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pgfplots 的对齐和居中

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pgfplots 的对齐和居中

我有两个问题。

  1. 我有四个 pgfplots，我想将图的 x 轴对齐在同一行，也将图的 y 轴对齐在同一列。
  2. 我想在一行中的图之间插入一个数学符号 \mathcal{F}，但位于两个图之间的垂直中心，而不是在基线上。

我尝试使用节点矩阵，但在 Beamer 中遇到了问题。以下是 MWE。

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

% for plotting mathematical functions
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{makecell}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots}

% For text positioning
\usepackage{textpos}
\usepackage{graphics}

% boldface math symbols
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{extarrows}

% For drawing block diagrams, plotting, etc
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, arrows, arrows.meta, positioning, calc, quotes, backgrounds,intersections, fit, matrix}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}

\begin{document}
\begin{frame}{Fourier Transform of a Rectangular Pulse}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.0, every node/.style={scale=1.0}]
    \begin{axis}[name=RectA, 
     xmin=-1.25, xmax = 2.5, 
        ymin = 0, ymax = 1.25,
        axis x line=middle, height=4.0cm, width=5.0cm, 
        x axis line style={thick},
        axis y line=middle, 
        y axis line style={thick},
        %title = {Square wave},
        ytick={1},
        yticklabels={$a$},
        xtick={-1.0,1.0},
        xticklabels={\scriptsize $-T\//2$,$T\//2$},
        tick style={draw=none}, 
        y tick label style={font=\small, xshift={-0.2cm},yshift={0.2cm}},
        x tick label style={font=\scriptsize},
        xlabel={$\scriptstyle t$}, 
        xlabel style={xshift=0.3cm, yshift=-0.1cm}, 
        ylabel={$x(t)$}, 
        ylabel style={font=\small,yshift=0.2cm},
        ]
        \addplot+[thick,mark=none,const plot]
        coordinates
        {(-1.25,0) (-1.0,1) (1.0,1) (1.0,0) (3.75,0)};
    \end{axis}%
\end{tikzpicture}
$\xLongleftrightarrow{\mathcal{F}}$
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[name=FourierA, 
    xmin=-6*pi, xmax = 6*pi, 
    ymin = -0.25, ymax = 1.2,
    axis x line=middle, 
    height=4.5cm, width=6.0cm, 
    x axis line style={thick},  
    axis y line=middle, 
    y axis line style={thick},
    ytick={1},
    yticklabels={$\scriptstyle aT$},
    xticklabels={draw=none},
    xlabel={$\scriptstyle \Omega$}, 
    xlabel style={xshift=0.3cm,yshift=-0.1cm}, ylabel={$\scriptstyle X(j\Omega)$}, 
    ylabel style={xshift=0.0cm},
    ]
        \addplot [red, dashed, domain = -6*pi:6*pi, samples = 100] {sin(2*x*180/pi)/(2*x) };
    \end{axis}%
\end{tikzpicture}
\\
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.0, every node/.style={scale=1.0}]
\begin{axis}[name=RectB, xmin=-1.25, xmax = 2.5, 
        ymin = 0, ymax = 1.25,
        axis x line=middle, height=4.0cm, width=5.0cm, 
        x axis line style={thick},
        axis y line=middle, 
        y axis line style={thick},
        %title = {Square wave},
        ytick={1},
        yticklabels={$a$},
        xtick={-0.25,0.25},
        xticklabels={\scriptsize $-\tfrac{T}{8}$,$\tfrac{T}{8}$},
        tick style={draw=none}, 
        y tick label style={font=\small, xshift={-0.2cm},yshift={0.2cm}},
        x tick label style={font=\scriptsize},
        xlabel={$\scriptstyle t$}, 
        xlabel style={xshift=0.3cm, yshift=-0.1cm}, 
        ylabel={$x(t)$}, 
        ylabel style={font=\small,yshift=0.2cm},
        ]
        \addplot+[thick,mark=none,const plot]
        coordinates
        {(-1.25,0) (-0.25,0) (-0.25,1) (0.25,1) (0.25,0) (3.75,0)};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
$\xLongleftrightarrow{\mathcal{F}}$
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.0, every node/.style={scale=1.0}]
\begin{axis}[name=FourierB, xmin=-6*pi, xmax = 6*pi, 
    ymin = -0.25, ymax = 1.2,
    axis x line=middle, 
    height=4.5cm, width=6.0cm, 
    x axis line style={thick},  
    axis y line=middle, 
    y axis line style={thick},
    ytick={0.25},
    yticklabels={$\scriptstyle  aT\//4$},
    xticklabels={draw=none},
    xlabel={$\scriptstyle \Omega$}, 
    xlabel style={xshift=0.3cm,yshift=-0.1cm}, ylabel={$\scriptstyle X(j\Omega)$}, 
    ylabel style={xshift=0.0cm},
    ]
        \addplot [red, dashed, domain = -6*pi:6*pi, samples = 100] {0.25*sin(0.5*x*180/pi)/(0.5*x) };
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

答案1

将所有axis环境放在同一个 中，并使用键、一些移位和各种锚点tikzpicture将轴相对于其他轴定位。例如，对于轴，使用atoriginFourierA

at={(RectA.right of origin)},
xshift=1cm,
anchor=left of origin,

这些锚点在第 4.19 节中描述对齐选项手册pgfplots。基本上，left of origin位于轴的左侧，与原点处于同一高度。对于right of/ above/也类似below。

因此，上述代码将把轴left of origin的锚点放置在的锚点FourierA上，但向右移动 1cm。将 1cm 修改为您喜欢的任何值。right of originRectA

要放置箭头，请在两个轴之间创建一条路径，并将节点添加到该路径，例如

\path (RectA) -- node{$\xLongleftrightarrow{\mathcal{F}}$} (FourierA);

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

% for plotting mathematical functions
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{makecell}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots}

% For text positioning
\usepackage{textpos}
\usepackage{graphics}

% boldface math symbols
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{extarrows}

% For drawing block diagrams, plotting, etc
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, arrows, arrows.meta, positioning, calc, quotes, backgrounds,intersections, fit, matrix}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}


\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.0, every node/.style={scale=1.0}]
    \begin{axis}[name=RectA, 
     xmin=-1.25, xmax = 2.5, 
        ymin = 0, ymax = 1.25,
        axis x line=middle, height=4.0cm, width=5.0cm, 
        x axis line style={thick},
        axis y line=middle, 
        y axis line style={thick},
        %title = {Square wave},
        ytick={1},
        yticklabels={$a$},
        xtick={-1.0,1.0},
        xticklabels={\scriptsize $-T\//2$,$T\//2$},
        tick style={draw=none}, 
        y tick label style={font=\small, xshift={-0.2cm},yshift={0.2cm}},
        x tick label style={font=\scriptsize},
        xlabel={$\scriptstyle t$}, 
        xlabel style={xshift=0.3cm, yshift=-0.1cm}, 
        ylabel={$x(t)$}, 
        ylabel style={font=\small,yshift=0.2cm},
        ]
        \addplot+[thick,mark=none,const plot]
        coordinates
        {(-1.25,0) (-1.0,1) (1.0,1) (1.0,0) (3.75,0)};
    \end{axis}%
    
    \begin{axis}[
    at={(RectA.right of origin)},
    xshift=1cm,
    anchor=left of origin,
    name=FourierA, 
    xmin=-6*pi, xmax = 6*pi, 
    ymin = -0.25, ymax = 1.2,
    axis x line=middle, 
    height=4.5cm, width=6.0cm, 
    x axis line style={thick},  
    axis y line=middle, 
    y axis line style={thick},
    ytick={1},
    yticklabels={$\scriptstyle aT$},
    xticklabels={draw=none},
    xlabel={$\scriptstyle \Omega$}, 
    xlabel style={xshift=0.3cm,yshift=-0.1cm}, ylabel={$\scriptstyle X(j\Omega)$}, 
    ylabel style={xshift=0.0cm},
    ]
        \addplot [red, dashed, domain = -6*pi:6*pi, samples = 100] {sin(2*x*180/pi)/(2*x) };
    \end{axis}%
    
\begin{axis}[name=RectB,
      at={(RectA.below origin)},
      yshift=-1cm,
      anchor=above origin,
       xmin=-1.25, xmax = 2.5, 
        ymin = 0, ymax = 1.25,
        axis x line=middle, height=4.0cm, width=5.0cm, 
        x axis line style={thick},
        axis y line=middle, 
        y axis line style={thick},
        %title = {Square wave},
        ytick={1},
        yticklabels={$a$},
        xtick={-0.25,0.25},
        xticklabels={\scriptsize $-\tfrac{T}{8}$,$\tfrac{T}{8}$},
        tick style={draw=none}, 
        y tick label style={font=\small, xshift={-0.2cm},yshift={0.2cm}},
        x tick label style={font=\scriptsize},
        xlabel={$\scriptstyle t$}, 
        xlabel style={xshift=0.3cm, yshift=-0.1cm}, 
        ylabel={$x(t)$}, 
        ylabel style={font=\small,yshift=0.2cm},
        ]
        \addplot+[thick,mark=none,const plot]
        coordinates
        {(-1.25,0) (-0.25,0) (-0.25,1) (0.25,1) (0.25,0) (3.75,0)};
    \end{axis}

\begin{axis}[name=FourierB,
    at={(RectB.right of origin)},
    xshift=1cm,
    anchor=left of origin,
    xmin=-6*pi, xmax = 6*pi, 
    ymin = -0.25, ymax = 1.2,
    axis x line=middle, 
    height=4.5cm, width=6.0cm, 
    x axis line style={thick},  
    axis y line=middle, 
    y axis line style={thick},
    ytick={0.25},
    yticklabels={$\scriptstyle  aT\//4$},
    xticklabels={draw=none},
    xlabel={$\scriptstyle \Omega$}, 
    xlabel style={xshift=0.3cm,yshift=-0.1cm}, ylabel={$\scriptstyle X(j\Omega)$}, 
    ylabel style={xshift=0.0cm},
    ]
        \addplot [red, dashed, domain = -6*pi:6*pi, samples = 100] {0.25*sin(0.5*x*180/pi)/(0.5*x) };
    \end{axis}
    
\path (RectA) -- node{$\xLongleftrightarrow{\mathcal{F}}$} (FourierA);
\path (RectB) -- node{$\xLongleftrightarrow{\mathcal{F}}$} (FourierB);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

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