使用此代码有效
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}
\singlespacing
\begin{longtable}{ L{3cm} L{4cm} L{4cm} L{4cm} L{4cm} }
\caption{Determination of whether studies' outcomes were concordant with any theoretical framework invoked} \label{tab:long} \\
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Study}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Outcome 1}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Outcome 2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Theory invoked}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Determination}} \\ \hline
\endfirsthead
\hline \multicolumn{1}{r}{{Continued on next page}} \\ \hline
\endfoot
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Study}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Outcome 1}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Outcome 2}}&
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Theory invoked}}&
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Determination}} \\ \hline
\endhead
\hline \multicolumn{5}{r}{{Continued on next page}} \\ \hline
\endfoot
\hline \hline
\endlastfoot
Cassidy & Marijuana vaping with ENDS or otherwise in the past 30 days vs. none & X & X & X \\
Lozano & Past 12-month marijuana use vs. none & X & X & X \\
Dai & Past 12-month marijuana use vs. none & Weekly or more often use of marijuana, hash, THC, grass, pot, or weed vs. none & X & X \\
Audrain-McGovern & Past 30-day combustible marijuana use vs. not, marijuana vaping vs. not, and edible marijuana use vs. not & Ever combustible marijuana use vs. none, marijuana vaping vs. none, and edible marijuana use vs. none & X & X \\
Unger & Marijuana use in the past month & X & X & X \\
Park & Marijuana use in the last 6 months vs. none & X & X & X \\
Wong & Past-month marijuana use at Wave 3 vs. none & X & X & X \\
Rogers & Any marijuana use in the past 30 days vs. none & X & X & X \\
Pokhrel & Past 12-month marijuana use vs. not & X & X & X \\
Evans-Polce & Past 30-day nonmedical prescription tranquilizer, sedative, stimulant, or opioid use use & X & X & X \\
Lee & Ever marijuana vaping in Wave 4 vs. none & X & X & X \\
Butler & Cannabis use (at least monthly in the last 12 months) at T2 & X & X & X \\
Bentivegna & Past 12-month use of marijuana in Wave 2 or Wave 3 & X & X & X \\
Ksinan & Never cannabis use vs. cannabis use 1-5 times in the past 12 months vs. 6 or more times in the past 12 months & X & X & X \\
Ortega & Ever use of marijuana vs. not at each of two follow-up years & X & X & X \\
Seidel & Cannabis use: not at all vs. only a few puffs vs. 1-19 times vs. 20-100 times vs. more than 100 times & X & X & X \\
\end{longtable}
\end{landscape}
如果我将 改为\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}并将\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}p{#1}}中的 L 改为 P \begin{longtable}{ L{3cm} L{4cm} L{4cm} L{4cm} L{4cm} }，则会出现错误。
答案1
L从列类型更改为P不会引发错误，但您的代码片段存在其他问题：在表序中您有两个定义foot。
我会稍微重新设计一下你的桌子。我会：
- 而不是使用包
\hline中定义的规则booktabs - 在行之间插入
\addlinespace也在booktabs包中定义 - 定义标题宽度等于文本宽度
- 对于列标题，使用包
\thead中定义的宏makecell
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{booktabs, longtable, makecell}
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}p{#1}}
\renewcommand\theadfont{\bfseries}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\begin{document}
\begin{landscape}
\setlength\LTleft{0pt}
\setlength\LTcapwidth\linewidth
%\begin{longtable}{ L{3cm} *{4}{L{4cm}} }
\begin{longtable}{ P{3cm} *{4}{P{4cm}} }
\caption{Determination of whether studies' outcomes were concordant with any theoretical framework invoked}
\label{tab:long} \\
\toprule
\thead{Study} & \thead{Outcome 1} & \thead{Outcome 2}
& \thead{Theory invoked} & \thead{Determination} \\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\caption[]{Determination of whether studies' outcomes were concordant with any theoretical framework invoked (cont.)} \\
\toprule
\thead{Study} & \thead{Outcome 1} & \thead{Outcome 2}
& \thead{Theory invoked} & \thead{Determination} \\
\midrule
\endhead
\midrule
\multicolumn{5}{r}{\footnotesize\textit{Continued on next page}} \\
\endfoot
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot
Cassidy & Marijuana vaping with ENDS or otherwise in the past 30 days vs. none
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Lozano & Past 12-month marijuana use vs. none
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Dai & Past 12-month marijuana use vs. none
& Weekly or more often use of marijuana, hash, THC, grass, pot, or weed vs. none
& X & X \\ \addlinespace
Audrain-McGovern
& Past 30-day combustible marijuana use vs. not, marijuana vaping vs. not, and edible marijuana use vs. not
& Ever combustible marijuana use vs. none, marijuana vaping vs. none, and edible marijuana use vs. none
& X & X \\ \addlinespace
Unger & Marijuana use in the past month
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Park & Marijuana use in the last 6 months vs. none
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Wong & Past-month marijuana use at Wave 3 vs. none
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Rogers & Any marijuana use in the past 30 days vs. none
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Pokhrel & Past 12-month marijuana use vs. not
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Evans-Polce & Past 30-day nonmedical prescription tranquilizer, sedative, stimulant, or opioid use
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Lee & Ever marijuana vaping in Wave 4 vs. none
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Butler & Cannabis use (at least monthly in the last 12 months) at T2
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Bentivegna & Past 12-month use of marijuana in Wave 2 or Wave 3
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Ksinan & Never cannabis use vs. cannabis use 1-5 times in the past 12 months vs. 6 or more times in the past 12 months
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Ortega & Ever use of marijuana vs. not at each of two follow-up years
& X & X & X \\ \addlinespace
Seidel & Cannabis use: not at all vs. only a few puffs vs. 1-19 times vs. 20-100 times vs. more than 100 times
& X & X & X \\
\end{longtable}
\end{landscape}
\end{document}
所以我无法说出你的文档出了什么问题。