使用 tikz 绘制此字符串图

Question

我需要绘制下图

使用第二张图的样式

换句话说，我需要所有盒子都是相同的形状（正方形或矩形），并且所有电线都像第二张图中的一样细。电线的标签不是必需的。在 tikz 中，最有效的方法是什么？

第二张图片的代码是

\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings,positioning}
\newcommand{\catname}[1]{\mathbf{#1}}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[arr/.style={
            postaction={decorate},          
            decoration={
            markings,
            mark=at position #1 with {\arrow{>}}}}]


\node at (0,0) [rectangle, draw, minimum size= 10 mm] (f) {\emph{John}};
\node at (0,2) [rectangle] (h) {};
\draw[arr=0.6] (0, 0.5) -- (0, 1.5) node[pos=0.3,right]{$\catname{n_m}$};
        \draw (0,1.5) to[out=90,in=90,looseness=2] (1,1.5);
        \draw[arr=0.5] (1,1.5) -- (1,0.5)node[pos=0.6,right]{$\catname{n^r}$};


\node at (1.5,0) [rectangle, draw, minimum size= 10 mm] (f) {\emph{likes}};
\node at (3,2) [rectangle] (h) {};
\draw [->] (1.6,0.5) -- (1.6,2) node[above, left] {$\catname{s_1}$};
\draw[arr=0.6] (2, 1.5) -- (2, 0.5) node[pos=0.6,right]{$\catname{n^l}$};
        \draw (2,1.5) to[out=90,in=90,looseness=2] (3,1.5);
        \draw[arr=0.5] (3,0.5) -- (3,1.5)node[pos=0.4,right]{$\catname{n^f}$};

\node at (3,0) [rectangle, draw, minimum size= 10 mm] (f) {\emph{Mary}};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

我想重现第一张图片，我认为我可以使用与第二张图片类似的技术。但是，我发现最困难的是绘制第一个标有 $\nu$ 的三角形后面的两个圆弧，我无法将它们一个放在另一个上面。有什么提示吗？

Answer 1

连接 $\nu$ 和 $\Psi$ 的导线如此曲折，有什么特殊原因吗？如果你正在考虑同位素的弦图，你可以通过以下方式“拉直”所有导线来大大简化绘图：

\documentclass[margin=4mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings,positioning}
\newcommand{\catname}[1]{\mathbf{#1}}
\begin{document}

\tikzset{
 arr/.style={ postaction={decorate}
            , decoration={ markings
                         , mark=at position #1 with {\arrow{>}}
                         }
            },
 arr/.default=0.5,
 rarr/.style 2 args={ rounded corners= #1
             , postaction={decorate}
             , decoration={ markings
                         , mark=at position #2 with {\arrow{>}}
                         }
            },
% the `rarr` style adds an argument for the roundedness of the corners
% `rarr` defaults at {4mm}{0.5}, and `arr` at 0.5:
 rarr/.default={4mm}{0.5},
 leaf/.style={ rectangle
             , draw
             %==
             , thick
             , fill=gray!10
             %== improves readability
             , minimum size= 10 mm
             },
}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[leaf] (nu) at (0,0) {$\nu$};
% ...is this a \nu or a `v`? Considering that the other is a `w`...
% anyway, first draw all the nodes:
\node[leaf] (not) at (4,0) {\emph{not}};
\node[leaf] (psi) at (6,0) {$\Psi$};
\node[leaf]   (w) at (8,0) {$w$};
% now the wires:
\draw[rarr] (psi.-50)
  %               ↑
  % note that the starting point of the wire is at -45 degress \pm an offset;
  % in this case, 5 degrees. Same for the left wire exiting from \Psi.
  |-      ++(1.5,-.5) 
  --        (w.south);
\draw[rarr] (psi.south) 
  |-         ++(-2,-.5) 
  --        (not.south);
\draw[rarr={2mm}{0.75}] (psi.-130) 
  % here's where the possibility to adjust `rarr` first parameter comes in handy.
  |-                  ++(-.5,-.25) 
  --                   ++(-.05, 3) 
  -|                        (2,-1) 
  --                        (0,-1) 
  --                    (nu.south);
\draw[rarr={1mm}{.75}] (not.north) 
  |-                      ++(-1,1) 
  -|                   ++(-.25,-3);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}