如何在 LaTeX 中绘制下表？
我尝试了此代码，但效果不太好：
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{a4paper,left=3.5cm,right=3.5cm,top=3cm,bottom=3cm}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[h!]
\caption{A complex example for handling tables.}
\centering
Coefficients of friction\\
\begin{tabular}{||c|l|l|c|l||}
\hline\hline \multicolumn{2}{||c|} { Static friction } & & \multicolumn{2}{|c||} { Sliding friction } \\
\cline { 1 - 5} dry and clean & lubricated & & dry and clean & lubricated \\
\hline \hline $0.15$ & $0.111$ & steel on steel & $0.14$ & $0.001$ \\
$0.19$ & $0.1$ & steel on iron & $0.18$ & $0.001$ \\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:my_label}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案1
我建议您选择与查询中显示的屏幕截图截然不同的布局。虽然该布局具有一定的对象层次结构，但多种线条样式使其看起来相当忙碌和混乱，甚至有点巴洛克风格，表格标题中的材料看起来相当拥挤——事实上，这让人感到不舒服。
我建议使用一种不那么杂乱的外观，让读者停留一会儿，真正研究和吸收表格的内容。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array,booktabs,siunitx}
\newcolumntype{T}[1]{S[table-format=#1]}
\usepackage[skip=0.333\baselineskip]{caption}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\caption{A complex example for handling tables}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{@{} l *{2}{T{1.2}T{1.3}} @{}}
\toprule
Material pairings & \multicolumn{4}{c@{}}{Coefficients of friction}\\
\cmidrule(l){2-5}
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Static friction}
& \multicolumn{2}{c@{}}{Sliding friction} \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-3} \cmidrule(l){4-5}
& {dry and clean} & {lubricated} & {dry and clean} & {lubricated} \\
\midrule
Steel on steel & 0.15 & 0.111 & 0.14 & 0.001 \\
Steel on iron & 0.19 & 0.1 & 0.18 & 0.001 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案2
您可以使用\hhline来获取所需的边框：
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{hhline}
\geometry{a4paper,left=3.5cm,right=3.5cm,top=3cm,bottom=3cm}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[h!]
\caption{A complex example for handling tables.}
\centering
Coefficients of friction\\
\begin{tabular}{||c|l|l|c|l||}
\hhline{|t:=====:t|}
\multicolumn{2}{||c|}{Static friction} & & \multicolumn{2}{|c||}{Sliding friction} \\
\hhline{||--|~|--||}
dry and clean & lubricated & & dry and clean & lubricated \\
\hhline{|:=|=|=|=|=:|}
$0.15$ & $0.111$ & steel on steel & $0.14$ & $0.001$ \\
\hhline{||~|~|~|~|~||}
$0.19$ & $0.1$ & steel on iron & $0.18$ & $0.001$ \\
\hhline{|b:=====:b|}
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:my_label}
\end{table}
\end{document}
我宁愿使用booktabs，它看起来更干净，更专业：
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{longtable}
\geometry{a4paper,left=3.5cm,right=3.5cm,top=3cm,bottom=3cm}
\begin{document}
\begin{longtable}{@{}lllll@{}}
\caption{Coefficients of friction}
\label{tab:my-table}\\
\toprule
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Static friction} & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Sliding friction} \\* \cmidrule(r){1-2} \cmidrule(l){4-5}
\endfirsthead
%
\endhead
%
\bottomrule
\endfoot
%
\endlastfoot
%
dry and clean & lubricated & & dry and clean & lubricated \\
0.15 & 0.111 & \textit{steel on steel} & 0.14 & 0.001 \\
0.19 & 0.1 & \textit{steel on iron} & 0.18 & 0.001 \\* \bottomrule
\end{longtable}
\end{document}
答案3
将表格插入到里面\fbox。
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{a4paper,left=3.5cm,right=3.5cm,top=3cm,bottom=3cm}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[h!]
\caption{A complex example for handling tables.}
\vspace{20pt}
\centering
Coefficients of friction\\[2ex]
\fbox{\begin{tabular}{|c|l|l|c|l|} \hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Static friction} & & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Sliding friction} \\ \cline {1-2} \cline{4-5}
dry and clean & lubricated & & dry and clean & lubricated \\ \hline \hline
$0.15$ & $0.111$ & steel on steel & $0.14$ & $0.001$ \\
$0.19$ & $0.1$ & steel on iron & $0.18$ & $0.001$ \\ \hline
\end{tabular}}
\label{tab:my_label}
%
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案4
过多的分隔线会使表格看起来杂乱无章，可读性较差。应尽量少用垂直线，除非绝对必要。空白通常足以分隔信息。组织时，请考虑人们将如何使用表格。由于系数是按材料查找的，因此请将该类别放在左侧。数值数据应在小数点处排列。我过去总是\phantom{}将所有数字居中，小数点后有三位数字，但您也可以使用包S中的列类型siunitx。我还将标题移到了标题中，这是它应有的位置。
注意：表格中的某些值不正确，但为了此示例，我没有编辑数字。
以下是生成上图的代码：
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[h!]
\caption{Coefficients of friction}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
{} &\multicolumn{2}{c}{Static} &\multicolumn{2}{c}{Sliding}\\
\cmidrule(lr){2-3}\cmidrule(lr){4-5}
Material & Dry and clean & Lubricated & Dry and clean & Lubricated\\
\hline
Steel on steel &0.15\phantom{0} &0.111 &0.14\phantom{0} &0.001\\
Steel on iron &0.19\phantom{0} &0.1\phantom{00} &0.18\phantom{0} &0.001
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\label{tab:my_label}
\end{table}%
\end{document}