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我如何创建这种类型的多列和多行表？

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我如何创建这种类型的多列和多行表？

桌子

我想在 LaTex 中创建这个表格。

答案1

\arraystretch您也许可以通过嵌套表格和使用、 \hphantom和来实现您的需要\rlap。

\RequirePackage{array}
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\newlength\scratchlength

\definecolor{LightGrayCellColor}{RGB}{251 251 251}
\definecolor{DarkGrayCellColor}{RGB}{245 245 245}
\definecolor{RuleColor}{RGB}{232 232 232}
\definecolor{TextColor}{RGB}{64 64 64}

\begin{document}

\begingroup
\arrayrulecolor{RuleColor}%
\color{TextColor}%
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{2}%
%\arrayrulewidth=2\arrayrulewidth % <- increase thickness of lines in
  % case by your pdf-viewer they are not displayed correctly with 
  % small zoom-factors.
\noindent
\begin{tabular}{@{}llllll@{}}%
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|@{}l@{}}{%
  \begin{tabular}[c]{l|l}%
    \multicolumn{2}{l}{\cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}\textsf{Vegetables}}\\%
    \hline
    \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}\hbox{\rlap{\textsf{Annual}}\hphantom{Beetroot}}&%
    \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}\hbox{\rlap{\textsf{Perennial}}\hphantom{Capsicum}}%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{2}{|@{}l@{}}{%
  \begin{tabular}[c]{l|l}%
    \multicolumn{2}{l}{\cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}\textsf{Herbs}}\\%
    \hline
    \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}\rlap{\textsf{Annual}}\hphantom{Fenugreek}&%
    \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}\rlap{\textsf{Perennial}}\hphantom{Holy Basil}%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}%
    \textsf{Fruits}%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l|}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}%
    \textsf{Flowers}%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
\\%
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{%
  \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}%
    Beans\\%
    \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}Beetroot\settowidth\scratchlength{Melon}\global\scratchlength\scratchlength\\%
    \multicolumn{1}{@{}p{\scratchlength}}{Bitter\hfill\null\linebreak Melon\strut}\\%
    \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}Carrot\settowidth\scratchlength{Gourd}\global\scratchlength\scratchlength\\%
    \multicolumn{1}{@{}p{\scratchlength}}{Bottle\hfill\null\linebreak Gourd\strut}\\%
    \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Capsicum\\%
    Chilli\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Pepper%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Coriander\\%
    Fenugreek\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Garlic\\%
    Basil\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Carom\\%
    Dill%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Ginger\\%
    Saffron\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Holy Basil\\%
    Thyme\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Turmeric\\%
    Rosemary%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Strawberry\\%
    Blueberry\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Fig\\%
    Tomato\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Pineapple\\%
   Cantaloupe%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l|}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Petunia\\%
    Geranium\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Begonia\\%
    Lobelia\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Pansy\\%
    Impatiens%
  \end{tabular}%
}\\%
\hline
\end{tabular}%
\endgroup

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

使用 pgfmath 您可以计算\arraystretch，\extrarowheight使得单元格顶部规则和大写字母之间的垂直间隙大约与单元格小写字母和底部规则之间的垂直间隙相同，即 strutbox 的深度和字母深度之间的差异按比例yjpqfgj缩放，使得单行表格单元格的总高度和深度为2\baselineskip 而支撑架和\baselineskip可通过 进行调整\fontsize。
（单行表格单元格的总高度和深度必须为，2\baselineskip因为最左边的列有 5 行，其中两行垂直方向较大，\baselineskip而其他列有 6 行，因此 5rows+2 \baselineskip=6rows→2 \baselineskip=1row...）

\RequirePackage{array}
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{pgfmath}
\newlength\scratchlength

\definecolor{LightGrayCellColor}{RGB}{251 251 251}
\definecolor{DarkGrayCellColor}{RGB}{245 245 245}
\definecolor{RuleColor}{RGB}{232 232 232}
\definecolor{TextColor}{RGB}{64 64 64}

\begin{document}
\makeatletter
\begingroup
\arrayrulecolor{RuleColor}%
\color{TextColor}%
\fontsize{12pt}{12pt}\selectfont
\settoheight\scratchlength{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}%
\extrarowheight=\scratchlength
\settodepth\scratchlength{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}%
\advance\extrarowheight-\scratchlength
\pgfmathparse{((2\baselineskip-\extrarowheight)/(2\dp\strutbox))}%
\let\arraystretch\pgfmathresult
\pgfmathparse{(1/(\arraystretch))}%
\extrarowheight=\pgfmathresult\extrarowheight
\advance\extrarowheight\dp\strutbox
\advance\extrarowheight-\ht\strutbox
%\arrayrulewidth=2\arrayrulewidth % <- increase thickness of lines in
  % case by your pdf-viewer they are not displayed correctly with 
  % small zoom-factors.
\noindent
\begin{tabular}{@{}llllll@{}}%
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|@{}l@{}}{%
  \begin{tabular}[c]{l|l}%
    \multicolumn{2}{l}{\cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}\textsf{Vegetables}}\\%
    \hline
    \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}\hbox{\rlap{\textsf{Annual}}\hphantom{Beetroot}}&%
    \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}\hbox{\rlap{\textsf{Perennial}}\hphantom{Capsicum}}%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{2}{|@{}l@{}}{%
  \begin{tabular}[c]{l|l}%
    \multicolumn{2}{l}{\cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}\textsf{Herbs}}\\%
    \hline
    \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}\rlap{\textsf{Annual}}\hphantom{Fenugreek}&%
    \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}\rlap{\textsf{Perennial}}\hphantom{Holy Basil}%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}%
    \textsf{Fruits}%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l|}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}%
    \textsf{Flowers}%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
\\%
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{%
  \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}%
    Beans\\%
    \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}Beetroot\settowidth\scratchlength{Melon}\global\scratchlength\scratchlength\\%
    \multicolumn{1}{@{}p{\scratchlength}}{Bitter\hfill\null\linebreak Melon}\\%
    \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}Carrot\settowidth\scratchlength{Gourd}\global\scratchlength\scratchlength\\%
    \multicolumn{1}{@{}p{\scratchlength}}{Bottle\hfill\null\linebreak Gourd}\\%
    \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Capsicum\\%
    Chilli\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Pepper%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Coriander\\%
    Fenugreek\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Garlic\\%
    Basil\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Carom\\%
    Dill%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Ginger\\%
    Saffron\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Holy Basil\\%
    Thyme\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Turmeric\\%
    Rosemary%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Strawberry\\%
    Blueberry\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Fig\\%
    Tomato\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Pineapple\\%
   Cantaloupe%
  \end{tabular}%
}%
&%
\multicolumn{1}{|l|}{%
  \cellcolor{LightGrayCellColor}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Petunia\\%
    Geranium\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Begonia\\%
    Lobelia\\%
    \cellcolor{DarkGrayCellColor}Pansy\\%
    Impatiens%
  \end{tabular}%
}\\%
\hline
\end{tabular}%
\endgroup

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

使用新的 LaTeX3 包可以更轻松地创建此类表格tabularray：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tabularray,xcolor}

\begin{document}

\begin{tblr}{
  vspan=even, hlines={white,1pt}, vlines = {white,1pt},
  row{1-2} = {font=\sffamily,azure9},
  row{3} = {gray9}, row{4-12} = {gray9!50},
  cell{1}{1,3} = {c=2}{}, cell{1}{5,6} = {r=2}{},
  cell{5,10}{1} = {r=3}{gray9}, cell{8}{1} = {r=2}{},
  cell{5,7,9,11}{2-6} = {r=2}{},
  cell{5}{2-6} = {gray9}, cell{9}{3-6} = {gray9},
}
Vegetables        &           & Herbs     &            & Fruits     & Flowers   \\
Annual            & Perennial & Annual    & Perennial  &            &           \\
Beans             & Capsicum  & Coriander & Ginger     & Strawberry & Petunia   \\
Beetroot          & Chilli    & Fenugreek & Saffron    & Blueberry  & Geranium  \\ 
{Bitter \\ Melon} & Pepper    & Garlic    & Holy Basil & Fig        & Begonia   \\
                  &           &           &            &            &           \\
                  &           & Basil     & Thyme      & Tomato     & Lobelia   \\                                
Carrot            &           &           &            &            &           \\
                  &           & Carom     & Turmeric   & Pineapple  & Pansy     \\
{Bottle \\ Gourd} &           &           &            &            &           \\
                  &           & Dill      & Rosemary   & Cantaloupe & Impatiens \\
                  &           &           &            &            &           \\
\end{tblr}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

这是一个{NiceTabular}使用 的解决方案nicematrix。

无论使用什么 PDF 查看器，规则似乎都不会消失。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{nicematrix,tikz,makecell}

\begin{document}

\definecolor{gray1}{gray}{0.8}
\definecolor{gray2}{gray}{0.9}
\newcommand{\headstyle}{\RowStyle{\sffamily}\rowcolor{gray2}}

\begin{NiceTabular}{llllll}[hvlines,cell-space-limits=7pt,colortbl-like]
\CodeBefore
  \rowcolors{3}{gray1}{gray2}
  \tikz \fill [gray1] (5-|1) rectangle (6.5-|2) (7.5-|1) rectangle (9-|2) ;
  \tikz \fill [gray2] (6.5-|1) rectangle (7.5-|2) ; 
\Body
  \headstyle
  \Block[l]{1-2}{Vegetable} & & \Block[l]{1-2}{Herbs} & & \Block{2-1}{Fruits} & \Block{2-1}{Flowers} \\
  \headstyle
  Annual    & Perennial    & Annual             & Perennial  & \\
  Beans     & Capsicum     & Coriander          & Ginger     & Strawberry          & Petunia \\
  Beetroot  & Chilli       & Fenugreek          & Saffron    & Blueberry           & Geranium \\
  \smash{\makecell[t]{Bitter\\ Melon}}
  \Block{4-1}{}
            & Pepper       & Garlic             & Holy Basil & Fig                 & Begonia \\
  \Block{2-1}{Carrot}
            & \Block[fill=gray2]{3-1}{}
                           & Basil              & Thyme      & Tomato              & Lobelia \\
            &              & Carom              & Turmeric   & Pineapple           & Pansy \\
  \smash{\makecell[b]{Bottle\\ Gourd}}
            &              & Dill               & Rosemary   & Cantaloupe          & Impatiens
\CodeAfter
  \tikz \draw (6.5-|1) -- (6.5-|2) (7.5-|1) -- (7.5-|2) ;
\end{NiceTabular}

\end{document}

您需要多次编译（因为 PGF/Tikz 节点）。

上述代码的输出

答案4

虽然这两个答案都有效，但（在我看来）它们太难了。为什么不直接使用简单的在线表格生成器呢：https://www.tablesgenerator.com/？

它允许您创建表格（几乎是所见即所得），然后复制/粘贴 latex 源代码。比手动输入所有 latex 代码要容易得多（在我看来，也更容易调试）。

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