答案1
我会选择第二个链接中的选项。我们可以按如下方式参数化三角形:
- 三角形 (0,0), (0,1), (1,1)
x=u*v, y=v, 0<=u,v<=1
:。 - 三角形 (0,0), (1,0), (1,1)
x=u, y=u*v, 0<=u,v<=1
:。
例如,如果我们想要绘制抛物面z=2-x^2+y^2=2-u^2*v^2-v^2
(第一个三角形)和z=x^2+y^2=u^2+u^2*v^2
(第二个三角形),我们可以这样做:
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage {pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset {compat=1.17}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}
[
xlabel=$x$,
ylabel=$y$,
zmin=0,
zmax=2,
variable =u,
variable y=v,
view={30}{45}
]
% (0,0) (0,1) (1,1) parametrization x=u*v, y=v ---> x, y, 2- x^2 -y^2
\addplot3[surf,domain=0:1,y domain=0:1, colormap name=hot] (u*v, v, 2-u^2*v^2-v^2);
% (0,0) (1,0) (1,1) parametrization x=u, y=u*v ---> x, y, x^2+ y^2
\addplot3[surf,domain=0:1,y domain=0:1, colormap name=viridis,opacity=0.8] (u, u*v, u^2+u^2*v^2);
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
下面是一个使用 tikz 的简单示例。
更新:添加网格线
% !Tex program = xelatex
% !Tex encoding = UTF-8
\documentclass[tikz,border=0pt]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{perspective}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\begin{document}
% define colors
\colorlet{fillbottom}{yellow!60}
\colorlet{filltop}{blue!20}
\colorlet{curvecolor}{red}
\colorlet{meshcolor}{orange}
\begin{tikzpicture}[3d view={60}{30},scale=2]
%===================================
% surface 1: z=xy with domain boundary x=1, y=x, y=0
% surface 2: z=x^2+y^2 with domain boundary y=x, y=1, x=0
%===================================
\tikzset{%
declare function={%%
f(\u,\v)=\u*\v;
g(\u,\v)=\u^2+\v^2;
}%%
}%
\def \xa {1} \def \xb {1}
% set coordinates
\def \mxmin{0}\def \xdash{0} \def\mxmax{2.5}
\def \mymin{0}\def \ydash{0} \def\mymax{2}
\def \mzmin{0}\def \zdash{0} \def\mzmax{2}
% x axis
\draw [dashed] (\mxmin,0,0) -- (\xdash,0,0);
\draw[->,>=latex] (\xdash,0,0)--(\mxmax,0,0) node[left] {$x$};
% y axis
\draw[dashed] (0,\mymin,0)--(0,\ydash,0) ;
\draw[->,>=latex] (0,\ydash,0)--(0,\mymax,0) node[right] {$y$};
% z axis
\draw[dashed] (0,0,\mzmin)--(0,0,\zdash);
\draw[->,>=latex] (0,0,\zdash)--(0,0,\mzmax) node[left] {$z$};
% domain of surface 1
\draw (\xa,0,0) -- (\xa,\xb,0);
\draw[dashed] (0,0,0)--(\xa,\xb,0);
\draw ({0.7*\xa},{0.3^\xb},0) node {$D_1$};
\fill[color=fillbottom,opacity=0.2]
(0,0,0)--(\xa,0,0) --(\xa,\xb,0)--cycle;
% domain of surface 2
\draw[dashed] (\xa,\xb,0) -- (0,\xb,0);
\draw ({0.3*\xa},{0.7^\xb},0) node {$D_2$};
\fill[color=fillbottom,opacity=0.2]
(0,0,0)--(0,\xb,0) --(\xa,\xb,0)--cycle;
% special points
\node at (\xa,\xb,0)[right] {$y=x$};
\node at (\xa,0,0)[left] {$\xa$};
\node at (0,\xb,0)[above right] {$\xb$};
% help lines
\draw[thick,dashed] (\xa,\xb,0)--(\xa,\xb,{g(\xa,\xb)});
\draw[thick,dashed] (0,\xb,0)--(0,\xb,{g(0,\xb)});
% surface 1: z=xy
\draw[thick,draw=curvecolor,fill=filltop,opacity=0.4]
(0,0,0)--
plot[domain=0:\xa,samples=50,smooth] ({\x},{\x},{f(\x,\x)})
--
plot[variable=\y,domain=\xb:0,samples=50,smooth] (1,{\y},{f(1,\y)})
--
plot[domain=\xa:0,samples=50,smooth] (\x,{0},{f(\x,0)})
--cycle;
% surface 1: mesh lines
\foreach \k in {0.1, 0.2,...,0.9}
{
\draw[meshcolor] plot[domain=0:\xa,samples=50,smooth] (\x,{\k*\x},{f(\x,{\k*\x})});
}
% surface 2: z=x^2+y^2
\filldraw[thick,draw=curvecolor,fill=filltop,opacity=0.4]
(0,0,0)--
plot[domain=0:\xa,samples=50,smooth] ({\x},{\x},{g(\x,\x)})
--
plot[domain=\xa:0,samples=50,smooth] ({\x},{1},{g(\x,1)})
--
plot[variable=\y,domain=\xb:0,samples=50,smooth] ({0},{\y},{g(0,\y)})
--cycle;
% surface 2: mesh lines
\foreach \k in {0.1, 0.2,...,0.9}
{
\draw[meshcolor] plot[variable=\y,domain=0:\xb,samples=50,smooth] ({\k*\y},\y,{g(\k*\y,\y)});
}
%======================
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}