答案1
可能有用的起点是:
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
\usepackage{chemmacros}
\chemsetup{modules=newman}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, ymin = -20, ymax = 20]
\addplot[mark=none]{x^3};
\node[above] at (1,-15){\tiny\newman[scale=0.75]{\hspace*{3.5mm}\ch{CH3},\ch{H},\ch{H},\hspace*{3.5mm}\ch{CH3},\ch{H},\ch{H}}};
\node[above] at (-1,5){\tiny\newman[scale=0.75](75){\hspace*{3.5mm}\ch{CH3},\ch{H},\ch{H},\ch{CH3},\ch{H},\ch{H}}};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}