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为什么“df”挂起？

tag-icon • tag-icon mount utilities disk-usage
为什么“df”挂起？

我最近运行时遇到问题df，只是挂起。这是strace输出，在其中，您会看到我杀死了它，因为它只是坐在那里：

$ strace /bin/df
execve("/bin/df", ["/bin/df"], [/* 35 vars */]) = 0
brk(0)                                  = 0x8d03000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap2(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7840000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY)      = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=90781, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 90781, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb7829000
close(3)                                = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\240o\1\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1401000, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 1415544, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb76cf000
mprotect(0xb7822000, 4096, PROT_NONE)   = 0
mmap2(0xb7823000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x153) = 0xb7823000
mmap2(0xb7826000, 10616, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7826000
close(3)                                = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb76ce000
set_thread_area({entry_number:-1 -> 6, base_addr:0xb76ce8d0, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}) = 0
mprotect(0xb7823000, 8192, PROT_READ)   = 0
mprotect(0xb785e000, 4096, PROT_READ)   = 0
munmap(0xb7829000, 90781)               = 0
brk(0)                                  = 0x8d03000
brk(0x8d24000)                          = 0x8d24000
open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=1534656, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 1534656, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb7557000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/etc/mtab", O_RDONLY)             = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=708, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb783f000
read(3, "/dev/sda6 / ext4 rw,errors=remou"..., 4096) = 708
read(3, "", 4096)                       = 0
close(3)                                = 0
munmap(0xb783f000, 4096)                = 0
statfs64("/", 84, {f_type="EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC", f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=4805813, f_bfree=3325193, f_bavail=3081072, f_files=1220608, f_ffree=1007617, f_fsid={-1624337824, -871214780}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096}) = 0
open("/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY) = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2570, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb783f000
read(3, "# Locale name alias data base.\n#"..., 4096) = 2570
read(3, "", 4096)                       = 0
close(3)                                = 0
munmap(0xb783f000, 4096)                = 0
open("/usr/share/locale/en_ZA.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/en_ZA/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
statfs64("/lib/init/rw", 84, {f_type=0x1021994, f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=1280, f_bfree=1280, f_bavail=1280, f_files=215959, f_ffree=215956, f_fsid={0, 0}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096}) = 0
statfs64("/run", 84, {f_type=0x1021994, f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=102000, f_bfree=101823, f_bavail=101823, f_files=215959, f_ffree=215559, f_fsid={0, 0}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096}) = 0
statfs64("/sys", 84, {f_type="SYSFS_MAGIC", f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=0, f_bfree=0, f_bavail=0, f_files=0, f_ffree=0, f_fsid={0, 0}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096}) = 0
statfs64("/dev", 84, {f_type=0x1021994, f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=508762, f_bfree=508762, f_bavail=508762, f_files=213490, f_ffree=213031, f_fsid={0, 0}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096}) = 0
statfs64("/run/shm", 84, {f_type=0x1021994, f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=203999, f_bfree=203816, f_bavail=203816, f_files=215959, f_ffree=215955, f_fsid={0, 0}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096}) = 0
statfs64("/dev/pts", 84, {f_type="DEVPTS_SUPER_MAGIC", f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=0, f_bfree=0, f_bavail=0, f_files=0, f_ffree=0, f_fsid={0, 0}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096}) = 0
statfs64("/boot", 84, {f_type="EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC", f_bsize=1024, f_blocks=188403, f_bfree=150550, f_bavail=140822, f_files=48768, f_ffree=48525, f_fsid={-655942775, 1382872797}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=1024}) = 0
statfs64("/home", 84, {f_type="EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC", f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=66535124, f_bfree=6683145, f_bavail=3303357, f_files=16900096, f_ffree=16633097, f_fsid={-515912651, 307591087}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096}) = 0
statfs64("/sys/fs/fuse/connections", 84, {f_type=0x65735543, f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=0, f_bfree=0, f_bavail=0, f_files=0, f_ffree=0, f_fsid={0, 0}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096}) = 0
statfs64("/home/wena/temp/mount", 84, ^C <unfinished ...>

另一个失败的工具是gnome-system-monitor，它似乎在启动后立即挂起。

答案1

我曾经sshfs从某个 ssh 服务器挂载目录，但我的网络连接丢失了。看起来df是在尝试列出该安装，但它没有优雅地失败，而是卡住了:(

答案2

诸如挂起之类的软件最常见的原因df是当它们尝试从未正确响应的磁盘中读取数据时。

检查输出，dmesg看看是否是这种情况——不稳定的驱动器会抛出大量错误。

不幸的是，这往往是硬件问题，您可能需要更换整个驱动器。我建议您尽可能备份所有内容。

答案3

上述答案中未涵盖的另一种情况：

就我而言，使用strace df，我发现df在尝试文件系统时statfs挂起keybase：

$ strace df
...   # many lines omitted for brevity
statfs("/run/user/1000/keybase/kbfs", <--- hangs here
^Cstrace: Process 17510 detached

注销（并重新登录）以keybase解决此特定问题：

$ keybase logout
$ df  # doesn't hang anymore
...

$ keybase login
$ df  # still ok
...

答案4

此处情况并非如此，但为了记录，请注意某些版本的 GNU 实现df（自版本 7.3 起，在 8.29 中修复（有了这个提交)) 挂在没有编写器的可读 fifo/命名管道文件上，因为它们尝试打开它们，如所示https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=29038

$ mkfifo fifo
$ strace df fifo
[...]
open("fifo", O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY  # hanging there

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