我稍微修改了一下 .bst 文件，以更改 inbook 的最终参考书目条目。我正确排列了条目的顺序，但我不知道如何将 In ... 后面的逗号改为冒号（见图）。我也在使用 natbib，但不知道这是否相关。
围兜条目如下所示：
@InBook{Flury2013,
author = {Flury, Christian and Huber, Robert and Tasser, Erich},
chapter = {Future of Mountain Agriculture in the Alps},
editor = {Stefan Mann},
pages = {105-126},
title = {The Future of Mountain Agriculture},
year = {2013},
address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
isbn = {9783642335839},
month = {11},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-33584-6\_8},
}
.bst文件中的inbook函数如下所示：
FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
editor format.key output
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
output.year.check % special for apalike
new.block
chapter output
new.block %Lukas
% "In: "
"In" output
format.editors output
format.btitle "title" output.check
format.edition output
new.block
address output
format.pages output
fin.entry
}
以下是完整的 .bst 文件（由于该问题字符太多，删除了一些评论）：
ENTRY
{ address
author
booktitle
chapter
edition
editor
howpublished
institution
journal
key
% month not used in apalike
note
number
organization
pages
publisher
school
series
title
type
volume
year
url
urldate
}
{}
{ label extra.label sort.label }
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
#1 'mid.sentence :=
#2 'after.sentence :=
#3 'after.block :=
}
STRINGS { s t }
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{ ", " * write$ }
{ output.state after.block =
{ add.period$ write$
newline$
"\newblock " write$
}
{ output.state before.all =
'write$
{ add.period$ " " * write$ }
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull
if$
}
% apalike needs this function because
% the year has special punctuation;
% apalike ignores the month
FUNCTION {output.year.check}
{ year empty$
{ "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ write$
" (" year * extra.label * ")" *
% " " year * extra.label * % for humannature
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
"\bibitem[" write$
label write$
"]{" write$
cite$ write$
"}" write$
newline$
""
before.all 'output.state :=
}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
write$
newline$
}
FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.block 'output.state := }
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
'skip$
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.sentence 'output.state := }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {not}
{ { #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {and}
{ 'skip$
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {or}
{ { pop$ #1 }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
swap$ empty$
and
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}
FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ 't := % last name first
nameptr #1 >
{ namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{ numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
t "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * t * }
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
% { s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := % last name last
{ s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{jj}{, f.}" format.name$ 't := % last name first
nameptr #1 >
{ namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{ numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
t "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * t * }
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {format.editor.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := % last name first
nameptr #1 >
{ namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{ numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
t "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * t * }
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
{ "" }
{ author format.names }
if$
" " * % for humannature
}
FUNCTION {format.key} % this function is just for apalike
{ empty$
{ key field.or.null }
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
{ author empty$
{ editor format.names }
{ editor format.editor.names }
if$
editor num.names$ #1 >
{ " (eds.)" * } % for humannature
{ " (ed.)" * } % for humannature
if$
}
if$
author empty$
{ " " * }
{ "" * }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.title}
{
% title empty$
% { "" }
% { title "t" change.case$ }
% if$
title
}
FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
""
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
{ "--" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
{ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
{ "-" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title emphasize
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
{ " " }
if$
swap$ * *
}
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
'pop$
{ "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
{ "" }
{ "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
'skip$
{ " of " * series emphasize * }
if$
"volume and number" number either.or.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
{ number empty$
{ series field.or.null }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ "number" }
{ "Number" }
if$
number tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
{ "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ " in " * series * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.address.publisher}
{
address
%address empty$
% {
% publisher empty$
% { "" }
% { publisher }
% if$
% }
% {
% publisher empty$
% { address ": [publisher unknown]" * }
% { address ": " * publisher * }
% if$
% }
% if$
}
FUNCTION {format.edition}
{
edition
}
INTEGERS { multiresult }
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
t empty$ not
and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "-" =
swap$ duplicate$ "," =
swap$ "+" =
or or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
{ "" }
{ pages multi.page.check
{ "pp.~" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
{ "p.~" pages tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
number empty$
'skip$
{ "(" number * ")" * *
volume empty$
{ "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
pages empty$
'skip$
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ format.pages }
{ ": " * pages n.dashify * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
'format.pages
{ type empty$
{ "chapter" }
{ type "l" change.case$ }
if$
chapter tie.or.space.connect
pages empty$
'skip$
{ ", " * format.pages * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
{ "" }
{ editor empty$
{ "In " booktitle emphasize * }
{ "In " booktitle emphasize * ", " * format.editors * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
'skip$
{ pop$
type "t" change.case$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
{ "Technical Report" }
'type
if$
number empty$
{ "t" change.case$ }
{ number tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.url}
{ url empty$
{ "" }
{ new.block "URL: \url{" url * "}" *
urldate empty$
{ "" }
{ new.block "(Accessed on: " urldate * ")" * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ "In" % this is for apalike
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
{ "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
"In "
}
{ "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
" of " *
}
if$
"\cite{" * crossref * "}" * % this is for apalike
}
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ "In" % this is for apalike
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
crossref missing$
{ journal emphasize "journal" output.check
format.vol.num.pages output
}
{ format.article.crossref output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
format.url output
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
editor format.key output
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
output.year.check % special for apalike
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.edition output
new.block
format.address.publisher output
}
{ new.block
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
new.block
format.url output
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
howpublished output
address output
new.block
note output
format.url output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
editor format.key output
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
output.year.check % special for apalike
new.block
chapter output
new.block %Lukas
% "In: "
"In" output
format.editors output
format.btitle "title" output.check
format.edition output
new.block
address output
format.pages output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.chapter.pages output
new.block
format.address.publisher output
}
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
format.chapter.pages output
}
if$
new.block
format.url output
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.pages output
address output % for apalike
new.sentence % there's no year
organization output % here so things
publisher output % are simpler
}
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
new.block
format.url output
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
organization address new.block.checkb
organization output
address output
format.edition output
new.block
format.url output
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
"Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" output.check
address output
new.block
note output
format.url "" output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "t" output.check
new.block
howpublished output
new.block
note output
format.url output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
new.block
"PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" output.check
address output
new.block
note output
format.url output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
format.editors output
editor format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
address output % for apalike
new.sentence % we always output
organization output % a nonempty organization
publisher output % here
new.block
format.url output
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
format.tr.number output.nonnull
institution "institution" output.check
address output
new.block
format.url output
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
format.url output
note "note" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
MACRO {jan} {"January"}
MACRO {feb} {"February"}
MACRO {mar} {"March"}
MACRO {apr} {"April"}
MACRO {may} {"May"}
MACRO {jun} {"June"}
MACRO {jul} {"July"}
MACRO {aug} {"August"}
MACRO {sep} {"September"}
MACRO {oct} {"October"}
MACRO {nov} {"November"}
MACRO {dec} {"December"}
MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}
MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}
MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}
MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
MACRO {ieeetcad}
{"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}
MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}
MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}
MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}
MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
READ
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
"l" change.case$
}
INTEGERS { len }
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
'len :=
s #1 len substring$ =
{ s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
's
if$
}
% There are three apalike cases: one person (Jones),
% two (Jones and de~Bruijn), and more (Jones et~al.).
% This function is much like format.crossref.editors.
%
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
s num.names$ duplicate$
#2 >
{ pop$ " et~al." * }
{ #2 <
'skip$
{ s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key % apalike uses the whole key
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key % apalike uses the whole key
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key % apalike uses the whole key, no organization
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {calc.label} % this function came from ASTRON.BST (ARR)
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.key.label
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.key.label % apalike ignores organization
'author.key.label % for labeling and sorting
if$
}
if$
"\protect\astroncite{" swap$ * "}{" % these three lines are
* % for apalike, which
year field.or.null purify$ % uses all four digits but doesn't truncate
% @Lukas Änderungen, dass nicht das Jahr truncated wird
* % the mathing closing "}" comes in at the reverse.pass
'label :=
}
FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
""
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ nameptr #1 >
{ " " * }
'skip$
if$ % apalike uses initials
s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't := % <= here
nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
{ "et al" * }
{ t sortify * }
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
"A " #2
"An " #3
"The " #4 t chop.word
chop.word
chop.word
sortify
#1 global.max$ substring$
}
FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.sort}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
% apalike uses two sorting passes; the first one sets the
% labels so that the `a's, `b's, etc. can be computed;
% the second pass puts the references in "correct" order.
% The presort function is for the first pass. It computes
% label, sort.label, and title, and then concatenates.
FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
label sortify
" "
*
type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.sort
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.sort
'author.sort
if$
}
if$
#1 entry.max$ substring$ % for
'sort.label := % apalike
sort.label % style
*
" "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {presort}
SORT % by label, sort.label, title---for final label calculation
STRINGS { last.label next.extra } % apalike labels are only for the text;
INTEGERS { last.extra.num } % there are none in the bibliography
FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff} % and hence there is no `longest.label'
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
"" 'next.extra :=
#0 'last.extra.num :=
}
FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label label =
{ last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
}
{ "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
"" 'extra.label :=
label 'last.label :=
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {reverse.pass} % this function came from ASTRON.BST (ARR)
{ next.extra "b" =
{ "a" 'extra.label := }
'skip$
if$
label extra.label * "}" * 'label :=
extra.label 'next.extra :=
}
EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
ITERATE {forward.pass}
REVERSE {reverse.pass}
% Now that the label is right we sort for real,
% on sort.label then year then title. This is
% for the second sorting pass.
FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label
" "
*
year field.or.null sortify
*
" "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
SORT % by sort.label, year, title---giving final bibliography order
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$ % no \etalchar in apalike
'skip$
{ preamble$ write$ newline$ }
if$
"\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$ % no labels in apalike
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
ITERATE {call.type$}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
"\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {end.bib}
答案1
该函数output不仅将其参数写入文件.bbl，还在其参数后添加一些标点符号（逗号或句号）。这解释了为什么"In " output会产生“In,”。
对于你来说，最快的解决方法可能是只将"In "out 与编辑器一起写出来
FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
editor format.key output
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
output.year.check % special for apalike
new.block
chapter output
new.block %Lukas
"In "
format.editors * output
format.btitle "title" output.check
format.edition output
new.block
address output
format.pages output
fin.entry
}