如何使用宏来简化 tikz 绘图选项？

Question

我有一个节目有几个情节像问题如何在 tikz 图的点上显示标签 在同一个轴上，我正在尝试创建一种方法来分解重复部分，这样我可以使用一个简短的命令，而不是复制粘贴重复部分。

我尝试创建一个新环境，并将选项部分分解为新命令，但出现编译错误。有什么办法吗？

什么不起作用：在序言中

\newcommand{\plotoptions}{mark=*,
    visualization depends on=\thisrow{alignment} \as \alignment,
    nodes near coords, % Place nodes near each coordinate
    point meta=explicit symbolic, % The meta data used in the nodes is not explicitly provided and not numeric
    every node near coord/.style={anchor=\alignment} % Align each coordinate
    }
\usepackage{environ}% http://ctan.org/pkg/environ
\NewEnviron{hplot}{%
  \addplot[mark=*,
    visualization depends on=\thisrow{alignment} \as \alignment,
    nodes near coords, % Place nodes near each coordinate
    point meta=explicit symbolic, % The meta data used in the nodes is not explicitly provided and not numeric
    every node near coord/.style={anchor=\alignment} % Align each coordinate 
    ] table [% Provide data as a table
     meta index=2 % the meta data is found in the third column
     ] {x       y       label       alignment
        \BODY% regular \BODY
       };
}

在文档正文中：

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[xmin=-10, xmax=15, ymin=0, ymax=15, grid style=dashed,
                 xmajorgrids=true, ymajorgrids=true, width=0.8\textwidth,scale only axis]
        \begin{hplot}
            -5    3    $A_1$      0
            -3    1    $B_1$     90
            -1    1    $M_1$    270
             1    1    $B'_1$    90
             3    1    $A'_1$   180
         \end{hplot}
    
       \addplot[\plotoptions] table [meta index=2] {
            x       y       label       alignment
           -5       3    $A_1$     0
           -3       1    $B_1$    90
           -1       1    $M_1$   270
            1       1   $B'_1$    90
            3       1   $A'_1$   180};

    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

有效的方法：

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[xmin=-10, xmax=15, ymin=0, ymax=15, grid style=dashed,
                 xmajorgrids=true, ymajorgrids=true, width=0.8\textwidth,scale only axis]
         \addplot[mark=*,
                  visualization depends on=\thisrow{alignment} \as \alignment,
                  nodes near coords, % Place nodes near each coordinate
                  point meta=explicit symbolic, 
                  every node near coord/.style={anchor=\alignment} 
                 ] table [% Provide data as a table
                          meta index=2 % the meta data is found in the third column
                         ] {x       y       label       alignment
                           -6    1    $A_0$      0
                           -3    1    $B_0$      90
                            0    1    $M_0$     270
                            3    1    $B'_0$     90
                            6    1    $A'_0$    180};
    \end{axis}

Answer 1

只需使用样式即可。我不会尝试创建新环境，尽管这需要付出一些努力。您可以通过覆盖或使用来自定义样式/.append style。当然，您也可以在后面添加更多键my plot options。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.17} 
\pgfplotsset{my plot options/.style={mark=*,
    visualization depends on=\thisrow{alignment} \as \alignment,
    nodes near coords, % Place nodes near each coordinate
    point meta=explicit symbolic, % The meta data used in the nodes is not explicitly provided and not numeric
    every node near coord/.style={anchor=\alignment} % Align each coordinate
    }}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[xmin=-10, xmax=15, ymin=0, ymax=15, grid style=dashed,
                 xmajorgrids=true, ymajorgrids=true, width=0.8\textwidth,scale only axis]
    
       \addplot[my plot options] table [meta index=2] {
            x       y       label       alignment
           -5       3    $A_1$     0
           -3       1    $B_1$    90
           -1       1    $M_1$   270
            1       1   $B'_1$    90
            3       1   $A'_1$   180
         };
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}