我怎样才能将数字（以及表格的其余列）居中并将各列彼此分开？另外，我想分别将 Tas2r40p 和 Tas2r9p 放在 Tas2r40 和 Tas2r9 下方。
\usepackage{longtable, array, booktabs}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\begin{landscape}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{2.5pt}
\small\sffamily
\setlength{\extrarowheight}{1pt}
\begin{longtable}{lllllll}
\caption{List of species we intend to use in this work and its corresponding habitats and migration habits}\\
\toprule
\bfseries Species & \bfseries Family & \bfseries Order & \bfseries Tas2r40
(Tas2r40p) & \bfseries Tasr9 (Tas2r9p) & \bfseries Habitat & \bfseries Migration \\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\toprule
\bfseries Species & \bfseries Family & \bfseries Order & \bfseries Tas2r40
(Tas2r40p) & \bfseries Tasr9 (Tas2r9p) & \bfseries Habitat & \bfseries Migration \\
\midrule
\endhead
\midrule
\endfoot
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot
\textit{Acanthisitta chloris} & Acanthisittidae & Passeriformes & 2 & 4 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Acrocephalus arundinaceus} & Sylviidae & Passeriformes & 2 & 3 & Water birds & Migratory \\
\textit{Aegithalos caudatus} & Aegithalidae & Passeriformes & 2 & 2 & Intermediate regions & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Agelaius phoeniceus} & Icteridae & Passeriformes & & 3 & Water birds & Migratory \\
\textit{Alaudala cheleensis} & Alaudidae & Passeriformes & 3 & 1 & Water birds & Partially Migratory \\
\textit{Alca torda} & Alcidae & Charadriiformes & (1) & 1 & Water birds & Migratory \\
\textit{Aleadryas rufinucha} & Pachycephalidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 2 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Alectura lathami} & Megapodiidae & Galliformes & 1 & & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Anas platyrhynchos} & Anatidae & Anseriformes & 1 & 2 & Water birds & Partially Migratory \\
\textit{Anhinga anhinga} & Anhingidae & Suliformes & & 1 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Anser cygnoides} & Anatidae & Anseriformes & 1 & 1 & Water birds & Migratory \\
\textit{Anseranas semipalmata} & Anseranatidae & Anseriformes & & 1 & Water birds & Partially Migratory \\
\textit{Anthoscopus minutus} & Remizidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 2 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Antrostomus carolinensis} & Caprimulgidae & Caprimulgiformes & 1 & 1 & Intermediate regions & Migratory \\
\textit{Aphelocoma coerulescens} & Corvidae & Passeriformes & 2 & 3 & Intermediate regions & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Aptenodytes forsteri} & Spheniscidae & Sphenisciformes & 1 & & Water birds & Partially Migratory \\
\textit{Apteryx australis} & Apterygidae & Struthioniformes & (1) & 1 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Arenaria interpres} & Scolopacidae & Charadriiformes & 1 & & Water birds & Migratory \\
\textit{Asarcornis scutulata} & Anatidae & Anseriformes & 1 & 1 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Atrichornis clamosus} & Atrichornithidae & Passeriformes & & 3 & Intermediate regions & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Balaeniceps rex} & Balaenicipitidae & Pelecaniformes & & 1 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Bombycilla garrulus} & Bombycillidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 2 & Land birds & Migratory \\
\textit{Brachypodius atriceps} & Pycnonotidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 4 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Bucco capensis} & Bucconidae & Piciformes & & 4 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Buphagus erythrorhynchus} & Sturnidae & Passeriformes & 1 & & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Burhinus bistriatus} & Burhinidae & Charadriiformes & 1 & 1 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Cairina moschata} & Anatidae & Anseriformes & 1 & 2 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Calcarius ornatus} & Emberizidae & Passeriformes & & 4 & Water birds & Migratory \\
\textit{Calidris pugnax} & Scolopacidae & Charadriiformes & 1 & 1 & Water birds & Migratory \\
\textit{Callaeas wilsoni} & Callaeatidae & Passeriformes & 2 & 5 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Callipepla squamata} & Odontophoridae & Galliformes & & 6 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Calonectris borealis} & Procellariidae & Procellariiformes & & 1 & Water birds & Migratory \\
\textit{Calypte anna} & Trochilidae & Caprimulgiformes & & 1 & Intermediate regions & Partially Migratory \\
\textit{Calyptomena viridis} & Eurylaimidae & Passeriformes & & 6 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Campylorhamphus procurvoides} & Dendrocolaptidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 1 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Cardinalis cardinalis} & Cardinalidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 4 & Intermediate regions & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Casuarius casuarius} & Casuariidae & Struthioniformes & 1 & 1 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Catharus fuscescens} & Turdidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 1 & Land birds & Migratory \\
\textit{Cepphus grylle} & Alcidae & Charadriiformes & 1 & 1 & Water birds & Migratory \\
\textit{Cercotrichas coryphoeus} & Muscicapidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 3 & Intermediate regions & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Certhia brachydactyla} & Certhiidae & Passeriformes & & 2 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Cettia cetti} & Sylviidae & Passeriformes & & 4 & Intermediate regions & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Chaetops frenatus} & Turdidae & Passeriformes & 3 & 3 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Chaetorhynchus papuensis} & Dicruridae & Passeriformes & & 4 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
\textit{Chaetura pelagica} & Apodidae & Caprimulgiformes & & 4 & Land birds & Migratory \\
\end{longtable}
\end{landscape}
答案1
这是一个解决方案，它简化了一些代码并改进了布局（从我的角度来看）。可以使用\thead 来自的命令获取两行列头makecell。我在您的表格中添加了一些间距，以便将第一列中首字母相同的行分组：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{longtable, array, booktabs, makecell}
\renewcommand{\theadfont}{\small\upshape\bfseries}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\begin{document}
\begin{landscape}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{4pt}
\small\sffamily
\setlength{\extrarowheight}{2pt}
\begin{longtable}{@{}>{\slshape}lllccll@{}}
\caption{List of species we intend to use in this work and its corresponding habitats and migration habits}\\
\toprule
\thead[l]{Species} & \bfseries Family & \bfseries Order & \thead{Tas2r40\\ (Tas2r40p)} & \thead{Tasr9\\ (Tas2r9p)} & \bfseries Habitat & \bfseries Migration \\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\toprule
\thead[l]{Species} & \bfseries Family & \bfseries Order & \thead{Tas2r40\\ (Tas2r40p)} & \thead{Tasr9\\(Tas2r9p)} & \bfseries Habitat & \bfseries Migration \\
\midrule
\endhead
\midrule
\endfoot
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot
{Acanthisitta chloris} & Acanthisittidae & Passeriformes & 2 & 4 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
Acrocephalus arundinaceus & Sylviidae & Passeriformes & 2 & 3 & Water birds & Migratory \\
Aegithalos caudatus & Aegithalidae & Passeriformes & 2 & 2 & Intermediate regions & Non-migratory \\
Agelaius phoeniceus & Icteridae & Passeriformes & & 3 & Water birds & Migratory \\
Alaudala cheleensis & Alaudidae & Passeriformes & 3 & 1 & Water birds & Partially Migratory \\
Alca torda & Alcidae & Charadriiformes & (1) & 1 & Water birds & Migratory \\
Aleadryas rufinucha & Pachycephalidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 2 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
Alectura lathami & Megapodiidae & Galliformes & 1 & & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
Anas platyrhynchos & Anatidae & Anseriformes & 1 & 2 & Water birds & Partially Migratory \\
Anhinga anhinga & Anhingidae & Suliformes & & 1 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
Anser cygnoides & Anatidae & Anseriformes & 1 & 1 & Water birds & Migratory \\
Anseranas semipalmata & Anseranatidae & Anseriformes & & 1 & Water birds & Partially Migratory \\
Anthoscopus minutus & Remizidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 2 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
Antrostomus carolinensis & Caprimulgidae & Caprimulgiformes & 1 & 1 & Intermediate regions & Migratory \\
Aphelocoma coerulescens & Corvidae & Passeriformes & 2 & 3 & Intermediate regions & Non-migratory \\
Aptenodytes forsteri & Spheniscidae & Sphenisciformes & 1 & & Water birds & Partially Migratory \\
Apteryx australis & Apterygidae & Struthioniformes & (1) & 1 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
Arenaria interpres & Scolopacidae & Charadriiformes & 1 & & Water birds & Migratory \\
Asarcornis scutulata & Anatidae & Anseriformes & 1 & 1 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
Atrichornis clamosus & Atrichornithidae & Passeriformes & & 3 & Intermediate regions & Non-migratory \\ \addlinespace
Balaeniceps rex & Balaenicipitidae & Pelecaniformes & & 1 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
Bombycilla garrulus & Bombycillidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 2 & Land birds & Migratory \\
Brachypodius atriceps & Pycnonotidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 4 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
Bucco capensis & Bucconidae & Piciformes & & 4 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
Buphagus erythrorhynchus & Sturnidae & Passeriformes & 1 & & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
Burhinus bistriatus & Burhinidae & Charadriiformes & 1 & 1 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\ \addlinespace
Cairina moschata & Anatidae & Anseriformes & 1 & 2 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
Calcarius ornatus & Emberizidae & Passeriformes & & 4 & Water birds & Migratory \\
Calidris pugnax & Scolopacidae & Charadriiformes & 1 & 1 & Water birds & Migratory \\
Callaeas wilsoni & Callaeatidae & Passeriformes & 2 & 5 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
Callipepla squamata & Odontophoridae & Galliformes & & 6 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
Calonectris borealis & Procellariidae & Procellariiformes & & 1 & Water birds & Migratory \\
Calypte anna & Trochilidae & Caprimulgiformes & & 1 & Intermediate regions & Partially Migratory \\
Calyptomena viridis & Eurylaimidae & Passeriformes & & 6 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
Campylorhamphus procurvoides & Dendrocolaptidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 1 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
Cardinalis cardinalis & Cardinalidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 4 & Intermediate regions & Non-migratory \\
Casuarius casuarius & Casuariidae & Struthioniformes & 1 & 1 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
Catharus fuscescens & Turdidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 1 & Land birds & Migratory \\
Cepphus grylle & Alcidae & Charadriiformes & 1 & 1 & Water birds & Migratory \\
Cercotrichas coryphoeus & Muscicapidae & Passeriformes & 1 & 3 & Intermediate regions & Non-migratory \\
Certhia brachydactyla & Certhiidae & Passeriformes & & 2 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
Cettia cetti & Sylviidae & Passeriformes & & 4 & Intermediate regions & Non-migratory \\
Chaetops frenatus & Turdidae & Passeriformes & 3 & 3 & Water birds & Non-migratory \\
Chaetorhynchus papuensis & Dicruridae & Passeriformes & & 4 & Land birds & Non-migratory \\
Chaetura pelagica & Apodidae & Caprimulgiformes & & 4 & Land birds & Migratory
\end{longtable}
\end{landscape}
\end{document}
