答案1
请尝试以下操作:
\documentclass[border=3.141592]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
calc, chains,
positioning,
shapes}
\makeatletter
\tikzset{suspend join/.code={\def\tikz@after@path{}}}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 8mm and 12mm,
start chain = going below,
V/.style = {ellipse, draw=red, semithick,
minimum width=3.4em, inner xsep=0pt, font=\small,
on chain},
X/.style = {V, font=\large},
every label/.append style = {label distance=0pt, inner sep=1pt, font=\large},
every path/.append style = {draw=cyan,-{Triangle[scale=0.8]},semithick, }
]
\node (v1) [V, label=$\nu_1$] {$\cos \nu$};
\node (v2) [V, label=$\nu_2$] {$\ln \nu$};
\node (v3) [V, label=$\nu_3$] {$\nu_{-1}\nu_0$};
\node (v4) [V, label=$\nu_4$] {$\nu^3_0$};
%
\node(x1) [X, label=$\nu_{-1}$,
left=of v2] {$x_1$};
\node(x0) [X, label=$\nu_0$,
left=of $(v3.west)!0.5!(v4.west)$] {$x_1$};
%
\node(v6) [suspend join, V,
label=$\nu_6$,
right=of v3] {$\nu_4+\nu_2$};
%
\node(v5) [V, label=$\nu_5$,
right=of v1 -| v6] {$\nu_1+\nu_3$};
\node(v7) [V, label=$\nu_4$,
right=of x0 -| v6] {$\nu_1+\nu_3$};
%
\foreach \i in {1,2,3}
\path (x1) -- (v\i);
\foreach \i in {3,4,7}
\path (x0) -- (v\i);
%
\path (v1) -- (v5);
\path (v2) -- (v6);
\path (v4) -- (v6);
\path (v6) -- (v7);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}