damper样式示例

Question

我尝试重现下图。

我在绘制垂直右弹簧（将墙连接到底部块）时遇到了问题。代码是：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz,pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.6}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\usetikzlibrary{
   decorations.markings,
   decorations.pathmorphing,
   calc,
   patterns,
   positioning
}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={draw,outer sep=0pt,thick}]
\tikzstyle{spring}=[thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post length=0.3cm,segment length=6}]
\tikzstyle{damper}=[thick,decoration={markings,
  mark connection node=dmp,
  mark=at position 0.5 with
  {
    \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
  }
}, decorate]
\tikzstyle{ground}=[fill,pattern=north east lines,draw=none,minimum width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm]

\node [ground, rotate=180, minimum width=12cm,yshift=-5cm] (wall) {};
\node [minimum width=12cm, minimum height=0.5cm] (m1) {$m_1$};

\draw (wall.north east) -- (wall.north west);
 
\draw [line width=0.8pt]  ($(wall.north west)!0.1!(wall.north east)$) -- ++(0,-1cm)coordinate (z);
\draw [spring]   (z) -- ++(0,-3cm)coordinate (u);
\draw [line width=0.8pt]   (u) -- ($(m1.north east)!0.1!(m1.north east)$);

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

如何将弹簧的底部端点向左移动，如输出所示？

提前致谢。

Answer 1

在 TikZ 中，(a |- b)（分别是(a -| -b)）是横坐标为(a)、纵坐标为 的点（分别是纵坐标为、横坐标为 的(b)点）。(a)(b)

不要使用\tikzstyle：它已经过时了。您可以用pgfkeys诸如 之类的键分配来替换它spring/.style={...}，如下所示。下次请通过删除未使用的内容（如我在此处所做的那样）使您的示例更接近最小示例（例如，damper您的示例中未使用该样式）。

\documentclass[tikz, border=2mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, decorations.pathmorphing, patterns}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  every node/.style={draw, outer sep=0pt, thick},
  spring/.style={thick, decorate,
                 decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm, post length=0.3cm,
                             segment length=6}},
  ground/.style={fill, pattern=north east lines, draw=none,
                 minimum width=0.75cm, minimum height=0.3cm}]

\node[minimum width=12cm, minimum height=0.5cm] (m1) {$m_1$};
\node at (0,5cm) [ground, minimum width=12cm] (wall) {};

\draw (wall.south east) -- (wall.south west);

\draw[line width=0.8pt]
  ($(wall.south west)!0.9!(wall.south east)$) -- ++(0,-1cm) coordinate (z);
\draw[spring] (z) -- ++(0,-3cm) coordinate (u);
\draw[line width=0.8pt]   (u) -- (u |- m1.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

以下是不带 的等效代码calc，它($(wall.south west)!0.9!(wall.south east)$)使用不同的技术来查找点。请注意以下两行：

\draw (wall.south west) -- (wall.south east) coordinate[pos=0.9] (p);
\draw[line width=0.8pt] (p) -- ++(0,-1cm) coordinate (z);

完整代码：

\documentclass[tikz, border=2mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing, patterns}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  every node/.style={draw, outer sep=0pt, thick},
  spring/.style={thick, decorate,
                 decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm, post length=0.3cm,
                             segment length=6}},
  ground/.style={fill, pattern=north east lines, draw=none,
                 minimum width=0.75cm, minimum height=0.3cm}]

\node[minimum width=12cm, minimum height=0.5cm] (m1) {$m_1$};
\node at (0,5cm) [ground, minimum width=12cm] (wall) {};

\draw (wall.south west) -- (wall.south east) coordinate[pos=0.9] (p);
\draw[line width=0.8pt] (p) -- ++(0,-1cm) coordinate (z);
\draw[spring] (z) -- ++(0,-3cm) coordinate (u);
\draw[line width=0.8pt]   (u) -- (u |- m1.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

damper样式示例

\documentclass[tikz, border=2mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, decorations.markings, decorations.pathmorphing, patterns}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  every node/.style={draw, outer sep=0pt, thick},
  spring/.style={thick, decorate,
                 decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm, post length=0.3cm,
                             segment length=6}},
  ground/.style={fill, pattern=north east lines, draw=none,
                 minimum width=0.75cm, minimum height=0.3cm},
  damper/.style={
    thick, decoration={
      markings,
      mark connection node=dmp,
      mark=at position 0.5 with
        {
          \node (dmp) [thick, inner sep=0pt, transform shape, rotate=-90,
                       minimum width=15pt, minimum height=3pt, draw=none] {};
          \draw [thick] ([xshift=2pt] dmp.north east) -- (dmp.south east) --
                        (dmp.south west) -- ([xshift=2pt] dmp.north west);
          \draw [thick] ([yshift=-5pt] dmp.north) -- ++(0,10pt);
        },
    },
    decorate,
  }]

\node[minimum width=12cm, minimum height=0.5cm] (m1) {$m_1$};
\node at (0,5cm) [ground, minimum width=12cm] (wall) {};

\draw (wall.south west) -- (wall.south east) coordinate[pos=0.9] (p);
\draw[line width=0.8pt] (p) -- ++(0,-1cm) coordinate (z);
\draw[spring] (z) -- ++(0,-3cm) coordinate (u);
\draw[line width=0.8pt]   (u) -- (u |- m1.north);

\coordinate (q) at ($(wall.south west)!0.7!(wall.south east)$);
\draw[damper] (q) -- (q |- m1.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}