我想用两种不同的背景颜色填充这两个（2）矩阵。
\documentclass[xcolor=dvipsnames,svgnames]{beamer}
\usetheme{Madrid}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric,arrows}
\usepackage{graphicx,animate}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{nicematrix, booktabs}
\usepackage{nicematrix}
\usepackage{booktabs, multirow}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[shrink = 39]
\frametitle{~}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
remember picture,
overlay,
expl/.style={draw=orange,fill=orange!30,rounded corners,text width=9cm},
arrow/.style={red!80!black,ultra thick,->,>=latex}
]
\node[expl]
(rhootext)
at (5.5,-3.0cm)
{\[
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}
\begin{pNiceMatrix}[last-col = 12]
x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & & & & & & & & & \mathbf{B_1} \\
& x_2 & x_3 & x_4 & & & & & & & & \mathbf{B_2} \\
& & x_3 & x_4 & x_5 & & & & & & & \mathbf{B_3} \\
& & & x_4 & x_5 & x_6 & & & & & & \mathbf{B_4} \\
& & & & x_5 & x_6 & x_7 & & & & & \mathbf{B_5} \\
& & & & & x_6 & x_7 & x_8 & & & & \mathbf{B_6} \\
& & & & & & x_7 & x_8 & x_9 & & & \mathbf{B_7} \\
& & & & & & & x_8 & x_9 & x_{10} & & \mathbf{B_8}
\end{pNiceMatrix}
\]};
\node[expl]
(rhotext)
at (14.5,-8.8cm)
{\[
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}
\begin{pNiceMatrix}[last-col = 11]
x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & & & & & & & & \mathbf{B_1} \\
& x_2 & x_3 & x_4 & & & & & & & \mathbf{B_2} \\
& & & x_4 & x_5 & x_6 & & & & & \mathbf{B_3} \\
& & & & x_5 & x_6 & x_7 & & & & \mathbf{B_4} \\
& & & & & & x_7 & x_8 & x_9 & & \mathbf{B_5} \\
& & & & & & & x_8 & x_9 & x_{10} & \mathbf{B_6} \\
\end{pNiceMatrix}
\]};
\draw[arrow]
(rhootext.east) to[out=0,in=0]([yshift=0.5ex]{rhotext});
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
答案1
您可以在节点样式中将其颜色定义为选项，例如，如果节点样式名称是box：
box/.style = {draw=#1, rounded corners, fill=#1!30},
然后用作
\node[box=cyan] (n1) {...};
考虑到上述情况，并引入新的命令以便更短地写作\mathbf{B_1}，\B_1MWE 可以是：
\documentclass[border=1mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, % <---
bending, % <---
positioning} % <---
\usepackage{nicematrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 6mm and -6mm, % <---
box/.style = {draw=#1, rounded corners, fill=#1!30}, % <---
arr/.style = {draw=red!80!black, ultra thick,
-{Latex[width=1pt 3,flex]} } % <---
]
\newcommand\B{\mathbf{B}} % <---
\node[box=cyan] (n1) % <---
{$
\begin{pNiceMatrix}[last-col=11]
x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & & & & & & & & \B_1 \\
& x_2 & x_3 & x_4 & & & & & & & \B_2 \\
& & x_3 & x_4 & x_5 & & & & & & \B_3 \\
& & & x_4 & x_5 & x_6 & & & & & \B_4 \\
& & & & x_5 & x_6 & x_7 & & & & \B_5 \\
& & & & & x_6 & x_7 & x_8 & & & \B_6 \\
& & & & & & x_7 & x_8 & x_9 & & \B_7 \\
& & & & & & & x_8 & x_9 & x_{10} & \B_8
\end{pNiceMatrix}
$};
\node[box=orange, below right=of n1] (n2) % <---
{$
\begin{pNiceMatrix}[last-col=11]
x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & & & & & & & & \B_1 \\
& x_2 & x_3 & x_4 & & & & & & & \B_2 \\
& & & x_4 & x_5 & x_6 & & & & & \B_3 \\
& & & & x_5 & x_6 & x_7 & & & & \B_4 \\
& & & & & & x_7 & x_8 & x_9 & & \B_5 \\
& & & & & & & x_8 & x_9 & x_{10} & \B_6
\end{pNiceMatrix}
$};
\path[arr] (n1.east) to[out=0,in=0, looseness=2] (n2.center); % <---
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
如您所见，MWE 引入了一些与主题无关的更改，在我看来，这些更改使 matric 图像更美观，代码更简短、更一致。与您的 MWE 相比，所有更改在代码中均以 标记% <---。
的定义B插入到`tikzpicture中，因此仅限于此图像。但是，您可以将此定义移动到文档前言中，然后在文档中的任何位置使用。
附录： 我不清楚节点之间的箭头有什么用途。所以我现在猜你可能喜欢下图所示的箭头：
上图的 MWE 为：
\documentclass[border=3.141592]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
bending,
positioning}
\usepackage{nicematrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 6mm and -6mm,
box/.style = {draw=#1, rounded corners, thick, fill=#1!15}, % <---
arr/.style = {draw=red!80!black,line width=2mm, shorten >=-0.5ex, % <---
-{Stealth[width=0pt 3,inset=0pt 1, flex]} } % <---
]
\newcommand\B{\mathbf{B}}
\node[box=cyan] (n1)
{$
\begin{pNiceMatrix}[last-col=11]
x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & & & & & & & & \B_1 \\
& x_2 & x_3 & x_4 & & & & & & & \B_2 \\
& & x_3 & x_4 & x_5 & & & & & & \B_3 \\
& & & x_4 & x_5 & x_6 & & & & & \B_4 \\
& & & & x_5 & x_6 & x_7 & & & & \B_5 \\
& & & & & x_6 & x_7 & x_8 & & & \B_6 \\
& & & & & & x_7 & x_8 & x_9 & & \B_7 \\
& & & & & & & x_8 & x_9 & x_{10} & \B_8
\end{pNiceMatrix}
$};
\node[box=orange, below right=of n1] (n2)
{$
\begin{pNiceMatrix}[last-col=11]
x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & & & & & & & & \B_1 \\
& x_2 & x_3 & x_4 & & & & & & & \B_2 \\
& & & x_4 & x_5 & x_6 & & & & & \B_3 \\
& & & & x_5 & x_6 & x_7 & & & & \B_4 \\
& & & & & & x_7 & x_8 & x_9 & & \B_5 \\
& & & & & & & x_8 & x_9 & x_{10} & \B_6
\end{pNiceMatrix}
$};
\scoped[opacity=0.3,transparency group] % <---
\path[arr] (n1.east) to[bend left=45] (n2.center); % <---
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
与上述 MWE 相比，所有变化在代码中均用 % <--- 标记
答案2
请清理您的前言，不要多次加载包（graphicx，animate和booktabs在此示例中未使用，booktabs并且nicematrix都加载了两次）。
此外，在这种情况下，remember picture您可能不需要这些选项。overlay
至于您的问题：只需覆盖其中一个节点的fill和选项即可设置另一种颜色：draw
\documentclass[border=1mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric,arrows}
\usepackage{nicematrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
expl/.style={draw=orange,fill=orange!30,rounded corners,text width=9cm},
arrow/.style={red!80!black,ultra thick,->,>=latex}
]
\node[expl, draw=cyan, fill=cyan!30] % <- add options here (or at the other node)
(rhootext)
at (5.5,-3.0cm)
{\[
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}
\begin{pNiceMatrix}[last-col = 12]
x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & & & & & & & & & \mathbf{B_1} \\
& x_2 & x_3 & x_4 & & & & & & & & \mathbf{B_2} \\
& & x_3 & x_4 & x_5 & & & & & & & \mathbf{B_3} \\
& & & x_4 & x_5 & x_6 & & & & & & \mathbf{B_4} \\
& & & & x_5 & x_6 & x_7 & & & & & \mathbf{B_5} \\
& & & & & x_6 & x_7 & x_8 & & & & \mathbf{B_6} \\
& & & & & & x_7 & x_8 & x_9 & & & \mathbf{B_7} \\
& & & & & & & x_8 & x_9 & x_{10} & & \mathbf{B_8}
\end{pNiceMatrix}
\]};
\node[expl]
(rhotext)
at (14.5,-8.8cm)
{\[
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}
\begin{pNiceMatrix}[last-col = 11]
x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & & & & & & & & \mathbf{B_1} \\
& x_2 & x_3 & x_4 & & & & & & & \mathbf{B_2} \\
& & & x_4 & x_5 & x_6 & & & & & \mathbf{B_3} \\
& & & & x_5 & x_6 & x_7 & & & & \mathbf{B_4} \\
& & & & & & x_7 & x_8 & x_9 & & \mathbf{B_5} \\
& & & & & & & x_8 & x_9 & x_{10} & \mathbf{B_6} \\
\end{pNiceMatrix}
\]};
\draw[arrow]
(rhootext.east) to[out=0,in=0]([yshift=0.5ex]{rhotext});
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
