使用表格格式

Question 1

我可能会把它放在横向页面上。下面是使用的尝试tabularx，仅供您参考：

\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt, twoside, openright]{report}
\usepackage{mathtools, array, multirow, booktabs}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\usepackage{afterpage}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\hsize=\dimexpr3\hsize+3\tabcolsep+2\arrayrulewidth\relax}X}
\begin{document}
\lipsum

\afterpage{%
    \clearpage%
    \begin{landscape}
        \begin{table}[p]
        \centering
        \caption{Guidelines for excavation and support of rock tunnels in accordance to RMR.}
          \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{XXXXX}
            \toprule
            \multirow{2}{\hsize}{\textbf{Rock Mass Class (RMR value range)}}&    \multirow{2}{\hsize}{\textbf{Excavation}}&\multicolumn{3}{Y}{\textbf{Supports}}\\
            \cmidrule(lr){3-5}
            &   &   \textbf{Rock bolts (20 mm diameter, fully grouted)}&    \textbf{Conventional shotcrete}&    \textbf{Steel Sets}\\
            \midrule
            Very Good Rock\newline
            \textit{81-100}&    Full face; 3 m advance& \multicolumn{3}{Y}{Generally, no support required except for occasional spot bolting}\\
            \addlinespace
            Good Rock \newline
            \textit{61-80}& Full face; 1.0--1.5 m advance; complete support 20 m from face&  Locally, bolts in crown 3m long, spaced 2.5 m with occasional wire mesh&    50 mm in crown where required&  None\\
            \addlinespace   
            Fair Rock\newline
            \textit{41-60}& Heading and bench; 1.5--3 m advance in heading; commence support after each blast; complete support 10 m from face&  Systematic bolts 4 m long, spaced 1.5--2.0 m in crown and walls with wire mesh in crown&  50--100 mm in crown and 30 mm in sides&  None\\
            \bottomrule
            \end{tabularx}
        \end{table}
    \end{landscape}
}
\lipsum
\end{document}

这定义了一种新的列类型，Y基本上是三X列 --- 这是在 s 中使用\multicolumn。我忽略了定义一种新的两列列类型X，因为只需要一次，但如果您发现自己再次需要它，那么定义另一个列类型是有意义的（Z比如说）。

整个事情显然远非完美，但我认为它会给你一个开始 --- 并且我可能会在你获得所有信息之后再摆弄具体的格式。

Answer

我可能会把它放在横向页面上。下面是使用的尝试tabularx，仅供您参考：

\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt, twoside, openright]{report}
\usepackage{mathtools, array, multirow, booktabs}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\usepackage{afterpage}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\hsize=\dimexpr3\hsize+3\tabcolsep+2\arrayrulewidth\relax}X}
\begin{document}
\lipsum

\afterpage{%
    \clearpage%
    \begin{landscape}
        \begin{table}[p]
        \centering
        \caption{Guidelines for excavation and support of rock tunnels in accordance to RMR.}
          \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{XXXXX}
            \toprule
            \multirow{2}{\hsize}{\textbf{Rock Mass Class (RMR value range)}}&    \multirow{2}{\hsize}{\textbf{Excavation}}&\multicolumn{3}{Y}{\textbf{Supports}}\\
            \cmidrule(lr){3-5}
            &   &   \textbf{Rock bolts (20 mm diameter, fully grouted)}&    \textbf{Conventional shotcrete}&    \textbf{Steel Sets}\\
            \midrule
            Very Good Rock\newline
            \textit{81-100}&    Full face; 3 m advance& \multicolumn{3}{Y}{Generally, no support required except for occasional spot bolting}\\
            \addlinespace
            Good Rock \newline
            \textit{61-80}& Full face; 1.0--1.5 m advance; complete support 20 m from face&  Locally, bolts in crown 3m long, spaced 2.5 m with occasional wire mesh&    50 mm in crown where required&  None\\
            \addlinespace   
            Fair Rock\newline
            \textit{41-60}& Heading and bench; 1.5--3 m advance in heading; commence support after each blast; complete support 10 m from face&  Systematic bolts 4 m long, spaced 1.5--2.0 m in crown and walls with wire mesh in crown&  50--100 mm in crown and 30 mm in sides&  None\\
            \bottomrule
            \end{tabularx}
        \end{table}
    \end{landscape}
}
\lipsum
\end{document}

这定义了一种新的列类型，Y基本上是三X列 --- 这是在 s 中使用\multicolumn。我忽略了定义一种新的两列列类型X，因为只需要一次，但如果您发现自己再次需要它，那么定义另一个列类型是有意义的（Z比如说）。

整个事情显然远非完美，但我认为它会给你一个开始 --- 并且我可能会在你获得所有信息之后再摆弄具体的格式。

Question 2

此表格非常接近您的目标。它非常适合横向显示，字体大小也易于阅读。

它是使用包制作的nicematrix。它提供了创建多列和多行单元格的命令\Block，因此代码更紧凑、更易于阅读和维护。

\Block[l]{6-1}{<..>}创建一个 6 行 1 列的单元格。（只需学习一个新命令！）

最重要的是，它允许您使用\\内部，从而在阅读时在最有意义的地方剪切线条。见最后一张图。

允许\newcolumntype{P}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{0.15\textwidth}}调整五列的宽度以适合文本区域，并且还可以避免raggedright单词之间出现尴尬的空格。

\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{report}

\usepackage{pdflscape} % landscape  added <<<<<<<<<
\usepackage{geometry}% added <<<<<<<<<

\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{booktabs} % rules
\usepackage{nicematrix} % added <<<<<<<<<
\newcolumntype{P}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{0.15\textwidth}}

\begin{document}
    
    \begin{landscape}
        \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-15pt} % shift up the table
        \pagestyle{empty}   
        \begin{table}[ht!]
            \centering
            \footnotesize
            \caption{Guidelines for excavation and support of rock tunnels in accordance to RMR.}   
            \begin{NiceTabular}{@{}P P P P P @{}}
                \toprule
                &&  \Block{1-3}{\bfseries Supports} &&\\  % headings of the table
                \cline{3-5}
                \Block{2-1}<\bfseries>{Rock Mass \\Class}  &    
                \Block{2-1}<\bfseries>{Excavation}&  
                \Block{3-1}<\bfseries>{Rock bolts \\ (20mm diameter, \\fully grouted)} & 
                \Block{3-1}<\bfseries>{Conventional \\ shotcrete} & 
                \Block[l]{3-1}<\bfseries>{Steel Sets}  \\ 
                &&&&\\       &&&& \\    % two  empty rows
                \midrule
                &&&& \\
                \Block[l]{2-1}{Very Good Rock \\ \textit{RMR = 81--100}}&    %Row #1
                \Block[l]{2-1}{Full face; \\ 3m advance}&  
                \Block{2-3}{Generally, no support required except for\\ occasional spot bolting} && \\          
                &&&&\\       &&&&\\     % two more empty rows   
                
                \Block[l]{2-1}{Good Rock \\ \textit{RMR = 61--80}}&  %Row #2
                \Block[l]{4-1}{Full face; 1.0-1.5m \\ advance; complete \\support 20m from \\face}&
                \Block[l]{5-1}{Locally, bolts in  \\crown 3m long, \\spaced 2.5m with\\ occasional wire\\ mesh}&  
                \Block[l]{2-1}{50mm in crown \\ where required}&  
                \Block[l]{1-1}{None}\\              
                &&&&\\   &&&&\\  &&&&\\  &&&&\\ &&&&\\  % five more empty rows  
                
                \Block[l]{2-1}{Fair Rock \\ \textit{RMR = 41--60}}&  %Row #3
                \Block[l]{7-1}{Heading and bench; \\ 1.5--3m advance in\\ heading; commence\\ support after each\\ blast; complete\\ support 10m from\\ face}& 
                \Block[l]{5-1}{Systematic bolts\\ 4m long, spaced\\ 1.5--2.0m  in crown \\and walls with wire\\ mesh in crown}&  \Block[l]{3-1}{50-100mm in \\crown and 30mm \\in sides}&
                \Block[l]{1-1}{None}\\
                &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\          &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\  % seven more empty rows 
                
                \Block[l]{2-1}{Poor Rock \\ \textit{RMR = 21--40}}&  %Row #4
                \Block[l]{7-1}{Top heading and bench; \\ 1.0--1.5m advance in\\top  heading; commence\\ install support \\ concurrently\\ with excavation\\  10m from face}& 
                \Block[l]{5-1}{Systematic bolts\\ 4--5m long, spaced\\ 1--1.5m  in crown \\and walls with wire\\ mesh}&  \Block[l]{3-1}{50-150mm in \\crown and 100mm \\in sides}&
                \Block[l]{3-1}{ Light to medium \\ ribs spaced 1.5m \\where required}\\     
                &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\% seven more empty rows
                
                \Block[l]{2-1}{Very Poor Rock \\ \textit{RMR < 20}}&  %Row #5 last
                \Block[l]{8-1}{Multiple drift;\\ 0.5--1.5m advance in \\top heading; install\\ support concurrently\\ with excavation; \\shotconcrete as soon\\ as possible after \\ blasting}&
                \Block[l]{5-1}{Systematic bolts\\ 5--6m long, spaced\\ 1--1.5m  in crown \\and walls with wire\\ mesh; bolts inverts}&  \Block[l]{4-1}{150-200mm in \\crown, 150mm \\in sides and 50mm  \\on face}&
                \Block[l]{6-1}{Medium  to heavy\\ ribs spaced 0.75m \\with steel lagging \\and forepoling if \\required; close\\ invert}\\
                &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\      &&&&\\  % seven more empty rows     
                \bottomrule     
            \end{NiceTabular}
            
        \end{table}
    \end{landscape} 
    
\end{document}

第一次将会编译两次。

行越长，越容易阅读和理解。

Answer