我在 BioMed Central LaTex 模板中使用 {twocolumn} 文档类，需要创建不同大小的图形（例如，单列和双列）。在此模板中，图形位于框内。常规图形控件仅调整框内图像的大小，但框大小保持不变。此外，调整大小后的图像与另一列中的文本重叠。问题如下：
下面是我在 Tex 文件中添加图形的方法：
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1.2\columnwidth]{tree.png}
\caption{---------}
\label{fig:1}
\end{center}
\vspace{1em}
\end{figure}
答案1
用于\begin{figure*}宽框图形。它们通常会出现在下一页。
\documentclass[twocolumn]{bmcart}%
\usepackage{amsthm,amsmath}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} %unicode support
\usepackage{graphicx} % needed <<<<<<<<<
\usepackage{kantlipsum}% dummy text
\begin{document}
\begin{frontmatter}
%\begin{fmbox}
\dochead{Research}
\title{A sample article title}
\author[
addressref={aff1}, % id's of addresses, e.g. {aff1,aff2}
corref={aff1}, % id of corresponding address, if any
% noteref={n1}, % id's of article notes, if any
email={[email protected]} % email address
]{\inits{J.E.}\fnm{Jane E.} \snm{Doe}}
\author[
addressref={aff1,aff2},
email={[email protected]}
]{\inits{J.R.S.}\fnm{John R.S.} \snm{Smith}}
\address[id=aff1]{% % unique id
\orgdiv{Department of Science}, % department, if any
\orgname{University of Cambridge}, % university, etc
\city{London}, % city
\cny{UK} % country
}
\address[id=aff2]{%
\orgdiv{Institute of Biology},
\orgname{National University of Sciences},
%\street{},
%\postcode{}
\city{Kiel},
\cny{Germany}
}
%\end{fmbox}% comment this for two column layout
\begin{abstractbox}
\begin{abstract} % abstract
\parttitle{First part title} %if any
Text for this section.
\parttitle{Second part title} %if any
Text for this section.
\end{abstract}
\begin{keyword}
\kwd{sample}
\kwd{article}
\kwd{author}
\end{keyword}
\end{abstractbox}
\end{frontmatter}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section*{Content}
Text and results for this section, as per the individual journal's instructions for authors.
\section*{Section title}
\textbf{>>>FIGURE 1 INSERTED HERE <<<}
\begin{figure*}[h!] % use figure* for wide boxed figures
\includegraphics{example-image-a}
\caption{Sample figure title a}
\label{fig:example-image-a}
\end{figure*}
In this section we examine the growth rate of the mean of $Z_0$, $Z_1$ and $Z_2$. In
addition, we examine a common modeling assumption and note the
importance of considering the tails of the extinction time $T_x$ in
studies of escape dynamics.
We will first consider the expected resistant population at $vT_x$ for
some $v>0$, (and temporarily assume $\alpha=0$)
%
\[
E \bigl[Z_1(vT_x) \bigr]=
\int_0^{v\wedge
1}Z_0(uT_x)
\exp (\lambda_1)\,du .
\]
%
If we assume that sensitive cells follow a deterministic decay
$Z_0(t)=xe^{\lambda_0 t}$ and approximate their extinction time as
$T_x\approx-\frac{1}{\lambda_0}\log x$, then we can heuristically
estimate the expected value as
%
\begin{equation}\label{eqexpmuts}
\begin{aligned}[b]
& E\bigl[Z_1(vT_x)\bigr]\\
&\quad = \frac{\mu}{r}\log x
\int_0^{v\wedge1}x^{1-u}x^{({\lambda_1}/{r})(v-u)}\,du .
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
%
Thus we observe that this expected value is finite for all $v>0$.
\section*{Availability of data and materials}%% if any
1. \kant[1-4]
\section*{Ethics approval and consent to participate}
\textbf{>>>FIGURE 2 INSERTED HERE <<<}
\begin{figure*}[h!] % use figure* for wide boxed figures
\includegraphics{example-image-b}
\caption{Sample figure title b}
\label{fig:example-image-b}
\end{figure*}
2. \kant[2-6]
\end{document}
该类bmcart设置了自己的图形设置：字体、上下空间、......
\def\figure@settings{%
\let\textbf\fig@textbf%
\setattribute{floatcaption}{size}{\footnotesize\sffamily\raggedright}
\if@figurestar\hsize=\textwidth\fi% <<<<<<<<<<<<<
\@tempdima\hsize%
\advance\@tempdima by-\figure@sep%
\advance\@tempdima by-\figure@sep%
\hsize\@tempdima%
\parindent\z@%
\centering%
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{6\p@}%
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}%
}
查找\begin{figure*}将图形宽度设置为\textwidth。