white}{#1}}
\setstackgap{S}{-\fboxrule}
\begin{document}
\Shortstack[l]{
\rd\gr[2]\gr\rd[3]\\
\gr\bl[3]\gr\gr\\
\gr\bl\rd[2]\wh\wh\gr}
\end{document} 

Answer 4

您可以使用pic。

\documentclass[tikz,margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{color}

\tikzset{
    pics/cube/.style args={#1-#2}{
      code = {
    \draw [black,fill=#2](0,0)--(#1,0)--(#1,1)--(0,1)--cycle;  
      }
      }
      }

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\pic at (0,0) {cube=1-white};
\pic at (1,0) {cube=1-white};
\pic at (2,0) {cube=3-green};
\pic at (0,1) {cube=1-white};
\pic at (1,1) {cube=2-red};
\pic at (3,1) {cube=2-red};
\pic at (0,2) {cube=1-white};
\pic at (1,2) {cube=3-green};
\pic at (4,2) {cube=1-white};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}