LaTex 表格字体太小

Question

我正在创建 LaTeX 表格，但字体太小。我想知道如何增加字体大小并垂直扩展表格而不是水平扩展表格。

\begin{table}[h!]
\centering
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{%
\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
\textbf{Authors} &
\textbf{Type of Analysis} &
\textbf{\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Fuel and Engine \\ Specification\end{tabular}} &
\textbf{Research Focus} &
\textbf{Outcomes} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Karag et al.\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Experimental &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen-Diesel\\ PFI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Impact of Hydrogen Proportion\\ on BTE\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen injection in PFI\\ reduces volumetric efficiency and BTE\\ and also increases heat loss to cylinder walls\\ due to low quenching distance of hydrogen\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Menaa et al.\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Numerical &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen-Diesel\\ PFI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Impact of Hydrogen addition\\ on back-fire and BTE\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Validated results of Karag et al. by measuring\\ in-cylinder wall temperatures which \\ increased as well as 3-D output of in-cylinder\\ equivalence ratio's which were high near cylinder waslls\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Christodouluo\\ and Megaritis\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Experimental &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen-Diesel\\ PFI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Impact of hydrogen addition on\\  the emissions and combustion \\ of a diesel engine\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Increased in-cylinder pressure at ignition timing due to explosive-type\\  combustion observed as a consequence of hydrogen \\ laminar burning velocity.  Heat release rate results also increased with \\ higher hydrogen addition due to the aforementioned properties \\ and resulted in shorter combustion periods, taken as CA90-CA10\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Zhou et al.\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Numerical &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen-Diesel\\ PFI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Impact of hydrogen addition on\\  the emissions at varying loads\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen addition is effective in reducing \\ CO2 and CO emissions at all loads.\\ NOX emissions are higher than a diesel engine \\ but relatively lower at low engine loads\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Nag et al.\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Experimental &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen-Diesel\\ PFI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Impact of variable EGR \\ on emissions at variable \\ hydrogen addition\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}EGR rates of 0-10\% reduce BTE by 5-7\% due to \\ lower oxygen availability in the intake. EGR also increases\\ CO due to incomplete combustion caused by lower in-cylinder\\ temperatures. EGR decreases NOX emissions due to lower \\ in-cylinder temperaute; however, ppmV are still higher\\ than minimum regulations\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Saravanan\\  et al.\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Experimental &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen-Diesel\\ PFI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Impact of urea SCR\\ on emissions\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Reductions of up to 74\% in NOX emissions were possible.\\ However, ammonia slip into exhaust was a fundamental issue\\ as well as the operating life of the catalyst.\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Kamil and \\ Rahman\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Experimental &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen-Gasoline\\ PFI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Impact of Hydrogen addition\\ on gasoline PFI SI engines\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Small hydrogen addition of up to 10\% favourably increased LFS \\ ; however, similar to PFI Diesel engines BTE was reduced due to \\ lower volumetric efficiency. Higher combustion efficiency was\\  experienced ascribed to higher in-cylinder temperature\\  promoting operation near-ideal otto-cycle\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Wang et al.\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Experimental &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen-Gasoline\\ PFI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Impact of equivalence ratio\\ on hydrogen-gasoline\\ combustion dual\\  fuel SI engines\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Lean fuel combustion at an equivalence ratio of 0.7\\  attained stable and efficient combustion due to hydrogen's fast \\ LFS and flammability ratios. COV was found to be lower up to 10\%\\ hydrogen addition since combustion duration is shorter\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Ji and Wang\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Numerical &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen-Gasoline\\ PFI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Impact of equivalence ratio on\\ dual fuel SI engine emisssions\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Carbon monoxide emissions decrease fundamentally from \\ stoichiometric to lean since more oxygen is available at lean\\ conditions to oxides CO to CO2.  CO2 emission also decreases\\  with lean operation due to lower specific fuel consumption. \\ NOX emissions increase to an equivalence ratio \\ of 0.85 and decrease beyond that value\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Yu et al.\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Experimental &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen-Gasoline\\ DI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Impact of hydrogen direct injection \\ strategy on characteristics of lean\\ burn hydrogen–gasoline engines\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen injection pressure has more impact than injection timing.\\ With 4MPa and 5MPa having the highest IMEP since they form\\ hydrogen distribution that is more easily ignited. Also, late \\ injection timing lowers IMEPas it allows for a more\\  homogenous mixture that does not form a stable flame kernel\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Yu et al.\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Numerical &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen-Gasoline\\ DI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Impact of hydrogen direct injection on \\ hydrogen mixture distribution, combustion \\ and emissions of a gasoline/ hydrogen \\ SI engine under lean burn condition\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Validated numerically the results of Yu et al. using a CFD software.\\ However, since injector was located near intake port, early injection\\ resulted in higher in-cylinder pressure and efficiency due to more\\ concentrated mixture near the spark plug. Emissions also\\ decrease with injection timing due to more homogenous mixture\\ allowing for complete combustion\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Elsemary et al.\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Experimental &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen-Gasoline\\ DI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Impact of SIT on combustion, efficiency\\ and emissions\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Advancing SIT towards TDC realised lower fuel consumption\\ and higher BTE since more work is done during the power stroke.\\ However, carbon monoxide emissions increase with late SIT caused by lower\\ combustion durations increasing incomplete combustion.\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Duan et al.\\ {[}ref{]}\end{tabular} &
Numerical &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Hydrogen PFI\\ SI\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}NOX missions in a Hydrogen Fuelled\\  PFI SI Engine\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}NO constitutes 97\% of all NOX emissions due to increased\\ temperatures, NO further decomposes into NO2 after combustion \\ when temperatures cool down. Furthermore, thermal NO was most prominent\\ at 70\% due to in-cylinder temperatures while prompt NO was limited\\ due to lean-fuel operation\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}%
}
\end{table}

Answer 1

这是一个使用xltabular环境和可变宽度X类型列的解决方案。整个表格跨越 2 页多一点；以下屏幕截图仅显示前几行。我还建议使用包的线条绘制宏booktabs——例如\toprule、\midrule和\bottomrule——而不是\hline。

\documentclass{article} % or some other suitable document class
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry} % set page parameters suitably
\usepackage{xltabular,ragged2e,amsmath,booktabs,mhchem}
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\RaggedRight\hsize=#1\hsize}X}
\newcommand\mytab[1]{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}} #1 \end{tabular}}
\begin{document}

\setlength\tabcolsep{4pt} % default: 6pt
\begin{xltabular}{\textwidth}{@{} lll L{0.667} L{1.333} @{}}
\toprule
Authors &
\mytab{Type of\\Analysis} &
\mytab{Fuel and Engine \\ Specification} &
Research Focus &
Outcomes \\ 
\midrule
\endhead

\bottomrule
\endlastfoot 

\mytab{Karag et~al.\ \\ {[}cite]}
& Experim. &
\mytab{Hydr.-Diesel\\ PFI} & 
Impact of Hydrogen Proportion on BTE &
Hydrogen injection in PFI reduces volumetric efficiency and BTE and also increases heat loss to cylinder walls due to low quenching distance of hydrogen \\ 
\midrule
\mytab{Menaa et~al.\ \\ {[}cite]}
& Numerical &
\mytab{Hydr.-Diesel\\ PFI} & 
Impact of Hydrogen addition on back-fire and BTE &
Validated results of Karag et~al.\ by measuring in-cylinder wall temperatures which increased as well as 3-D output of in-cylinder equivalence ratio's which were high near cylinder walls \\ 
\midrule
\mytab{Christodouluo\\ and Megaritis\\ {[}cite{]}}
& Experim. &
\mytab{Hydr.-Diesel\\ PFI} & 
Impact of hydrogen addition on the emissions and combustion of a diesel engine &
Increased in-cylinder pressure at ignition timing due to explosive-type combustion observed as a consequence of hydrogen laminar burning velocity.  Heat release rate results also increased with higher hydrogen addition due to the aforementioned properties and resulted in shorter combustion periods, taken as CA90-CA10 \\ 
\midrule
\mytab{Zhou et~al.\ \\ {[}cite]}
& Numerical &
\mytab{Hydr.-Diesel\\ PFI} & 
Impact of hydrogen addition on  the emissions at varying loads &
Hydrogen addition is effective in reducing \ce{CO2} and \ce{CO} emissions at all loads. \ce{NOX} emissions are higher than a diesel engine but relatively lower at low engine loads \\ 
\midrule
\mytab{Nag et~al.\ \\ {[}cite]}
& Experim. &
\mytab{Hydr.-Diesel\\ PFI} & 
Impact of variable EGR on emissions at variable hydrogen addition &
EGR rates of 0--10\% reduce BTE by 5--7\% due to lower oxygen availability in the intake. EGR also increases \ce{CO} due to incomplete combustion caused by lower in-cylinder temperatures. EGR decreases \ce{NOX} emissions due to lower in-cylinder temperaute; however, ppmV are still higher than minimum regulations. \\ 
\midrule
\mytab{Saravanan\\ et~al.\ [cite]}
& Experim. &
\mytab{Hydr.-Diesel\\ PFI} & 
Impact of urea SCR on emissions &
Reductions of up to 74\% in \ce{NOX} emissions were possible. However, ammonia slip into exhaust was a fundamental issue as well as the operating life of the catalyst. \\ 
\midrule
\mytab{Kamil and \\ Rahman \\ {[}cite]}
& Experim. &
\mytab{Hydr.-Gasoline\\ PFI} & 
Impact of Hydrogen addition on gasoline PFI SI engines &
Small hydrogen addition of up to 10\% favourably increased LFS; however, similar to PFI Diesel engines BTE was reduced due to lower volumetric efficiency. Higher combustion efficiency was experienced ascribed to higher in-cylinder temperature promoting operation near-ideal otto-cycle \\ 
\midrule
\mytab{Wang et~al.\ \\ {[}cite{]}}
& Experim. &
\mytab{Hydr.-Gasoline\\ PFI} & 
Impact of equivalence ratio on hydrogen-gasoline combustion dual fuel SI engines &
Lean fuel combustion at an equivalence ratio of 0.7 attained stable and efficient combustion due to hydrogen's fast LFS and flammability ratios. COV was found to be lower up to 10\% hydrogen addition since combustion duration is shorter \\ 
\midrule
\mytab{Ji and Wang \\ {[}cite]}
& Numerical &
\mytab{Hydr.-Gasoline\\ PFI} & 
Impact of equivalence ratio on dual fuel SI engine emisssions &
Carbon monoxide emissions decrease fundamentally from stoichiometric to lean since more oxygen is available at lean conditions to oxides \ce{CO} to \ce{CO2}.  \ce{CO2} emission also decreases with lean operation due to lower specific fuel consumption. \ce{NOX} emissions increase to an equivalence ratio of 0.85 and decrease beyond that value \\ 
\midrule
\mytab{Yu et~al.\ \\ {[}cite]}
& Experim. &
\mytab{Hydr.-Gasoline\\ DI} & 
Impact of hydrogen direct injection strategy on characteristics of lean burn hydrogen–gasoline engines &
Hydrogen injection pressure has more impact than injection timing. With 4MPa and 5MPa having the highest IMEP since they form hydrogen distribution that is more easily ignited. Also, late injection timing lowers IMEPas it allows for a more homogenous mixture that does not form a stable flame kernel \\ 
\midrule
\mytab{Yu et~al.\ \\ {[}cite]}
& Numerical &
\mytab{Hydr.-Gasoline\\ DI} & 
Impact of hydrogen direct injection on hydrogen mixture distribution, combustion and emissions of a gasoline\slash hydrogen SI engine under lean burn condition &
Validated numerically the results of Yu et~al.\ using a CFD software. However, since injector was located near intake port, early injection resulted in higher in-cylinder pressure and efficiency due to more concentrated mixture near the spark plug. Emissions also decrease with injection timing due to more homogenous mixture allowing for complete combustion \\ 
\midrule
\mytab{Elsemary \\ et~al.\ [cite]}
& Experim. &
\mytab{Hydr.-Gasoline\\ DI} & 
Impact of SIT on combustion, efficiency and emissions &
Advancing SIT towards TDC realised lower fuel consumption and higher BTE since more work is done during the power stroke. However, carbon monoxide emissions increase with late SIT caused by lower combustion durations increasing incomplete combustion. \\ 
\midrule
\mytab{Duan et~al.\ \\ {[}cite]}
& Numerical &
\mytab{Hydrogen PFI\\ SI} & 
\ce{NOX} missions in a Hydrogen Fuelled  PFI SI Engine &
\ce{NO} constitutes 97\% of all \ce{NOX} emissions due to increased temperatures, \ce{NO} further decomposes into \ce{NO2} after combustion when temperatures cool down. Furthermore, thermal \ce{NO} was most prominent at 70\% due to in-cylinder temperatures while prompt \ce{NO} was limited due to lean-fuel operation \\ 

\end{xltabular}
\end{document}

Answer 2

它仍然需要更多的调整，但这可能会让你更接近

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}

\usepackage{array,longtable}

\begin{document}
%\begin{table}[htp]% not !h  except in extreme circumstances [h!]

\small
X\dotfill X

\begin{longtable}{@{}>{\raggedright}
>{\raggedright}p{1.1cm}|
c|
>{\raggedright}p{3cm}|
>{\raggedright}p{2cm}|
>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{4cm}|
@{}}
\textbf{Authors} &
\textbf{Type} &
\textbf{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}}Fuel and Engine \\ Specification\end{tabular}} &
\textbf{Research Focus} &
\textbf{Outcomes} \\ \hline
\endhead 
Karag et al. {[}ref{]} &
E &
Hydrogen-Diesel PFI &
Impact of Hydrogen Proportion on BTE &
Hydrogen injection in PFI reduces volumetric efficiency and BTE and also increases heat loss to cylinder walls due to low quenching distance of hydrogen \\ 
Menaa et al. {[}ref{]} &
N &
Hydrogen-Diesel PFI &
Impact of Hydrogen addition on back-fire and BTE &
Validated results of Karag et al. by measuring in-cylinder wall temperatures which  increased as well as 3-D output of in-cylinder equivalence ratio's which were high near cylinder waslls \\ 
Christodouluo and Megaritis {[}ref{]} &
E &
Hydrogen-Diesel PFI &
Impact of hydrogen addition on  the emissions and combustion  of a diesel engine &
Increased in-cylinder pressure at ignition timing due to explosive-type  combustion observed as a consequence of hydrogen  laminar burning velocity.  Heat release rate results also increased with  higher hydrogen addition due to the aforementioned properties  and resulted in shorter combustion periods, taken as CA90-CA10 \\
Zhou et al. {[}ref{]} &
N &
Hydrogen-Diesel PFI &
Impact of hydrogen addition on  the emissions at varying loads &
Hydrogen addition is effective in reducing  CO2 and CO emissions at all loads. NOX emissions are higher than a diesel engine  but relatively lower at low engine loads \\ 
Nag et al. {[}ref{]} &
E &
Hydrogen-Diesel PFI &
Impact of variable EGR  on emissions at variable  hydrogen addition &
EGR rates of 0-10\% reduce BTE by 5-7\% due to  lower oxygen availability in the intake. EGR also increases CO due to incomplete combustion caused by lower in-cylinder temperatures. EGR decreases NOX emissions due to lower  in-cylinder temperaute; however, ppmV are still higher than minimum regulations \\ 
Saravanan  et al. {[}ref{]} &
E &
Hydrogen-Diesel PFI &
Impact of urea SCR on emissions &
Reductions of up to 74\% in NOX emissions were possible. However, ammonia slip into exhaust was a fundamental issue as well as the operating life of the catalyst. \\ 
Kamil and  Rahman {[}ref{]} &
E &
Hydrogen-Gasoline PFI &
Impact of Hydrogen addition on gasoline PFI SI engines &
Small hydrogen addition of up to 10\% favourably increased LFS  ; however, similar to PFI Diesel engines BTE was reduced due to  lower volumetric efficiency. Higher combustion efficiency was  experienced ascribed to higher in-cylinder temperature  promoting operation near-ideal otto-cycle  \\ 
Wang et al. {[}ref{]} &
E &
Hydrogen-Gasoline PFI &
Impact of equivalence ratio on hydrogen-gasoline combustion dual  fuel SI engines &
Lean fuel combustion at an equivalence ratio of 0.7  attained stable and efficient combustion due to hydrogen's fast  LFS and flammability ratios. COV was found to be lower up to 10\% hydrogen addition since combustion duration is shorter \\ 
Ji and Wang {[}ref{]} &
N &
Hydrogen-Gasoline PFI &
Impact of equivalence ratio on dual fuel SI engine emisssions &
Carbon monoxide emissions decrease fundamentally from  stoichiometric to lean since more oxygen is available at lean conditions to oxides CO to CO2.  CO2 emission also decreases  with lean operation due to lower specific fuel consumption.  NOX emissions increase to an equivalence ratio  of 0.85 and decrease beyond that value \\ 
Yu et al. {[}ref{]} &
E &
Hydrogen-Gasoline DI &
Impact of hydrogen direct injection  strategy on characteristics of lean burn hydrogen–gasoline engines &
Hydrogen injection pressure has more impact than injection timing. With 4MPa and 5MPa having the highest IMEP since they form hydrogen distribution that is more easily ignited. Also, late  injection timing lowers IMEPas it allows for a more  homogenous mixture that does not form a stable flame kernel \\ 
Yu et al. {[}ref{]} &
N &
Hydrogen-Gasoline DI &
Impact of hydrogen direct injection on  hydrogen mixture distribution, combustion  and emissions of a gasoline/ hydrogen  SI engine under lean burn condition &
Validated numerically the results of Yu et al. using a CFD software. However, since injector was located near intake port, early injection resulted in higher in-cylinder pressure and efficiency due to more concentrated mixture near the spark plug. Emissions also decrease with injection timing due to more homogenous mixture allowing for complete combustion \\ 
Elsemary et al. {[}ref{]} &
E &
Hydrogen-Gasoline DI &
Impact of SIT on combustion, efficiency and emissions &
Advancing SIT towards TDC realised lower fuel consumption and higher BTE since more work is done during the power stroke. However, carbon monoxide emissions increase with late SIT caused by lower combustion durations increasing incomplete combustion. \\ 
Duan et al. {[}ref{]} &
N &
Hydrogen PFI SI &
NOX missions in a Hydrogen Fuelled  PFI SI Engine &
NO constitutes 97\% of all NOX emissions due to increased temperatures, NO further decomposes into NO2 after combustion  when temperatures cool down. Furthermore, thermal NO was most prominent at 70\% due to in-cylinder temperatures while prompt NO was limited due to lean-fuel operation \\ 
\end{longtable}

\normalsize

\end{document}

Answer 3

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{makecell}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\usepackage{xltabular}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}

\begin{document}
\begin{landscape}
\begin{xltabular}{\linewidth}{L{2.25cm}cL{2cm}L{3cm}X}
\caption{caption text} \label{tab:key}\\
\toprule
\thead[l]{Authors} &
\thead{Type of\\ Analysis} &
\thead{Fuel \& Engine \\ Specification} &
\thead{Research Focus} &
\thead[l]{Outcomes} \\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\caption{caption text - continued from previous page}\\
\toprule
\thead[l]{Authors} &
\thead{Type of\\ Analysis} &
\thead{Fuel \& Engine \\ Specification} &
\thead{Research Focus} &
\thead[l]{Outcomes} \\
\midrule
\endhead
\bottomrule
\endfoot
\bottomrule
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize Exp. = Experimental, Num. = Numerical}\\
\endlastfoot
Karag et al. {[}ref{]} &
Exp. &
Hydrogen-Diesel PFI &
Impact of Hydrogen Proportion on BTE &
Hydrogen injection in PFI reduces volumetric efficiency and BTE and also increases heat loss to cylinder walls due to low quenching distance of hydrogen \\ 
\addlinespace
Menaa et al.{[}ref{]} &
Num. &
Hydrogen-Diesel PFI &
Impact of Hydrogen addition on back-fire and BTE &
Validated results of Karag et al. by measuring in-cylinder wall temperatures which   increased as well as 3-D output of in-cylinder equivalence ratio's which were high near cylinder waslls  \\
\addlinespace
Christodouluo and Megaritis {[}ref{]} &
Exp. &
Hydrogen-Diesel PFI &
Impact of hydrogen addition on  the emissions and combustion  of a diesel engine &
Increased in-cylinder pressure at ignition timing due to explosive-type  combustion observed as a consequence of hydrogen  laminar burning velocity.  Heat release rate results also increased with  higher hydrogen addition due to the aforementioned properties  and resulted in shorter combustion periods, taken as CA90-CA10 \\ 
\addlinespace
Zhou et al. {[}ref{]} &
Num. &
Hydrogen-Diesel PFI &
Impact of hydrogen addition on  the emissions at varying loads &
Hydrogen addition is effective in reducing CO2 and CO emissions at all loads. NOX emissions are higher than a diesel engine  but relatively lower at low engine loads \\ 

Nag et al.{[}ref{]} &
Exp. &
Hydrogen-Diesel PFI &
Impact of variable EGR  on emissions at variable  hydrogen addition &
EGR rates of 0-10\% reduce BTE by 5-7\% due to  lower oxygen availability in the intake. EGR also increases CO due to incomplete combustion caused by lower in-cylinder temperatures. EGR decreases NOX emissions due to lower  in-cylinder temperaute; however, ppmV are still higher than minimum regulations \\\addlinespace
Saravanan  et al. {[}ref{]} &
Exp. &
Hydrogen-Diesel PFI &
Impact of urea SCR on emissions &
Reductions of up to 74\% in NOX emissions were possible. However, ammonia slip into exhaust was a fundamental issue as well as the operating life of the catalyst. \\\addlinespace
Kamil and  Rahman {[}ref{]} &
Exp. &
Hydrogen-Gasoline PFI &
Impact of Hydrogen addition on gasoline PFI SI engines &
Small hydrogen addition of up to 10\% favourably increased LFS  ; however, similar to PFI Diesel engines BTE was reduced due to  lower volumetric efficiency. Higher combustion efficiency was  experienced ascribed to higher in-cylinder temperature  promoting operation near-ideal otto-cycle \\\addlinespace
Wang et al. {[}ref{]} &
Exp. &
Hydrogen-Gasoline PFI &
Impact of equivalence ratio on hydrogen-gasoline combustion dual  fuel SI engines &
Lean fuel combustion at an equivalence ratio of 0.7  attained stable and efficient combustion due to hydrogen's fast  LFS and flammability ratios. COV was found to be lower up to 10\% hydrogen addition since combustion duration is shorter \\\addlinespace
Ji and Wang {[}ref{]} &
Num. &
Hydrogen-Gasoline PFI &
Impact of equivalence ratio on dual fuel SI engine emisssions &
Carbon monoxide emissions decrease fundamentally from  stoichiometric to lean since more oxygen is available at lean conditions to oxides CO to CO2.  CO2 emission also decreases  with lean operation due to lower specific fuel consumption.  NOX emissions increase to an equivalence ratio  of 0.85 and decrease beyond that value \\\addlinespace
Yu et al. {[}ref{]} &
Exp. &
Hydrogen-Gasoline DI &
Impact of hydrogen direct injection  strategy on characteristics of lean burn hydrogen–gasoline engines &
Hydrogen injection pressure has more impact than injection timing. With 4MPa and 5MPa having the highest IMEP since they form hydrogen distribution that is more easily ignited. Also, late  injection timing lowers IMEPas it allows for a more  homogenous mixture that does not form a stable flame kernel \\\addlinespace
Yu et al. {[}ref{]} &
Num. &
Hydrogen-Gasoline DI &
Impact of hydrogen direct injection on  hydrogen mixture distribution, combustion  and emissions of a gasoline/ hydrogen  SI engine under lean burn condition &
Validated Num.ly the results of Yu et al. using a CFD software. However, since injector was located near intake port, early injection resulted in higher in-cylinder pressure and efficiency due to more concentrated mixture near the spark plug. Emissions also decrease with injection timing due to more homogenous mixture allowing for complete combustion \\\addlinespace
Elsemary et al. {[}ref{]} &
Exp. &
Hydrogen-Gasoline DI &
Impact of SIT on combustion, efficiency and emissions &
Advancing SIT towards TDC realised lower fuel consumption and higher BTE since more work is done during the power stroke. However, carbon monoxide emissions increase with late SIT caused by lower combustion durations increasing incomplete combustion. \\\addlinespace
Duan et al. {[}ref{]} &
Num. &
Hydrogen PFI SI &
NOX missions in a Hydrogen Fuelled  PFI SI Engine &
NO constitutes 97\% of all NOX emissions due to increased temperatures, NO further decomposes into NO2 after combustion  when temperatures cool down. Furthermore, thermal NO was most prominent at 70\% due to in-cylinder temperatures while prompt NO was limited due to lean-fuel operation \\\addlinespace
\end{xltabular}%
\end{landscape}
\end{document}