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修复带有方程式和图像的表格的对齐问题

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修复带有方程式和图像的表格的对齐问题

我对表格对齐的期望特征是：

  • 单元格大小应根据内容自动调整。
  • 每个表格单元格内容都应垂直和水平居中对齐。
  • 第一列的内容（标题除外）应垂直居中对齐、水平左对齐。
  • 图像和表格单元格边框之间应该有相当数量的填充。
  • 标题行的文字颜色和背景颜色应该不同。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\tabcolsep10pt\fboxrule0pt\fboxsep\tabcolsep
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{array}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\flushleft\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\renewcommand{\tabularxcolumn}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}}

\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{|L{.15\linewidth}|X|X|X|} \hline
          \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{Property} & Microcanonical & Canonical & Grand-canonical  \\ \hline
          Contact with environment 
          & Isolated system, so the energy and number of particles are constant.
          & System are in thermal contact, such that it can exchange energy but no particles. 
          &  System can exchange both energy and particles. \\ \hline
          Probability density, $\rho(E)$
          &  {$$\begin{cases} \text{C,} & E \text{ to } (E+dE)\\ 0, & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$}
          here, $C=$ constant
          & $Ae^{(F-E)/KT}$
          & $Ae^{(\Omega + \mu N - E)/KT}$ \\ \hline
          Diagram
          & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth, valign=c]{example-image}
          & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth, valign=c]{example-image}
          & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth, valign=c]{example-image} \\ \hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{center}

\end{document}

需要修复的问题：

  • 第一列的内容未垂直居中对齐
  • 显示方程式的第二列单元格未正确居中对齐。
  • 图像周围的填充显示得不太完美。

答案1

使用\(...\)而非$$...$$；\raggedright而非\flushleft。此外valign=C，还有一个技巧可以在顶部添加一些填充。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{tabularx}

\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\renewcommand{\tabularxcolumn}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}}

\begin{document}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{|L{.15\linewidth}|X|X|X|} \hline
  \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{Property} & Microcanonical & Canonical & Grand-canonical \\
  \hline
  Contact with environment 
    & Isolated system, so the energy and number of particles are constant.
    & System are in thermal contact, such that it can exchange energy but no particles. 
    & System can exchange both energy and particles. \\
  \hline
  Probability density, $\rho(E)$
    & \(\begin{cases} \text{C,} & E \text{ to } (E+dE)\\ 0, & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\)
      \vspace{1ex}\newline here, $C$ is a constant
    & $Ae^{(F-E)/KT}$
    & $Ae^{(\Omega + \mu N - E)/KT}$ \\
  \hline
  Diagram
    & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth, valign=C,margin=0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt]{example-image}
    & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth, valign=C,margin=0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt]{example-image}
    & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth, valign=C,margin=0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt]{example-image} \\
  \hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{center}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

使用tabularray表并使用包\adjincludegraphics中的宏adjustbox：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage{tabularray}

\begin{document}
    \begin{center}
    \adjustboxset{height=0.15\textwidth, % had to be defined
                  keepaspectratio,
                  valign=m}
\begin{tblr}{hlines, vlines,
             colspec={X[0.6,l,m] *{3}{X[1,c,m]}},
             rowsep=4pt,
             }
\SetCell{c} Property
    & Microcanonical
        & Canonical
            & Grand-canonical                                       \\
Contact with environment
    &   Isolated system, so the energy and number of particles are constant.
        &   System are in thermal contact, such that it can exchange energy but no particles.
            &   System can exchange both energy and particles.      \\
Probability density, $\rho(E)$
    & \parbox{\linewidth}{$\begin{cases}
        \text{C,} & E \text{ to } (E+dE)\\
               0, & \text{otherwise}
        \end{cases}$

    \medskip
      here, $C$ is a constant}
    & $Ae^{(F-E)/KT}$
        & $Ae^{(\Omega + \mu N - E)/KT}$ \\
Diagram
    &   \adjincludegraphics{example-image-duck}
        &   \adjincludegraphics{example-image-duck} 
            &   \adjincludegraphics{example-image-duck} \\
\end{tblr}
    \end{center}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

编辑： 上述解决方案的弱点在于确定图像的大小。为了正确地将它们调整到列的宽度，必须猜测允许的高度。不幸的是，现在通过列宽确定它们的宽度会在其上方/下方插入大量垂直空间（由于软件包中的错误）。

使用新版本的软件包，这个错误将被删除，并且可以通过以下设置根据列的宽度简单地确定正确的图像大小：

    \adjustboxset{width=\linewidth,   % <---
                  keepaspectratio,
                  valign=m}

结果表将与之前相同。更多信息，请参阅这回答。

答案3

与。{NiceTabular}​nicematrix

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage{nicematrix}


\begin{document}

\begin{center}
\begin{NiceTabular}{m[l]{.15\linewidth}X[m,c]X[m,c]X[m,c]}[hvlines,cell-space-top-limit=3pt,colortbl-like]
  \RowStyle[color=blue]{\centering}\rowcolor{lightgray}
  Property & Microcanonical & Canonical & Grand-canonical \\
  Contact with environment 
    & Isolated system, so the energy and number of particles are constant.
    & System are in thermal contact, such that it can exchange energy but no particles. 
    & System can exchange both energy and particles. \\
  Probability density, $\rho(E)$
    & \(\begin{cases} \text{C,} & E \text{ to } (E+dE)\\ 0, & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\)
      \vspace{1ex}\newline here, $C$ is a constant
    & $Ae^{(F-E)/KT}$
    & $Ae^{(\Omega + \mu N - E)/KT}$ \\
  Diagram
    & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth, valign=C]{example-image}
    & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth, valign=C]{example-image}
    & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth, valign=C]{example-image} \\
\end{NiceTabular}
\end{center}

\end{document}

上述代码的输出

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