有没有办法让这个数字看起来更漂亮？
例如，红色箭头的图例或黑色虚线的间距该如何写？
至少对我来说，它很粗糙，可以改进……但我不知道该怎么做
\documentclass[tikz, border=20]{report}
\usepackage{tikz,enumitem,multicol}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,intersections}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.8}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale = 2]
% ladder
\draw[thick] (-1.5, 0) -- (2.5, 0);
\draw[thick] (-1.5, .7) -- (2.5, .7);
\draw[thick,dashed] (-2, 0) -- (-1.5, 0);
\draw[thick,dashed] (2.5, 0) -- (3, 0);
\draw[thick,dashed] (-2, .7) -- (-1.5, .7);
\draw[thick, dashed] (2.5, .7) -- (3, .7);
% hopping
\draw [thick, dashed, red] (0.5,0) to (.5,.7);
\draw [thick, dashed, red] (2.05,0) to [out=40,in=-40] (2.05,.7);
\draw [thick, dashed, red] (1.95,.7) to [out=-140,in=-220] (1.95,0) ;
\draw [thick, dashed, red] (-1,0) -- (-1,.7);
% arrow J_jos
\draw [thick, -stealth] (0.5,-0.15) -- (0.4,0.15);
\draw [thick, -stealth] (0.55,0.15) -- (0.65,-0.15);
\draw [thick, red] (0.4,0.33) -- (.5,0.43);
\draw [thick, red] (.5,0.43) -- (.6,0.33);
% arrow t_\perp
\draw [thick, red] (-1.1,0.33) -- (-1,0.43);
\draw [thick, red] (-1,0.43) -- (-.9,0.33);
% arrow J_superexchange
\draw [thick, -stealth] (1.95,0.15) -- (2.05,-0.15);
\draw [thick, -stealth] (2.05,0.55) -- (1.95,0.85);
\draw [thick, red] (2.1,0.3) -- (2.2,0.4);
\draw [thick, red] (2.2,0.4) -- (2.3,0.3);
\draw [thick, red] (1.7,0.4) -- (1.8,0.3);
\draw [thick, red] (1.8,0.3) -- (1.9,0.4);
% arrow t_perp
\draw [thick, -stealth] (-.95,-0.15) -- (-1.05,0.15);
% name hoppigs
\node[] at (-1,1.2) {a)};
\node[] at (-0.8,0.35) {t};
\draw [] (-0.75,0.2) -- (-0.6,0.2);
\draw [] (-0.675,0.2) -- (-0.675,0.35);
\node[] at (.5,1.2) {b)};
\node[] at (0.7,.35) {t};
\node[] at (0.9,.4) {\scriptsize pair};
\node[] at (2,1.2) {c)};
\node[] at (2.5,.35) {t};
\node[] at (2.7,.4) {\scriptsize sing};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Schematic representations of the possible instabilities. (a) Due to the transverse coupling, we can end up with a simultaneous hop of particles. (b) Two particles bound in the same site hop together in the transverse direction (Josephson hopping of pair). (c) The particles hop simultaneously by swapping their positions (super-exchange or particle-hole). }
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案1
嗯，它看起来没有什么不同，但是你可以使用范围和符号来最小化代码并使其更易读++()：
\documentclass[tikz, border=20]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=2cm,y=2cm,thick]
\draw (-0.5, 0) -- ++(3.0, 0) (-0.5, .7) -- ++(3,0);
\draw[dashed] (-1, 0) -- ++(0.5,0) (2.5, 0) -- ++(0.5,0) (-1, .7) -- ++(0.5,0) (2.5, .7) -- ++(0.5,0);
\begin{scope}
\node[] at (0,1) {a)};
\draw [dashed, red] (0,0) -- ++(0,.7);
\draw [-stealth] (0.05,-0.15) -- ++(-0.1,0.3);
\draw [red] (-0.1,0.33) -- ++(0.1,0.1) -- ++(0.1,-0.1) node[anchor=south west,black] {t$_{\perp}$};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=2.25cm]
\node[] at (0,1) {b)};
\draw [-stealth] (0,-0.15) -- ++(-0.1,0.3);
\draw [-stealth] (0.05,0.15) -- ++(0.1,-0.3);
\draw [red] (-0.1,0.33) -- ++(0.1,0.1) -- ++(0.1,-0.1) node[anchor=south west,black] {{t\textsubscript{pair}}};
\draw [dashed, red] (0,0) -- ++(0,.7);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=4.5cm]
\node[] at (0,1) {c)};
\draw[dashed,red] (0,.35) ellipse (.4cm and .7cm);
\draw [red] (0.1,0.3) -- ++(0.1,0.1) -- ++(0.1,-0.1) node[anchor=south west,black] {{t\textsubscript{sing}}};
\draw [red] (-0.3,0.4) -- ++(0.1,-0.1) -- ++(0.1,0.1);
\draw [-stealth] (-0.05,0.15) -- (0.05,-0.15);
\draw [-stealth] (0.05,0.55) -- (-0.05,0.85) ;
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}