答案1
你可以很快地完成这个:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz,enumitem,multicol}
\tikzset{axline/.style={-stealth}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]
\draw[dotted]
(-1,1) --++ (-60:1.5)
(-1,1) --++ (120:2)
(1,1) --++ (-120:1.5)
(1,1) --++ (60:2);
\fill[olive!50] (-1,1) to[out=-60,in=180] (0,0) to[out=0,in=-120] (1,1) --cycle;
\draw[axline] (-2,0) -- (2,0) node[below right]{$k$};
\draw[axline] (0,0) -- (0,3) node[above right]{$E$};
\draw
(-1,1) -- (1,1)
(-1,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below]{$-k_F$}
(1,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below]{$k_F$};
\draw (-1.7,2) to[out=-45,in=120] (-1,1) to[out=-60,in=180] (0,0) to[out=0,in=-120] (1,1) to[out=60,in=-135] (1.7,2);
\begin{scope}[xshift=7cm]
\path (-1,1) node[left]{$-\nu_F^k$} --++ (-60:4) coordinate (1);
\path (1,1) node[right]{$+\nu_F^k$}--++ (-120:4) coordinate (2);
\fill[olive!50] (-1,1) --(1) -- (2) -- (1,1) --cycle;
\draw[axline] (-2,0) -- (2,0) node[below right]{$k$};
\draw[axline] (0,0) -- (0,3) node[above right]{$E$};
\draw
(-1,1) -- (1,1)
(1) --++ (120:6) node[left]{$L$}
(2) --++ (60:6) node[right]{$R$}
(-1,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below]{$-k_F$}
(1,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below]{$k_F$};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}