添加背景颜色后，第一列第二行的文本被隐藏了。不知道如何修复它

Question 1

您可以使用具有多种优点的表格{NiceTabular}来制作该表格nicematrix。

在中{NiceTabular}，您可以使用命令\Block来垂直和水平合并单元格。垂直合并时，您可以指定逻辑行数而不是身体的行与一样\multirow。
您可以为行和列着色，而无须使用负数参数\multirow。
您可以使用钥匙绘制所有规则hvlines。
您不会看到 Zarko 的答案中出现的细白线。

但是，中没有x列类型{NiceTabular}（可能在未来版本中）。在我的示例中，我进行了计算，以便获得这样的行为{tabularx}（我采用了 Zarko 答案的值）。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\usepackage{mathpazo}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage[scaled]{helvet}

\usepackage{nicematrix}
\NiceMatrixOptions{cell-space-limits=5pt}

\title{Trial}
\author{ble}
\date{March 2021}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{0.5mm}      % thicker arrayrules
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}               % reduced separation between column content from their borders
\begin{NiceTabular}[hvlines]
              {m{4em}
               >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{\dimexpr (\textwidth -4em -6\tabcolsep -4\arrayrulewidth)/10*3}
               >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{\dimexpr (\textwidth -4em -6\tabcolsep -4\arrayrulewidth)/10*7}}
\CodeBefore
    \columncolor{gray!85}{1}
    \rowcolor{lightgray}{1}
\Body
 Type  & Item & Discharge Method \\
\Block{3-1}{Paper}
    & Newspapers 
        & While disposing it should not be wet, one should spread it out evenly or should be tied into a single pile. Advertisements coated with vinyl, vinyl, and other dirt should not be mixed
        \\  
    & Brochures, Notebooks, Paper Shopping Bags, Calendar, Wrappers 
        &   Remove the vinyl-coated cover and spring from the notebook. Discharge separately. Plastic wrapping paper is excluded
        \\  
    & Paper Cups, Paper Packs 
        & Empty the contents, rinse it with water, squeeze it, dispose in a bag or bundle it together.
        \\  
\Block{2-1}{Cans}
    & Boxes (Snacks, Package Boxes, Corrugated Boxes, etc.) 
        & Remove the vinyl coating, tape attached to the box and staples, crush or fold for easier transportation 
        \\  
    & Iron Cans, Aluminum Cans (Drinks and Foods) 
        &  Empty contents, rinse with water and squeeze if possible. 
        \\  
\Block{2-1}{Bottles}
    & Other Cans (Butane Gas, Pesticide Containers) 
        & Empty content by drilling a hole, remove plastic cap if present and dispose. Dispose in a bag (vinyl bag is permitted).
        \\  
    &  Beverage Bottles and Other Bottles 
        & Remove the bottle cap, empty the contents, rinse it with water and discharge it separately. Do not put foreign substances such as cigarette butts 
        * For beer bottles, etc., the empty container and deposit system is used at retail stores, etc. 
        \\  
    & Pesticide Bottles 
        & Rinse it with water and discharge it separately do not mix with beverage bottles. 
        \\  
\Block{2-1}{Metals}
    & Scrap Metals (Tools, Steel Wires, Nails, Iron Plates, Electric Wires, etc.) 
        & Prevent mixing with foreign substances, place in a transparent bag or tie it with a string to dispose. 
        \\  
    & Non-ferrous Metals (Nickel Silvers, Aluminums, Stainless Steels) 
        & Prevent mixing with foreign substances, place in a transparent bag or tie it with a string to dispose.
        \\  
\Block{3-1}{Plastics}
    & PET bottles, Synthetic resin containers.
        & Remove lid, empty contents, rinse with water and squeeze it to reduce the volume, as much as possible
        * Excluding waste oil containers. 
        \\  
    & Household goods 
        & Remove foreign substances, attached trademarks, etc. completely and place in a transparent vinyl or bundle them to dispose them.
        Empty the residue of fruits and fish boxes completely and rinse thoroughly with water to dispose. 
        \\  
    & Waste Styrofoam 
        & Excluding disposable cup noodle containers, lunch boxes and waste Styrofoam coated with foreign substances or other materials (PE, PP, etc.) \\
Textiles 
    & Pure Wool, Mixed Wool, Innerwear, Outwear, etc. 
        & Except wet clothes, nylon, disposable diapers, quilted blankets, etc. Tie it using a string or dispose in a box or transparent vinyl. \\
Batteries 
    & MR, SR 
        & Dispose in a transparent vinyl or box. 
        \\  
Vinyl 
    & Snack Bags, Ramen Bags, Household Rubber Gloves, Disposable Plastic Bags, etc. 
        & Only plastic bags are collected separately and discharged. If foreign substances such as food are smeared, wash them thoroughly and dispose. 
        \\  
\end{NiceTabular}
\caption{Recyclables}
\label{tab:my_label}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Answer

您可以使用具有多种优点的表格{NiceTabular}来制作该表格nicematrix。

在中{NiceTabular}，您可以使用命令\Block来垂直和水平合并单元格。垂直合并时，您可以指定逻辑行数而不是身体的行与一样\multirow。
您可以为行和列着色，而无须使用负数参数\multirow。
您可以使用钥匙绘制所有规则hvlines。
您不会看到 Zarko 的答案中出现的细白线。

但是，中没有x列类型{NiceTabular}（可能在未来版本中）。在我的示例中，我进行了计算，以便获得这样的行为{tabularx}（我采用了 Zarko 答案的值）。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\usepackage{mathpazo}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage[scaled]{helvet}

\usepackage{nicematrix}
\NiceMatrixOptions{cell-space-limits=5pt}

\title{Trial}
\author{ble}
\date{March 2021}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{0.5mm}      % thicker arrayrules
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}               % reduced separation between column content from their borders
\begin{NiceTabular}[hvlines]
              {m{4em}
               >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{\dimexpr (\textwidth -4em -6\tabcolsep -4\arrayrulewidth)/10*3}
               >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{\dimexpr (\textwidth -4em -6\tabcolsep -4\arrayrulewidth)/10*7}}
\CodeBefore
    \columncolor{gray!85}{1}
    \rowcolor{lightgray}{1}
\Body
 Type  & Item & Discharge Method \\
\Block{3-1}{Paper}
    & Newspapers 
        & While disposing it should not be wet, one should spread it out evenly or should be tied into a single pile. Advertisements coated with vinyl, vinyl, and other dirt should not be mixed
        \\  
    & Brochures, Notebooks, Paper Shopping Bags, Calendar, Wrappers 
        &   Remove the vinyl-coated cover and spring from the notebook. Discharge separately. Plastic wrapping paper is excluded
        \\  
    & Paper Cups, Paper Packs 
        & Empty the contents, rinse it with water, squeeze it, dispose in a bag or bundle it together.
        \\  
\Block{2-1}{Cans}
    & Boxes (Snacks, Package Boxes, Corrugated Boxes, etc.) 
        & Remove the vinyl coating, tape attached to the box and staples, crush or fold for easier transportation 
        \\  
    & Iron Cans, Aluminum Cans (Drinks and Foods) 
        &  Empty contents, rinse with water and squeeze if possible. 
        \\  
\Block{2-1}{Bottles}
    & Other Cans (Butane Gas, Pesticide Containers) 
        & Empty content by drilling a hole, remove plastic cap if present and dispose. Dispose in a bag (vinyl bag is permitted).
        \\  
    &  Beverage Bottles and Other Bottles 
        & Remove the bottle cap, empty the contents, rinse it with water and discharge it separately. Do not put foreign substances such as cigarette butts 
        * For beer bottles, etc., the empty container and deposit system is used at retail stores, etc. 
        \\  
    & Pesticide Bottles 
        & Rinse it with water and discharge it separately do not mix with beverage bottles. 
        \\  
\Block{2-1}{Metals}
    & Scrap Metals (Tools, Steel Wires, Nails, Iron Plates, Electric Wires, etc.) 
        & Prevent mixing with foreign substances, place in a transparent bag or tie it with a string to dispose. 
        \\  
    & Non-ferrous Metals (Nickel Silvers, Aluminums, Stainless Steels) 
        & Prevent mixing with foreign substances, place in a transparent bag or tie it with a string to dispose.
        \\  
\Block{3-1}{Plastics}
    & PET bottles, Synthetic resin containers.
        & Remove lid, empty contents, rinse with water and squeeze it to reduce the volume, as much as possible
        * Excluding waste oil containers. 
        \\  
    & Household goods 
        & Remove foreign substances, attached trademarks, etc. completely and place in a transparent vinyl or bundle them to dispose them.
        Empty the residue of fruits and fish boxes completely and rinse thoroughly with water to dispose. 
        \\  
    & Waste Styrofoam 
        & Excluding disposable cup noodle containers, lunch boxes and waste Styrofoam coated with foreign substances or other materials (PE, PP, etc.) \\
Textiles 
    & Pure Wool, Mixed Wool, Innerwear, Outwear, etc. 
        & Except wet clothes, nylon, disposable diapers, quilted blankets, etc. Tie it using a string or dispose in a box or transparent vinyl. \\
Batteries 
    & MR, SR 
        & Dispose in a transparent vinyl or box. 
        \\  
Vinyl 
    & Snack Bags, Ramen Bags, Household Rubber Gloves, Disposable Plastic Bags, etc. 
        & Only plastic bags are collected separately and discharged. If foreign substances such as food are smeared, wash them thoroughly and dispose. 
        \\  
\end{NiceTabular}
\caption{Recyclables}
\label{tab:my_label}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Question 2

也许你应该扩展或者澄清你的问题。

我把你的表格整理如下

\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[left=2.00cm, right=2.00cm, top=2.00cm, bottom=2.00cm]{geometry}

<your MWE>

\end{document}

并且没有发现任何缺失的行。或者是您添加了另一种背景颜色？

不相关：删除表格环境中的空行。

Answer