我正在写一篇论文，对 Latex 不太熟悉。我选择了 tabularx 环境，因为它允许自动对齐文本。不过，在我制作的最后一个表格中，它做了一件奇怪的事情：最后一列没有垂直居中。有人能帮忙吗？我在网上找不到任何有用的东西……非常感谢！
%helmet
\newcolumntype{s}{>{\hsize=.35\hsize\centering\arraybackslash}X} \newcolumntype{b}{>{\hsize=.07\hsize\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcolumntype{c}{>{\hsize=.11\hsize\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcolumntype{d}{>{\hsize=.18\hsize\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\begin{table}[htbp] \label{table: valhelmet}
\renewcommand*{\tabularxcolumn}[1]{m{#1}}
\caption{Survey helmet Stanley}
\centering
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{| s | b | b | b | b | b || c | d |}
\hline
\textbf{Rating:} & \textbf{1} & \textbf{2} & \textbf{3} & \textbf{4} & \textbf{5} & \textbf{Mean} & \textbf{Standard Deviation}
\\ \hline\hline
\textbf{Comfort of the helmet} & 1 & 0 & 2 & 0 & 0 & 2.33 & 1.15
\\ \hline
\textbf{Wight of the helmet} & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 3.00 & 1.00
\\ \hline
\textbf{Comparison between 0having the camera inside (1) and in front (5) of the helmet} & 2 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1.33 & 0.58
\\ \hline
\textbf{Communication quality} & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 3.33 & 1.53
\\ \hline
\textbf{Comparison between HMT-1 (1) and AVATOUR (5): communication} & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1.50 & 0.71
\\ \hline
\textbf{Comparison between HMT-1 (1) and AVATOUR (5): overall} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 3.50 & 0.71
\\ \hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
答案1
不需要从X类型派生出多个列。单个X类型列和c其余列就足够了。我还会缩写“标准偏差”。
在下面的 MWE 中，我还添加了第二个示例，其中我删除了所有垂直线和大部分水平线，不使用粗体文本，并稍微重新排列/缩短了第一列中的信息：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tabularx}
%%% only used in the second example:
\usepackage{makecell}
\renewcommand{\theadfont}{\normalsize}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\begin{document}
%helmet
\newcolumntype{s}{>{\hsize=.35\hsize\centering\arraybackslash}X} \newcolumntype{B}{>{\hsize=.07\hsize\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\hsize=.11\hsize\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcolumntype{d}{>{\hsize=.19\hsize\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\renewcommand*{\tabularxcolumn}[1]{m{#1}}
\caption{Survey helmet Stanley}
\label{table: valhelmet} % place this after the caption to prevent wrong cross referencing
\centering
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{| >{\centering\arraybackslash}X | c | c | c | c | c || c | c |}
\hline
\textbf{Rating:} & \textbf{1} & \textbf{2} & \textbf{3} & \textbf{4} & \textbf{5} & \textbf{Mean} & \textbf{Std.\ Dev.}
\\ \hline\hline
\textbf{Comfort of the helmet} & 1 & 0 & 2 & 0 & 0 & 2.33 & 1.15
\\ \hline
\textbf{Wight of the helmet} & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 3.00 & 1.00
\\ \hline
\textbf{Comparison between 0having the camera inside (1) and in front (5) of the helmet} & 2 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1.33 & 0.58
\\ \hline
\textbf{Communication quality} & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 3.33 & 1.53
\\ \hline
\textbf{Comparison between HMT-1 (1) and AVATOUR (5): communication} & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1.50 & 0.71
\\ \hline
\textbf{Comparison between HMT-1 (1) and AVATOUR (5): overall} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 3.50 & 0.71
\\ \hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Survey helmet Stanley}
\label{table: valhelmet}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{X *{7}{c}}
\toprule
\thead[l]{Rating} & \thead{1} & \thead{2} & \thead{3} & \thead{4} & \thead{5} & \thead{Mean} & \thead{Std.\ Dev.} \\
\midrule
Comfort of the helmet & 1 & 0 & 2 & 0 & 0 & 2.33 & 1.15 \\ \addlinespace
Weight of the helmet & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 3.00 & 1.00 \\ \addlinespace
Camera position: inside (1) vs. front (5) & 2 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1.33 & 0.58 \\\addlinespace
Communication quality & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 3.33 & 1.53 \\\addlinespace
HMT-1 (1) vs. AVATOUR (5) \\
\quad Communication & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1.50 & 0.71 \\
\quad Overall & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 3.50 & 0.71 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案2
编辑：
现在被视为talltblr表格，在tabularray软件包版本 2021M（2021-08-01）以上可用（原始答案已使用longtblr）。它是环境的替代品threeparttable。它不能跨多个页面，但可以放在表格环境中。：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htb]
\begin{talltblr}[
caption={Survey helmet Stanley},
label={table: valhelmet},
note{a} = {\textbf{SD}: \textbf{S}tandard \textbf{D}eviation}
]%
{hlines, vlines,
hline{1,2,8} =0.8pt,
vline{7} = 0.8pt,
colspec = {X[1,l,m] *{7}{c} }, %*{7}{c}
column{1} = {font=\bfseries},
row{1} = {font=\bfseries},
}
Rating: & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & Mean & SD\TblrNote{a} \\
Comfort of the helmet
& 1 & 0 & 2 & 0 & 0 & 2.33 & 1.15 \\
Wight of the helmet
& 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 3.00 & 1.00 \\
Comparison between 0 having the camera inside (1) and in front (5) of the helmet
& 2 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1.33 & 0.58 \\
Communication quality
& 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 3.33 & 1.53 \\
Comparison between HMT-1 (1) and AVATOUR (5): communication
& 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1.50 & 0.71 \\
Comparison between HMT-1 (1) and AVATOUR (5): overall
& 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 3.50 & 0.71 \\
\end{talltblr}
\end{table}
\end{document}
