在 Latex Tikz 中的图形中绘制点线边

Question

我一直在尝试用点绘制的边来完成图片中的图形。（a）........（b）。我搜索了互联网但没有找到任何结果，你能帮我吗？这是我正在使用的代码。

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    \node[ellipse,draw] (2) at (1,0.4) {$1$};
    \node[ellipse,draw] (1) at (-1.5,0.4) {$2$};
    \node[ellipse,draw] (7) at (-1.5,3.6){$3$};    
    \node[ellipse,draw] (8) at (-2.1,2){$4$};
    \node[ellipse,draw] (9) at (2,3){$5$};
        
    \node[ellipse,draw] (3) at (-6,0.5) {$6$};
    \node[ellipse,draw] (4) at (-6.3,4) {$7$};
    \node[ellipse,draw] (6) at (-8,1) {$8$};
    \node[ellipse,draw] (10) at (-8.5,3.9){$9$};
    \draw (1) -- (2);
    \draw (7) -- (8);
    \draw (8) -- (9);
    \draw (8) -- (1);
    \draw (9) -- (7);
    \draw (2) -- (8);
    \draw (2) -- (7);
    \draw (2) -- (9);
    \draw (1) -- (9);   
    \draw (1) -- (7);
    
    \draw (10) -- (6);
    \draw (10) -- (4);
    \draw (4) -- (3);
    \draw (6)--(4);
    \draw (3)--(10);
    \draw (6)--(3);
    
    \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Illustration}
\end{figure}

期望输出：

抱歉，画得不好。我知道如何画出弧形边缘。绘图示例：\draw (7) to [out=20,in=160,looseness=0.5] (10);

我只是想知道如何将其更改为点线，因为我在文档中没有找到这种类型的箭头（仅适用于部分边缘，而不是全部）。提前致谢 :)。

Answer 1

您只需添加一个选项，如[dashed]，[dotted]等等。

查看PGF TiKz 手册根据图形参数：线宽、线端和线连接，目前在第 174 页。手册是你最好的朋友，我建议你做里面的教程，因为它们对于初学者来说是一个很好的开始。

此外，我还将您的节点重命名，使其更符合逻辑。

\documentclass[margin=2cm]{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \node[ellipse,draw] (1) at (1,0.4) {$1$};
    \node[ellipse,draw] (2) at (-1.5,0.4) {$2$};
    \node[ellipse,draw] (3) at (-1.5,3.6){$3$};    
    \node[ellipse,draw] (4) at (-2.1,2){$4$};
    \node[ellipse,draw] (5) at (2,3){$5$};
        
    \node[ellipse,draw] (6) at (-6,0.5) {$6$};
    \node[ellipse,draw] (7) at (-6.3,4) {$7$};
    \node[ellipse,draw] (8) at (-8,1) {$8$};
    \node[ellipse,draw] (9) at (-8.5,3.9){$9$};

    \draw (1)
        edge (2)
        edge (3)
        edge (4)
        edge (5);
    \draw (2)
        edge (3)
        edge (4)
        edge (5);
    \draw (3)
        edge (4)
        edge (5);
    \draw (4) -- (5);

    \draw (6)
        edge (7)
        edge (8)
        edge (9);
    \draw (7)
        edge (8)
        edge (9);
    \draw (8) -- (9);

    \draw[dashed] (9) to[out=30,in=140,looseness=1] (3);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

正如我在评论中所说，您只需要将选项densely dotted（例如）添加到您提议的最后一条\draw命令中：

\draw[densely dotted] (7) to [out=20,in=160,looseness=0.5] (10);

我提出这个例子，其中我重命名了节点以便于阅读，并借助\foreach命令绘制了边以减少代码。

\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} % ellipse nodes

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
% pentagon nodes
\node[ellipse,draw] (1) at ( 1  ,0.4) {$1$};
\node[ellipse,draw] (2) at (-1.5,0.4) {$2$};
\node[ellipse,draw] (3) at (-1.5,3.6) {$3$};    
\node[ellipse,draw] (4) at (-2.1,2)   {$4$};
\node[ellipse,draw] (5) at ( 2  ,3)   {$5$};
% quadrilateral nodes
\node[ellipse,draw] (6) at (-6  ,0.5) {$6$};
\node[ellipse,draw] (7) at (-6.3,4)   {$7$};
\node[ellipse,draw] (8) at (-8  ,1)   {$8$};
\node[ellipse,draw] (9) at (-8.5,3.9) {$9$};
% pentagon graph
\foreach\i[evaluate=\i as \ii using {int(\i+1)}] in {1,...,4} \foreach\j in {\ii,...,5}
  \draw (\i) -- (\j);
% quadrilateral graph
\foreach\i[evaluate=\i as \ii using {int(\i+1)}] in {6,7,8}   \foreach\j in {\ii,...,9}
  \draw (\i) -- (\j);
% link between the two graphs
\draw[red,thick,densely dotted] (3) to [out=130,in=40] (9);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}