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子图中化学分子的问题

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子图中化学分子的问题

我正在尝试安排一个subfigure像 1 个大图在左边、1 个在右上角和 4 个在左下角的图。这些图是用自定义框起来的tcolorbox。

到目前为止，我的所有子图都正常工作，但由于某些原因，这个子图没有按预期工作。

这是我目前的结果： 在此处输入图片描述

对于我的 MWE，我删除了大分子以使代码更具可读性（我只保留了尿嘧啶，因此您可以看到没有任何东西居中并位于其位置）。

梅威瑟：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{subcaption,graphicx}
\usepackage{chemfig}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newcommand{\decoRule}{\rule{\textwidth}{0.4pt}}
\renewcommand{\thesubfigure}{\Alph{subfigure}}
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=simple, labelsep=quad}

\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\newtcolorbox{mybox}{colback=white,colframe=black,arc=5mm, halign=center}

\begin{document}
    
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases
\definesubmol{Abase}{(([:36]\chembelow{N}{H}*5(-(*6(-N=-N=(-NH_2)-=))--N=-)))}
\definesubmol{Gbase}{(([:36]\chembelow{N}{H}*5(-(*6(-N=(-NH_2)-NH-(=O)-=))--N=-)))}
\definesubmol{Cbase}{*6(-\chembelow{N}{H}-(=O)-N=(-NH_2)-=)}
\definesubmol{Ubase}{*6(-\chembelow{N}{H}-(=O)-NH-(=O)-=)}
\definesubmol{a}{-P(=[::90,0.75]O)(-[::-90,0.75]OH)-}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% sugar-backbone

\definesubmol{backB}{[:-54]*5((-[:90]-[:180]O([:180]!a\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O}))<(-HO)-[,,,,line width=2pt](-OH)>(-R)-O-)}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% sugar-backbone

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases for RNA assembly

\definesubmol{ARbase}{((-[:90]N*5(-(*6(-N=-N=(-NH_2)-=))--N=-)))}

\definesubmol{GRbase}{((-[:90]N*5(-(*6(-N=(-NH_2)-[,,,1]NH-[,,1](=O)-=))--N=-)))}

\definesubmol{CRbase}{-[:90]N*6(-(=O)-N=(-NH_2)-=-)}

\definesubmol{URbase}{-[:90]N*6(-(=O)-NH=(=O)-=-)}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases for RNA assembly

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% RNA nucleotide assembly

\definesubmol{4th}{-[:180]O-[:180]X(=[:-90]O)(-[:180]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})-[:90]O-[:90]([:54]*5(-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{CRbase})-O-(-[:90]-[:180]O-[:180]P(-[:90]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})(-[:180]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})(=[:-90]O))<))}   % upper end segment

\definesubmol{3rd}{-[:180]O-[:180]P(=[:-90]O)(-[:180]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})-[:90]O-[:90]([:54]*5(-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{GRbase})-O-(-[:90]!{4th})<))} % third middle segment

\definesubmol{2nd}{O-[:90]([:54]*5(-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{ARbase})-O-(-[:90]!{3rd})<))} % second middle segment

\definesubmol{RNA}{[:-54]*5((-[:90]-[:180]O([:180]-P(-\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})(=[:-90]O)(-[::-90]!{2nd})))<(-[:-90]HO)-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{URbase})-O-)} % bottom end segment

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% RNA nucleotide assembly


\setchemfig{scheme debug=true}

\begin{figure}[h]
\captionsetup[subfigure]{justification=centering}
    
    \begin{subfigure}[t]{.6\textwidth}
        \begin{mybox}
            \scalebox{0.45}{
            \chemfig{!{RNA}}
            \chemmove{%
                \node[at=(cyclecenter4),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=48](){};
            }
            \chemmove{%
                \node[at=(cyclecenter3),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=13.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=180](){};
            }   
            \chemmove{%
                \node[at=(cyclecenter10),fill=yellow,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
            }       
            \chemmove{%
                \node[at=(cyclecenter9),fill=green,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
            }   
            \chemmove{%
                \node[at=(cyclecenter7),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=48](){};
            }
            \chemmove{%
                \node[at=(cyclecenter6),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=13.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=180](){};
            }   
        }
    \end{mybox}
        \caption[RNA]{RNA chain}
    \end{subfigure}
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b]{.37\textwidth}
        \begin{subfigure}[t]{\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox} 
            \scalebox{0.6}{\chemfig{!{backB}}}
        \end{mybox}
            \caption{sugar backbone}
        \end{subfigure}
        \par\bigskip
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.30}{\chemfig{[:72]!{Abase}}
                    \chemmove{%
                        \node[at=(cyclecenter2),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
                    }
                    \chemmove{%
                        \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=13.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=90](){};
                }}
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{adenine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.30}{\chemfig{[:72]!{Gbase}}
                    \chemmove{%
                        \node[at=(cyclecenter2),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
                    }
                    \chemmove{%
                        \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=13.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=90](){};
                }   }
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{guanine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \par\bigskip
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.30}{\chemfig{!{Cbase}}
                    \chemmove{%
                        \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=green,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
                }}
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{cytosine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
            \scalebox{0.30}{
                %\setchemfig{scheme debug=true}
                %\schemestart
            \chemfig{!{Ubase}}
            \chemmove{%
                \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=yellow,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
            }
                %\schemestop
            }
        \end{mybox}
            \caption{uracil}
        \end{subfigure}
    \end{minipage}
    \par\bigskip
    \decoRule
    \caption{RNA structural organisation: \lipsum[1]}\label{reduced}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

答案1

以下应导致更接近预期的输出：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{subcaption,graphicx}
\usepackage{chemfig}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newcommand{\decoRule}{\rule{\textwidth}{0.4pt}}
\renewcommand{\thesubfigure}{\Alph{subfigure}}
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=simple, labelsep=quad}

\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\newtcolorbox{mybox}{colback=white,colframe=black,arc=5mm, halign=center}

\begin{document}
    
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases
\definesubmol{Ubase}{*6(-\chembelow{N}{H}-(=O)-NH-(=O)-=)}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases



\setchemfig{scheme debug=true}

\begin{figure}[h]
\captionsetup[subfigure]{justification=centering}
    
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{.6\textwidth}
        \begin{mybox}
            \scalebox{0.45}{
            \chemfig[scale=0.45]{!{Ubase}}
        }
    \end{mybox}
        \caption[RNA]{RNA chain}
    \end{subfigure}
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b]{.37\textwidth}
        \begin{subfigure}[t]{\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox} 
            \scalebox{0.6}{\chemfig{!{Ubase}}}
        \end{mybox}
            \caption{sugar backbone}
        \end{subfigure}
        \par\bigskip
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.30}{\chemfig{!{Ubase}}}
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{adenine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.30}{\chemfig{!{Ubase}}}
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{guanine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \par\bigskip
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.30}{\chemfig{!{Ubase}}}
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{cytosine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
            \scalebox{0.30}{
                \setchemfig{scheme debug=true}
                \schemestart
            \chemfig{!{Ubase}}
            \chemmove{%
                \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=yellow,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
            }
                \schemestop
            }
        \end{mybox}
            \caption{uracil}
        \end{subfigure}
    \end{minipage}
    \par\bigskip
    \decoRule
    \caption{RNA structural organisation: \lipsum[1]}\label{reduced}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

应用于整个图像，这是输出和相应的 MWE：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{subcaption,graphicx}
\usepackage{chemfig}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newcommand{\decoRule}{\rule{\textwidth}{0.4pt}}
\renewcommand{\thesubfigure}{\Alph{subfigure}}
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=simple, labelsep=quad}

\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\newtcolorbox{mybox}{colback=white,colframe=black,arc=5mm, halign=center}


    
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases
\definesubmol{Abase}{(([:36]\chembelow{N}{H}*5(-(*6(-N=-N=(-NH_2)-=))--N=-)))}
\definesubmol{Gbase}{(([:36]\chembelow{N}{H}*5(-(*6(-N=(-NH_2)-NH-(=O)-=))--N=-)))}
\definesubmol{Cbase}{*6(-\chembelow{N}{H}-(=O)-N=(-NH_2)-=)}
\definesubmol{Ubase}{*6(-\chembelow{N}{H}-(=O)-NH-(=O)-=)}
\definesubmol{a}{-P(=[::90,0.75]O)(-[::-90,0.75]OH)-}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% sugar-backbone

\definesubmol{backB}{[:-54]*5((-[:90]-[:180]O([:180]!a\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O}))<(-HO)-[,,,,line width=2pt](-OH)>(-R)-O-)}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% sugar-backbone

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases for RNA assembly

\definesubmol{ARbase}{((-[:90]N*5(-(*6(-N=-N=(-NH_2)-=))--N=-)))}
                  
\definesubmol{GRbase}{((-[:90]N*5(-(*6(-N=(-NH_2)-[,,,1]NH-[,,1](=O)-=))--N=-)))}

\definesubmol{CRbase}{-[:90]N*6(-(=O)-N=(-NH_2)-=-)}

\definesubmol{URbase}{-[:90]N*6(-(=O)-NH=(=O)-=-)}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases for RNA assembly

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% RNA nucleotide assembly

\definesubmol{4th}{-[:180]O-[:180]X(=[:-90]O)(-[:180]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})-[:90]O-[:90]([:54]*5(-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{CRbase})-O-(-[:90]-[:180]O-[:180]P(-[:90]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})(-[:180]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})(=[:-90]O))<))}   % upper end segment

\definesubmol{3rd}{-[:180]O-[:180]P(=[:-90]O)(-[:180]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})-[:90]O-[:90]([:54]*5(-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{GRbase})-O-(-[:90]!{4th})<))} % third middle segment

\definesubmol{2nd}{O-[:90]([:54]*5(-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{ARbase})-O-(-[:90]!{3rd})<))} % second middle segment

\definesubmol{RNA}{[:-54]*5((-[:90]-[:180]O([:180]-P(-\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})(=[:-90]O)(-[::-90]!{2nd})))<(-[:-90]HO)-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{URbase})-O-)} % bottom end segment

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% RNA nucleotide assembly

\begin{document}

\setchemfig{scheme debug=true}

\begin{figure}[h]
\captionsetup[subfigure]{justification=centering}
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{.6\textwidth}
        \begin{mybox}
            \scalebox{0.45}{
              \chemfig{!{RNA}}
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter4),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=48](){};
              }
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter3),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=13.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=180](){};
              }   
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter10),fill=yellow,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
              }       
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter9),fill=green,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
              }   
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter7),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=48](){};
              }
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter6),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=13.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=180](){};
              }   
            }
        \end{mybox}
        \caption[RNA]{RNA chain}
    \end{subfigure}
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b]{.37\textwidth}
        \begin{subfigure}[t]{\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox} 
            \scalebox{0.6}{
              \chemfig{!{backB}}
            }
        \end{mybox}
            \caption{sugar backbone}
        \end{subfigure}
        \par\bigskip
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.30}{
                  \chemfig{[:72]!{Abase}}
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter2),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
                  }
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=13.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=90](){};
                  }
                }
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{adenine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.30}{
                  \chemfig{[:72]!{Gbase}}
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter2),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
                  }
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=13.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=90](){};
                  }  
                }
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{guanine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \par\bigskip
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.30}{
                  \chemfig{!{Cbase}}
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=green,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
                  }
                }
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{cytosine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
            \scalebox{0.30}{
              \chemfig{!{Ubase}}
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=yellow,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
              }
            }
        \end{mybox}
            \caption{uracil}
        \end{subfigure}
    \end{minipage}
    \par\bigskip
    \decoRule
    \caption{RNA structural organisation: \lipsum[1]}\label{reduced}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

这里有另一种方法，它在各个子图周围使用更浅更薄的边框，并且对所有分子使用均匀的比例因子，以获得不那么忙碌的外观：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{subcaption,graphicx}
\usepackage{chemfig}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newcommand{\decoRule}{\rule{\textwidth}{0.4pt}}
\renewcommand{\thesubfigure}{\Alph{subfigure}}
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=simple, labelsep=quad}

\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\newtcolorbox{mybox}{colback=white,colframe=gray!50!white,arc=5mm, halign=center, boxrule=1pt, left=0pt, right=0pt, top=7.25pt, bottom=7.25pt}


    
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases
\definesubmol{Abase}{(([:36]\chembelow{N}{H}*5(-(*6(-N=-N=(-NH_2)-=))--N=-)))}
\definesubmol{Gbase}{(([:36]\chembelow{N}{H}*5(-(*6(-N=(-NH_2)-NH-(=O)-=))--N=-)))}
\definesubmol{Cbase}{*6(-\chembelow{N}{H}-(=O)-N=(-NH_2)-=)}
\definesubmol{Ubase}{*6(-\chembelow{N}{H}-(=O)-NH-(=O)-=)}
\definesubmol{a}{-P(=[::90,0.75]O)(-[::-90,0.75]OH)-}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% sugar-backbone

\definesubmol{backB}{[:-54]*5((-[:90]-[:180]O([:180]!a\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O}))<(-HO)-[,,,,line width=2pt](-OH)>(-R)-O-)}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% sugar-backbone

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases for RNA assembly

\definesubmol{ARbase}{((-[:90]N*5(-(*6(-N=-N=(-NH_2)-=))--N=-)))}
                  
\definesubmol{GRbase}{((-[:90]N*5(-(*6(-N=(-NH_2)-[,,,1]NH-[,,1](=O)-=))--N=-)))}

\definesubmol{CRbase}{-[:90]N*6(-(=O)-N=(-NH_2)-=-)}

\definesubmol{URbase}{-[:90]N*6(-(=O)-NH=(=O)-=-)}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases for RNA assembly

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% RNA nucleotide assembly

\definesubmol{4th}{-[:180]O-[:180]X(=[:-90]O)(-[:180]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})-[:90]O-[:90]([:54]*5(-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{CRbase})-O-(-[:90]-[:180]O-[:180]P(-[:90]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})(-[:180]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})(=[:-90]O))<))}   % upper end segment

\definesubmol{3rd}{-[:180]O-[:180]P(=[:-90]O)(-[:180]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})-[:90]O-[:90]([:54]*5(-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{GRbase})-O-(-[:90]!{4th})<))} % third middle segment

\definesubmol{2nd}{O-[:90]([:54]*5(-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{ARbase})-O-(-[:90]!{3rd})<))} % second middle segment

\definesubmol{RNA}{[:-54]*5((-[:90]-[:180]O([:180]-P(-\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})(=[:-90]O)(-[::-90]!{2nd})))<(-[:-90]HO)-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{URbase})-O-)} % bottom end segment

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% RNA nucleotide assembly

\begin{document}

\setchemfig{scheme debug=true}

\begin{figure}[h]
\captionsetup[subfigure]{justification=centering}
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{.525\textwidth}
        \begin{mybox}
            \scalebox{0.5}{
              \chemfig{!{RNA}}
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter4),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=48](){};
              }
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter3),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=13.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=180](){};
              }   
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter10),fill=yellow,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
              }       
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter9),fill=green,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
              }   
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter7),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=48](){};
              }
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter6),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=13.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=180](){};
              }   
            }
        \end{mybox}
        \caption[RNA]{RNA chain}
    \end{subfigure}
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b]{.45\textwidth}
        \begin{subfigure}[t]{\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox} 
            \scalebox{0.5}{
              \chemfig{!{backB}}
            }
        \end{mybox}
            \caption{sugar backbone}
        \end{subfigure}
        \par\bigskip
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.5}{
                  \chemfig{[:72]!{Abase}}
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter2),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
                  }
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=13.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=90](){};
                  }
                }
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{adenine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.5}{
                  \chemfig{[:72]!{Gbase}}
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter2),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
                  }
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=13.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=90](){};
                  }  
                }
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{guanine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \par\bigskip
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.5}{
                  \chemfig{!{Cbase}}
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=green,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
                  }
                }
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{cytosine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.475\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
            \scalebox{0.5}{
              \chemfig{!{Ubase}}
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=yellow,opacity=0.2,inner sep=17.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
              }
            }
        \end{mybox}
            \caption{uracil}
        \end{subfigure}
    \end{minipage}
    \par\bigskip
    \decoRule
    \caption{RNA structural organisation: \lipsum[1]}\label{reduced}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

这是键长较短的版本。如您所见，原子的字体大小现在比标题的字体大小略小。如果将其与前两幅图进行比较，这一点尤其明显，前两幅图中，与标题的字体大小相比，分子的字体大小几乎小得难以辨认。我还重新排列了子图 C 至 F 中的核碱基，以便并排显示较宽和较窄的碱基。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{subcaption,graphicx}
\usepackage{chemfig}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newcommand{\decoRule}{\rule{\textwidth}{0.4pt}}
\renewcommand{\thesubfigure}{\Alph{subfigure}}
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=simple, labelsep=quad}

\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\newtcolorbox{mybox}{colback=white,colframe=gray!50!white,arc=5mm, halign=center, boxrule=1pt}


    
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases
\definesubmol{Abase}{(([:36]\chembelow{N}{H}*5(-(*6(-N=-N=(-NH_2)-=))--N=-)))}
\definesubmol{Gbase}{(([:36]\chembelow{N}{H}*5(-(*6(-N=(-NH_2)-NH-(=O)-=))--N=-)))}
\definesubmol{Cbase}{*6(-\chembelow{N}{H}-(=O)-N=(-NH_2)-=)}
\definesubmol{Ubase}{*6(-\chembelow{N}{H}-(=O)-NH-(=O)-=)}
\definesubmol{a}{-P(=[::90,0.75]O)(-[::-90,0.75]OH)-}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% sugar-backbone

\definesubmol{backB}{[:-54]*5((-[:90]-[:180]O([:180]!a\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O}))<(-HO)-[,,,,line width=2pt](-OH)>(-R)-O-)}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% sugar-backbone

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases for RNA assembly

\definesubmol{ARbase}{((-[:90]N*5(-(*6(-N=-N=(-NH_2)-=))--N=-)))}
                  
\definesubmol{GRbase}{((-[:90]N*5(-(*6(-N=(-NH_2)-[,,,1]NH-[,,1](=O)-=))--N=-)))}

\definesubmol{CRbase}{-[:90]N*6(-(=O)-N=(-NH_2)-=-)}

\definesubmol{URbase}{-[:90]N*6(-(=O)-NH=(=O)-=-)}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% nucleobases for RNA assembly

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% RNA nucleotide assembly

\definesubmol{4th}{-[:180]O-[:180]X(=[:-90]O)(-[:180]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})-[:90]O-[:90]([:54]*5(-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{CRbase})-O-(-[:90]-[:180]O-[:180]P(-[:90]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})(-[:180]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})(=[:-90]O))<))}   % upper end segment

\definesubmol{3rd}{-[:180]O-[:180]P(=[:-90]O)(-[:180]\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})-[:90]O-[:90]([:54]*5(-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{GRbase})-O-(-[:90]!{4th})<))} % third middle segment

\definesubmol{2nd}{O-[:90]([:54]*5(-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{ARbase})-O-(-[:90]!{3rd})<))} % second middle segment

\definesubmol{RNA}{[:-54]*5((-[:90]-[:180]O([:180]-P(-\charge{135:3pt=$\scriptstyle\ominus$}{O})(=[:-90]O)(-[::-90]!{2nd})))<(-[:-90]HO)-[,,,,line width=4pt](-[:-90]OH)>(!{URbase})-O-)} % bottom end segment

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% RNA nucleotide assembly

\begin{document}

\setchemfig{scheme debug=true}
\setchemfig{atom sep=2em}
\begin{figure}[h]
\captionsetup[subfigure]{justification=centering}
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{.525\textwidth}
        \begin{mybox}
            \scalebox{0.725}{
              \chemfig{!{RNA}}
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter4),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=12.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=48](){};
              }
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter3),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=9.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=180](){};
              }   
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter10),fill=yellow,opacity=0.2,inner sep=12.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
              }       
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter9),fill=green,opacity=0.2,inner sep=12.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
              }   
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter7),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=12.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=48](){};
              }
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter6),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=9.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=180](){};
              }   
            }
        \end{mybox}
        \caption[RNA]{RNA chain}
    \end{subfigure}
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b]{.45\textwidth}
        \begin{subfigure}[t]{\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox} 
            \scalebox{0.725}{
              \chemfig{!{backB}}
            }
        \end{mybox}
            \caption{sugar backbone}
        \end{subfigure}
        \par\bigskip
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.55\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.725}{
                  \chemfig{[:72]!{Abase}}
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter2),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=12.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
                  }
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=red,opacity=0.2,inner sep=9.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=90](){};
                  }
                }
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{adenine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.4\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
            \scalebox{0.725}{
              \chemfig{!{Ubase}}
              \chemmove{%
                  \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=yellow,opacity=0.2,inner sep=12.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
              }
            }
        \end{mybox}
            \caption{uracil}
        \end{subfigure}
        \par\bigskip
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.55\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.725}{
                  \chemfig{[:72]!{Gbase}}
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter2),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=12.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
                  }
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=cyan,opacity=0.2,inner sep=9.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=5,rotate=90](){};
                  }  
                }
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{guanine}
        \end{subfigure}
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{.4\textwidth}
            \begin{mybox}
                \scalebox{0.725}{
                  \chemfig{!{Cbase}}
                  \chemmove{%
                      \node[at=(cyclecenter1),fill=green,opacity=0.2,inner sep=12.5pt,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6,rotate=90](){};
                  }
                }
            \end{mybox}
            \caption{cytosine}
        \end{subfigure}
    \end{minipage}
    \par\bigskip
    \decoRule
    \caption{RNA structural organisation: \lipsum[1]}\label{reduced}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

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