我想用 pgfplots 手动创建一个颜色图。以下是我目前所得到的：
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,shapes.misc,positioning}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\begin{document}
\pgfplotsset{scaled x ticks=false}
\definecolor{myyellow}{rgb}{0.96,0.742,0.29}
\definecolor{myblue}{rgb}{0.1,0.32,0.738}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
map color/.code={\pgfmathparse{500 + 500*#1}\pgfplotscolormapdefinemappedcolor{\pgfmathresult}},
meta/.style={map color=#1,minimum size=3em,fill=mapped color}
]
\begin{axis}[
colormap={bluewhiteyellow}{color=(myyellow) color=(white) color=(myblue)},
clip = false,
colorbar,
colormap name={bluewhiteyellow},
x=3em,
y=3em,
xtick=data,
ytick=data,
ymin={[normalized]0},
ymax={[normalized]9},
xmin={[normalized]0},
xmax={[normalized]27},
enlarge x limits={abs=1.5em},
enlarge y limits={abs=1.5em},
point meta min=-1,
point meta max=1,
grid=both,
major grid style={draw=none},
minor tick num=1,
symbolic x coords={cHq3,cHB,cHW,cHWB,cuBAbs,cuWAbs,cHDD,cHd,cHu,cHq1,cHe,cHl1,cHl3,cll1,cHG,cuGAbs,cG,cqd8,cqq1,cqq11,cqq3,cqq31,cqu1,cqu8,cuH,cud8,cuu,cuu1},
symbolic y coords={ggHtopev3,ggHtopev2,ggHtopev1,cHl3cll1ev1,cHl1cHeev1,cHucHdcHq1ev1,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev2,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1,cHq3},
% xticklabels={cHq3,cHB,cHW,cHWB,cuBAbs,cuWAbs,cHDD,cHd,cHu,cHq1,cHe,cHl1,cHl3,cll1,cHG,cuGAbs,cG,cqd8,cqq1,cqq11,cqq3,cqq31,cqu1,cqu8,cuH,cud8,cuu,cuu1},
% yticklabels={ggHtopev3,ggHtopev2,ggHtopev1,cHl3cll1ev1,cHl1cHeev1,cHucHdcHq1ev1,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev2,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1,cHq3},
axis on top,
x tick label style={scale=1.5,anchor=north east,rotate=45},
y tick label style={scale=1.5},
colorbar style={y tick label style={scale=1.5}},
tick style={draw=none}
]
\node [meta=1.0] at (axis cs:cHq3,cHq3){1.00};
\node [meta=0.5] at (axis cs:cHB,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3){0.50};
\node [meta=0.19] at (axis cs:cHB,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev2){0.19};
\node [meta=-0.84] at (axis cs:cHB,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1){-0.84};
\node [meta=-0.08] at (axis cs:cHW,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3){-0.08};
\node [meta=-0.96] at (axis cs:cHW,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev2){-0.96};
\node [meta=-0.27] at (axis cs:cHW,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1){-0.27};
\node [meta=0.86] at (axis cs:cHWB,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3){0.86};
\node [meta=-0.2] at (axis cs:cHWB,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev2){-0.20};
\node [meta=0.47] at (axis cs:cHWB,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1){0.47};
\node [meta=0.06] at (axis cs:cuBAbs,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3){0.06};
\node [meta=0.02] at (axis cs:cuBAbs,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev2){0.02};
\node [meta=-0.05] at (axis cs:cuBAbs,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1){-0.05};
\node [meta=0.03] at (axis cs:cuWAbs,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3){0.03};
\node [meta=-0.02] at (axis cs:cuWAbs,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1){-0.02};
\node [meta=0.07] at (axis cs:cHDD,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3){0.07};
\node [meta=0.26] at (axis cs:cHd,cHucHdcHq1ev1){0.26};
\node [meta=-0.87] at (axis cs:cHu,cHucHdcHq1ev1){-0.87};
\node [meta=0.42] at (axis cs:cHq1,cHucHdcHq1ev1){0.42};
\node [meta=-0.62] at (axis cs:cHe,cHl1cHeev1){-0.62};
\node [meta=0.78] at (axis cs:cHl1,cHl1cHeev1){0.78};
\node [meta=0.87] at (axis cs:cHl3,cHl3cll1ev1){0.87};
\node [meta=-0.5] at (axis cs:cll1,cHl3cll1ev1){-0.50};
\node [meta=-0.03] at (axis cs:cHG,ggHtopev3){-0.03};
\node [meta=-0.03] at (axis cs:cHG,ggHtopev2){-0.03};
\node [meta=0.99] at (axis cs:cHG,ggHtopev1){0.99};
\node [meta=0.67] at (axis cs:cuGAbs,ggHtopev3){0.67};
\node [meta=0.73] at (axis cs:cuGAbs,ggHtopev2){0.73};
\node [meta=0.03] at (axis cs:cuGAbs,ggHtopev1){0.03};
\node [meta=0.29] at (axis cs:cG,ggHtopev3){0.29};
\node [meta=-0.18] at (axis cs:cG,ggHtopev2){-0.18};
\node [meta=0.03] at (axis cs:cqd8,ggHtopev3){0.03};
\node [meta=-0.04] at (axis cs:cqd8,ggHtopev2){-0.04};
\node [meta=0.04] at (axis cs:cqq1,ggHtopev3){0.04};
\node [meta=-0.03] at (axis cs:cqq1,ggHtopev2){-0.03};
\node [meta=0.25] at (axis cs:cqq11,ggHtopev3){0.25};
\node [meta=-0.23] at (axis cs:cqq11,ggHtopev2){-0.23};
\node [meta=0.05] at (axis cs:cqq3,ggHtopev3){0.05};
\node [meta=-0.05] at (axis cs:cqq3,ggHtopev2){-0.05};
\node [meta=0.55] at (axis cs:cqq31,ggHtopev3){0.55};
\node [meta=-0.54] at (axis cs:cqq31,ggHtopev2){-0.54};
\node [meta=0.01] at (axis cs:cqu1,ggHtopev3){0.01};
\node [meta=-0.01] at (axis cs:cqu1,ggHtopev2){-0.01};
\node [meta=0.16] at (axis cs:cqu8,ggHtopev3){0.16};
\node [meta=-0.15] at (axis cs:cqu8,ggHtopev2){-0.15};
\node [meta=0.1] at (axis cs:cuH,ggHtopev3){0.10};
\node [meta=0.06] at (axis cs:cuH,ggHtopev2){0.06};
\node [meta=0.03] at (axis cs:cud8,ggHtopev3){0.03};
\node [meta=-0.04] at (axis cs:cud8,ggHtopev2){-0.04};
\node [meta=0.02] at (axis cs:cuu,ggHtopev3){0.02};
\node [meta=-0.02] at (axis cs:cuu,ggHtopev2){-0.02};
\node [meta=0.26] at (axis cs:cuu1,ggHtopev3){0.26};
\node [meta=-0.24] at (axis cs:cuu1,ggHtopev2){-0.24};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
但是，出于我不明白的原因，取消注释xticklabels和yticklabels选项（在我看来，这应该没有任何作用，因为它们目前包含相同的文本）会将所有刻度标签移动 1 个单位。我觉得这非常令人困惑。如何避免这种行为？
答案1
我还没有找到标签偏移的原因，但我觉得这与选项有关normalized。我稍后会研究一下。
与此同时，我想提出一个与你的代码略有不同的代码，顺便说一句，它没有同样的问题。
您无需输入多个\node命令，只需输入一个命令即可\addplot ... coordinates，因此您只需要坐标本身和元信息。我在附加内容中添加了注释来解释它们的作用。
更新：
- 为文本添加了颜色表
输出
代码
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\definecolor{myyellow}{rgb}{0.96,0.742,0.29}
\definecolor{myblue}{rgb}{0.1,0.32,0.738}
\pgfplotsset{
compat=1.17,
colormap={bluewhiteyellow}{color=(myyellow) color=(white) color=(myblue)},%original
colormap={mytext}{%
% black:
rgb(0000pt)=(0.0,0.0,0.0);
rgb(1000pt)=(0.0,0.0,0.0);
% black:
rgb(1005pt)=(0.0,0.0,0.0);
rgb(2000pt)=(0.0,0.0,0.0);
% white
rgb(2005pt)=(1.0,1.0,1.0);
rgb(3000pt)=(1.0,1.0,1.0);
},% a new colormap for the text
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[%
colormap name={bluewhiteyellow},% for the basic plotting, we use this colormap
clip=false,
colorbar,
x=3em,
y=3em,
%xtick=data, % uncommenting these two will remove grid lines for y
%ytick=data, % also, not needed
ymin={[normalized]0},
ymax={[normalized]9},
xmin={[normalized]0},
xmax={[normalized]27},
enlarge x limits={abs=1.5em},
enlarge y limits={abs=1.5em},
point meta min=-1,
point meta max=1,
grid=both,
major grid style={draw=none},
minor tick num=1,
symbolic x coords={cHq3,cHB,cHW,cHWB,cuBAbs,cuWAbs,cHDD,cHd,cHu,cHq1,cHe,cHl1,cHl3,cll1,cHG,cuGAbs,cG,cqd8,cqq1,cqq11,cqq3,cqq31,cqu1,cqu8,cuH,cud8,cuu,cuu1},
symbolic y coords={ggHtopev3,ggHtopev2,ggHtopev1,cHl3cll1ev1,cHl1cHeev1,cHucHdcHq1ev1,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev2,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1,cHq3},
%xticklabels={cHq3,cHB,cHW,cHWB,cuBAbs,cuWAbs,cHDD,cHd,cHu,cHq1,cHe,cHl1,cHl3,cll1,cHG,cuGAbs,cG,cqd8,cqq1,cqq11,cqq3,cqq31,cqu1,cqu8,cuH,cud8,cuu,cuu1},
%yticklabels={ggHtopev3,ggHtopev2,ggHtopev1,cHl3cll1ev1,cHl1cHeev1,cHucHdcHq1ev1,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev2,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1,cHq3},
axis on top,
x tick label style={scale=1.5,anchor=north east,rotate=45},
y tick label style={scale=1.5},
colorbar style={y tick label style={scale=1.5}},
tick style={draw=none},
nodes near coords style={% style of the numbers inside marks
anchor=center,
font=\footnotesize,
/pgf/number format/fixed,
/pgf/number format/fixed zerofill,
/pgf/number format/precision=2,
color of colormap=\pgfplotspointmetatransformed of mytext% we use the new colormap for coloring the text dynamically
},
]
\addplot[
only marks,
mark=square*,
scatter,
mark size=1.5em,
scatter src=explicit,% the color for the marks
nodes near coords*,% the numbers on top
]
coordinates
{
(cHq3,cHq3) [1.00]
(cHB,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3) [0.50]
(cHB,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev2) [0.19]
(cHB,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1) [-0.84]
(cHW,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3) [-0.08]
(cHW,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev2) [-0.96]
(cHW,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1) [-0.27]
(cHWB,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3) [0.86]
(cHWB,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev2) [-0.20]
(cHWB,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1) [0.47]
(cuBAbs,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3) [0.06]
(cuBAbs,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev2) [0.02]
(cuBAbs,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1) [-0.05]
(cuWAbs,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3) [0.03]
(cuWAbs,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev1) [-0.02]
(cHDD,cHWcHBcHWBcHDDcuWAbscuBAbsev3) [0.07]
(cHd,cHucHdcHq1ev1) [0.26]
(cHu,cHucHdcHq1ev1) [-0.87]
(cHq1,cHucHdcHq1ev1) [0.42]
(cHe,cHl1cHeev1) [-0.62]
(cHl1,cHl1cHeev1) [0.78]
(cHl3,cHl3cll1ev1) [0.87]
(cll1,cHl3cll1ev1) [-0.50]
(cHG,ggHtopev3) [-0.03]
(cHG,ggHtopev2) [-0.03]
(cHG,ggHtopev1) [0.99]
(cuGAbs,ggHtopev3) [0.67]
(cuGAbs,ggHtopev2) [0.73]
(cuGAbs,ggHtopev1) [0.03]
(cG,ggHtopev3) [0.29]
(cG,ggHtopev2) [-0.18]
(cqd8,ggHtopev3) [0.03]
(cqd8,ggHtopev2) [-0.04]
(cqq1,ggHtopev3) [0.04]
(cqq1,ggHtopev2) [-0.03]
(cqq11,ggHtopev3) [0.25]
(cqq11,ggHtopev2) [-0.23]
(cqq3,ggHtopev3) [0.05]
(cqq3,ggHtopev2) [-0.05]
(cqq31,ggHtopev3) [0.55]
(cqq31,ggHtopev2) [-0.54]
(cqu1,ggHtopev3) [0.01]
(cqu1,ggHtopev2) [-0.01]
(cqu8,ggHtopev3) [0.16]
(cqu8,ggHtopev2) [-0.15]
(cuH,ggHtopev3) [0.10]
(cuH,ggHtopev2) [0.06]
(cud8,ggHtopev3) [0.03]
(cud8,ggHtopev2) [-0.04]
(cuu,ggHtopev3) [0.02]
(cuu,ggHtopev2) [-0.02]
(cuu1,ggHtopev3) [0.26]
(cuu1,ggHtopev2) [-0.24]
};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}