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在 Tikz 中移动表格的多边形和中心数字

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在 Tikz 中移动表格的多边形和中心数字

我对为练习创建的表格有几个疑问。

  1. 圆圈内的数字。如何让它们居中？
  2. 我想将紫色多边形稍微向左和向下移动一点。
  3. 有没有更简单的方法来制作表格。请记住，我使用 Tikz 在表格顶部绘图，并且我还需要进行多次迭代。

提前谢谢了！

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,shapes,arrows,fit,automata}
\usepackage{adjustbox}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}



\begin{document}



\begin{adjustbox}{max totalsize={.9\textwidth}{.9\textheight},center}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\matrix(m) [matrix of math nodes, nodes in empty cells, nodes={minimum size=1cm, outer sep=0pt, text height=1.5ex, text depth=.25ex}]
{
 1  &   +               & 2 &                   & 3 &                   &   5    &                   & 0 &        -         \\
    &\textcolor{blue}{0}&   &\textcolor{blue}{1}&   &\textcolor{blue}{2}&        &\textcolor{blue}{4}&   &\textcolor{blue}{0}\\
0   &   -               & 1 &       +           & 5 &                   &   3    &                   & 3 &                  \\
    &\textcolor{blue}{0}&   &\textcolor{blue}{1}&   &\textcolor{blue}{5}&        &\textcolor{blue}{3}&   &\textcolor{blue}{4}\\
3   &                   & 0 &                   & 4 &                   &   0    &                   & 3 &                  \\
    &\textcolor{blue}{3}&   &\textcolor{blue}{0}&   &\textcolor{blue}{4}&        &\textcolor{blue}{0}&   &\textcolor{blue}{4}\\
5   &                   & 7 &                   & 0 &                   &  0     &                   & 2 &                  \\
    &\textcolor{blue}{5}&   &\textcolor{blue}{7}&   &\textcolor{blue}{0}&        &\textcolor{blue}{0}&   &\textcolor{blue}{3}\\
 3  &                   & 1 &       -           & 4 &                   & 5      &                   & 0 &       +          \\
    &\textcolor{blue}{3}&   &\textcolor{blue}{0}&   &\textcolor{blue}{3}&        &\textcolor{blue}{5}&   &\textcolor{blue}{0}\\
};

\draw (m-1-1.north west) rectangle (m-10-10.south east);



% Lineas horizontales
\foreach \i in {2,4,6,8,10} {
  \draw (m-\i-1.south west) -- (m-\i-10.south east);
}

% Lineas verticales
\foreach \j in {2,4,6,8,10} {
  \draw (m-1-\j.north east) -- (m-10-\j.south east);
}

% Solucion
\node[draw=blue,circle,fit=(m-1-9)(m-2-10),inner sep = -19pt] {1};
\node[draw=blue,circle,fit=(m-3-1)(m-4-2),inner sep = -19pt] {1};
\node[draw=blue,circle,fit=(m-5-7)(m-6-8),inner sep = -19pt] {1};
\node[draw=blue,circle,fit=(m-7-5)(m-8-6),inner sep = -19pt] {1};
\node[draw=blue,circle,fit=(m-9-3)(m-10-4),inner sep = -19pt] {1};

\node[draw=blue,circle,fit=(m-1-1)(m-2-2),inner sep = -19pt] {0};
\node[draw=blue,circle,fit=(m-5-3)(m-6-4),inner sep = -19pt] {0};
\node[draw=blue,circle,fit=(m-7-7)(m-8-8),inner sep = -19pt] {0};
\node[draw=blue,circle,fit=(m-9-9)(m-10-10),inner sep = -19pt] {0};

% dual ui
\node [font=\color{red}] at (6,4) {0};
\node [font=\color{red}] at (6,2) {-1};
\node [font=\color{red}] at (6,0) {-1};
\node [font=\color{red}] at (6,-2) {-1};
\node [font=\color{red}] at (6,-4) {0};

% dual vj
\node [font=\color{red}] at (-4,-6) {1};
\node [font=\color{red}] at (-2,-6) {1};
\node [font=\color{red}] at (0,-6) {1};
\node [font=\color{red}] at (2,-6) {1};
\node [font=\color{red}] at (4,-6) {0};



% poligono
\draw [purple, dashed,very thick](m-2-1.north) -- (m-2-9.north) -- (m-10-9.north) -- (m-10-3.north) -- (m-4-3.north) -- (m-4-1.north) -- (m-2-1.north);


\end{tikzpicture}
\end{adjustbox}

\end{document}

答案1

  • 加载 TikZ 库。它允许您为和之间的点calc写入。($(a)!0.5!(b)$)(a)(b)
  • 将带圆圈的数字绘制为带圆圈的节点，而不是拟合节点。
  • 用相对于起点的坐标定义多边形，然后可以通过移动起点来移动它。
  • 使用\foreach循环避免重复。
  • 绘制矩形多边形时，可以使用-|和|-代替 来删除每个第二个节点--。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,calc}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix(m) [matrix of math nodes, nodes in empty cells, nodes={minimum size=1cm, outer sep=0pt, text height=1.5ex, text depth=.25ex}]
{
 1  &   +               & 2 &                   & 3 &                   &   5    &                   & 0 &        -         \\
    &\textcolor{blue}{0}&   &\textcolor{blue}{1}&   &\textcolor{blue}{2}&        &\textcolor{blue}{4}&   &\textcolor{blue}{0}\\
0   &   -               & 1 &       +           & 5 &                   &   3    &                   & 3 &                  \\
    &\textcolor{blue}{0}&   &\textcolor{blue}{1}&   &\textcolor{blue}{5}&        &\textcolor{blue}{3}&   &\textcolor{blue}{4}\\
3   &                   & 0 &                   & 4 &                   &   0    &                   & 3 &                  \\
    &\textcolor{blue}{3}&   &\textcolor{blue}{0}&   &\textcolor{blue}{4}&        &\textcolor{blue}{0}&   &\textcolor{blue}{4}\\
5   &                   & 7 &                   & 0 &                   &  0     &                   & 2 &                  \\
    &\textcolor{blue}{5}&   &\textcolor{blue}{7}&   &\textcolor{blue}{0}&        &\textcolor{blue}{0}&   &\textcolor{blue}{3}\\
 3  &                   & 1 &       -           & 4 &                   & 5      &                   & 0 &       +          \\
    &\textcolor{blue}{3}&   &\textcolor{blue}{0}&   &\textcolor{blue}{3}&        &\textcolor{blue}{5}&   &\textcolor{blue}{0}\\
};

\draw (m-1-1.north west) rectangle (m-10-10.south east);

% Lineas horizontales
\foreach \i in {2,4,6,8,10} {
  \draw (m-\i-1.south west) -- (m-\i-10.south east);
}

% Lineas verticales
\foreach \j in {2,4,6,8,10} {
  \draw (m-1-\j.north east) -- (m-10-\j.south east);
}

% Solucion
\foreach \a/\b in {1-9/2-10,3-1/4-2,5-7/6-8,7-5/8-6,9-3/10-4}
  \node[draw=blue,circle] at ($(m-\a)!0.5!(m-\b)$) {\color{black}1};

\foreach \a/\b in {1-1/2-2,5-3/6-4,7-7/8-8,9-9/10-10}
  \node[draw=blue,circle] at ($(m-\a)!0.5!(m-\b)$) {\color{black}0};

% dual ui
\foreach \a/\b in {4/0,2/-1,0/-1,-2/-1,-4/0} 
  \node [font=\color{red}] at (6,\a) {\b};

% dual vj
\foreach \a/\b in {4/0,2/1,0/1,-2/1,-4/1} 
  \node [font=\color{red}] at (\a,-6) {\b};

% poligono
% shift it by changing (-0.3,-0.3)
\draw [purple, dashed,very thick] (m-2-1.north)++(-0.3,-0.3)coordinate(X) -| ++(8,-8) -| ++(-6,6) -| (X);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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