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适当调整 pgfplot 组图至 \textwidth

tag-icon • tag-icon pgfplots groupplots textwidth
适当调整 pgfplot 组图至 \textwidth

我在将 pgfplot 的宽度设置为页面宽度时遇到了麻烦。我发现这个帖子其中详细讨论了该问题，但提供的答案不适用external，其他解决方案会缩放字体。我试图将一个由两个图组成的 pgfplot 插入到我的文档中。这是代码

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[]
\begin{groupplot}[group style={group name=myplot, group size= 2 by 1, horizontal sep=2.5em}, width=1\textwidth, every axis plot/.append style={line width=0.4mm, line join=round},
      xmin=-1,xmax=1,
      ymin=-1,ymax=1.,
]
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x};
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x^2};
\end{groupplot}    
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

我已经使用该layouts包来确定linewidth和textwidth参数：

linewidth: \printinunitsof{cm}\prntlen{\linewidth}
textwidth: \printinunitsof{cm}\prntlen{\textwidth}

并且它们都是11.1484cm。问题是当我使用时，图像超出了这些尺寸width=1\textwidth。我可以手动调整图像以占据我想要的宽度，但我认为一定有更好的方法。看似如此简单的事情不可能如此难以实现。提供的解决方案应该是通用的，即应该适用于 groupplot 中任意数量的图。字体不应缩放，而应与文档的其余部分保持相同的大小。它的适用性也很重要，\usetikzlibrary{external}因为我要处理很多图形。

答案1

这只是猜测。但是，它实现了某些功能harmonicnumber，因此可能并非完全无用。在手头的例子中，它也能正常工作。但必须“猜测”一些参数，而且很可能它通常不起作用，但通过调整，guessed width您可能会得到可接受的结果。更简洁的方法可能是了解pgfplots内部发生了什么，或者遵循John Kormylo 的方法。

但我得到的就是这样。calc图书馆和线条

\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
 in \pgfextra{\typeout{width used=\x1, width available=\the\textwidth}};

只是为了检查空间的利用效率。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
\makeatletter
\pgfmathdeclarefunction*{harmonicnumber}{2}{%
\begingroup%
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\pgfutil@tmpa{#1}%
\ifnum\pgfutil@tmpa>1\relax
\pgfmathsetmacro\pgfutil@tmpb{harmonicnumber(\pgfutil@tmpa-1,#2)}%
\pgfmathparse{\pgfutil@tmpb+1/pow(\pgfutil@tmpa,#2)}%
\else
\pgfmathparse{1}%
\fi
\pgfmathsmuggle\pgfmathresult\endgroup%
}
\pgfplotsset{guess width/.code={%
\pgfmathsetmacro\pgfutil@tmpw{harmonicnumber(\pgfplots@group@columns-1,3)*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/guessed offset}+\textwidth/\pgfplots@group@columns}%
\pgfplotsset{width=\pgfutil@tmpw pt}%
},guessed offset/.initial=15pt}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\noindent
\begin{tikzpicture}[]
\begin{groupplot}[group style={group name=myplot, group size= 2 by 1, 
    horizontal sep=2.5em},guess width,  
    every axis plot/.append style={line width=0.4mm, line join=round},
      xmin=-1,xmax=1,
      ymin=-1,ymax=1.,
]
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x};
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x^2};
\end{groupplot}    
\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
 in \pgfextra{\typeout{width used=\x1, width available=\the\textwidth}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\noindent
\begin{tikzpicture}[]
\begin{groupplot}[group style={group name=myplot, group size= 3 by 1, 
    horizontal sep=2.5em},guess width,  
    every axis plot/.append style={line width=0.4mm, line join=round},
      xmin=-1,xmax=1,
      ymin=-1,ymax=1.,
]
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x};
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x^2};
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x^3};
\end{groupplot}    
\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
 in \pgfextra{\typeout{width used=\x1, width available=\the\textwidth}};
\end{tikzpicture}


\noindent
\begin{tikzpicture}[]
\begin{groupplot}[group style={group name=myplot, group size= 4 by 1, 
    horizontal sep=2.5em},guess width,  
    every axis plot/.append style={line width=0.4mm, line join=round},
      xmin=-1,xmax=1,
      ymin=-1,ymax=1.,
]
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x};
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x^2};
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x^3};
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x^4};
\end{groupplot}    
\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
 in \pgfextra{\typeout{width used=\x1, width available=\the\textwidth}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

该解决方案运行两次绘图，使用第一次运行的实际宽度来调整第二次运行的宽度。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots}
\usepackage{showframe}

\newsavebox{\tempbox}

\begin{document}
\savebox{\tempbox}{\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{groupplot}[group style={group name=myplot, group size= 2 by 1, horizontal sep=2.5em},
      width=0.5\textwidth,
      every axis plot/.append style={line width=0.4mm, line join=round},
      xmin=-1,xmax=1,
      ymin=-1,ymax=1.,
]
\nextgroupplot[]
%\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x};
\nextgroupplot[]
%\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x^2};
\end{groupplot}
\end{tikzpicture}}% measure width

\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}[]
\begin{groupplot}[group style={group name=myplot, group size= 2 by 1, horizontal sep=2.5em},
      width={\dimexpr \textwidth-0.5\wd\tempbox},
      every axis plot/.append style={line width=0.4mm, line join=round},
      xmin=-1,xmax=1,
      ymin=-1,ymax=1.,
]
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x};
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x^2};
\end{groupplot}
\draw[red] (current bounding box.south west) rectangle (current bounding box.north east);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

这说明了如何使用 groupwidth 环境仅输入一次代码。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots}
\usepackage{environ}
\usepackage{showframe}


\NewEnviron{groupwidth}[1]{% #1 = number of groupplots per row
  \tikzset{/pgfplots/width={\dimexpr \textwidth/#1}}%
  \sbox0{\BODY}%
  \tikzset{/pgfplots/width={\dimexpr 2\textwidth/#1 - \wd0/#1}}%
  \BODY}

\begin{document}
\noindent\begin{groupwidth}{2}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{groupplot}[group style={group name=myplot, group size= 2 by 1, horizontal sep=2.5em},
      every axis plot/.append style={line width=0.4mm, line join=round},
      xmin=-1,xmax=1,
      ymin=-1,ymax=1.,
]
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x};
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x^2};
\end{groupplot}
\end{tikzpicture}%
\end{groupwidth}

\end{document}

此版本使用辅助文件在运行之间进行通信。您无需绘制 tikzpicture 两次，而是至少运行整个文档两次。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots}
\usepackage{showframe}

\newcommand{\newgroupwidth}[2]% #1 = id, #2 = width to use
  {\expandafter\xdef\csname groupwidth#1\endcsname{#2}}

\newcounter{groupwidth}
\newsavebox{\groupwidthbox}
\makeatletter
\newenvironment{groupwidth}[1]% #1 = number of groupplots per row
 {\edef\groupnumber{#1}% save for \endgroupwidth
  \stepcounter{groupwidth}%
  \@ifundefined{groupwidth\thegroupwidth}{\pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\mywidth}{\textwidth/\groupnumber}}%
    {\expandafter\let\expandafter\mywidth\csname groupwidth\thegroupwidth\endcsname}%
  \begin{lrbox}{\groupwidthbox}%
    \tikzset{/pgfplots/width={\mywidth}}%
    \ignorespaces}%
 {\end{lrbox}%
  \usebox\groupwidthbox
  \pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\mywidth}{\mywidth + (\textwidth - \wd\groupwidthbox)/\groupnumber}
  \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\newgroupwidth{\thegroupwidth}{\mywidth}}}
\makeatother

\begin{document}
\noindent\begin{groupwidth}{2}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{groupplot}[group style={group name=myplot, group size= 2 by 1, horizontal sep=2.5em},
      every axis plot/.append style={line width=0.4mm, line join=round},
      xmin=-1,xmax=1,
      ymin=-1,ymax=1.,
]
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x};
\nextgroupplot[]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x^2};
\end{groupplot}
%\draw[red] (current bounding box.south west) rectangle (current bounding box.north east);
\end{tikzpicture}%
\end{groupwidth}

\end{document}

答案3

考虑一下：

创建一个名为的文件groupPlot.tikz，其中包含以下内容：

% groupPlot.tikz
\begin{tikzpicture}[]
\usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots}
\begin{groupplot}[group style={group name=myplot, group size= 2 by 1, horizontal sep=2.5em},
width=1\textwidth,
every axis plot/.append style={line width=0.4mm, line join=round},
      xmin=-1,xmax=1,
      ymin=-1,ymax=1.,
]
\nextgroupplot[width=0.5\textwidth]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x};
\nextgroupplot[width=0.5\textwidth]
\addplot + [mark=none, domain=-1:1] {x^2};
\end{groupplot}    
\end{tikzpicture}

呼吁tikzscale在您的主文档中打包，然后使用以下includegraphics命令，如本例所示：

% main.tex
\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tikz,pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\usepackage{tikzscale}
\usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots}

\usepackage[showframe]{geometry} % For visibility
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1]
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=0.3\textwidth]{groupPlot.tikz}
    \caption{Caption}
    \label{fig:my_label}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

结果：

文章文档类

作为另一项试验，与bookdocumentclass 一起使用，修改为tufte-book布局：

% main.tex
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{tikz,pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\usepackage{tikzscale}
\usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots}

\usepackage[a4paper,left=24.8mm,top=27.4mm,headsep=2\baselineskip,textwidth=107mm,marginparsep=8.2mm,marginparwidth=49.4mm,textheight=49\baselineskip,headheight=\baselineskip,asymmetric,showframe]{geometry} % Tufte book layout
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\chapter*{First Chapter}
\lipsum[1]
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=0.3\textwidth]{groupPlot.tikz}
    \caption{Caption}
    \label{fig:my_label}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

图书文档类

我收到的唯一信息是

包 tikzscale 警告：groupPlot.tikz 的宽度缩放在输入第 16 行仅精确到 31.749pt。

使用 tikzscale，您可以明确定义宽度与高度的纵横比。因此，您可以将选项更改height=0.3\textwidth为最适合您的选项。

我只\nextgroupplot[width=0.5\textwidth]在你的情节中添加了一个，读完之后这个答案。

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