在绘制圆形双距箭头时，我对箭头尖端的位置有疑问。问题似乎是是否使用了库弯曲。如果不是，则部分正确定位了尖端，但宽度选项存在问题（为什么要使用不同的宽度。这是行不通的）并且日历年 1 和 2 中的弧线不同。非常令人困惑，看不到解决方案。此外，我找不到一种方法将箭头中放置不当的文本装饰与箭头结合起来。这是可行的方法吗？我得到的都是语法错误。希望我能把这个想法说清楚：
- 正确形成带有尖端的箭头（应该可以打开和填充）。
- 所提及的箭头中的“基线”文本。
- 在添加的文本中使用附加图形，例如弯曲箭头（此处由 -----> 伪造）
任何可能完全不同的解决这个问题的想法都将非常感激！
\documentclass[]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{
% bending, % for arrows.
calc,
arrows.meta, % for the tip in skorpio
decorations,
decorations.pathreplacing,
decorations.pathmorphing,
decorations.text,
decorations.markings, % arrow tips on a circle
}
\usepackage[paperheight=160mm,
paperwidth=180mm,
top=5mm,
bottom=5mm,
left=5mm,
right=5mm,
%showframe
]{geometry}
\begin{document}
\def\radiustropy{35mm} % tropical year radius
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzset{shape ty/.style= {color = black!30,
draw,
%fill = yellow!30,
line width = 1pt,
inner xsep = 2.5cm,
inner ysep = 0.5cm},
}% end tikzset shape ty
\node[name=ty,shape=circle,shape ty] {Circle\vrule width 1pt height 2cm};
% to cover the edge of ty (future use)
\node[draw,blue,, line width=3mm,name=c,shape=circle,minimum size=\radiustropy*2-3mm] at (ty.center){};
%
%tropical year, full circle
\draw [->,draw=red!10!black!60!white,,
double distance=1ex,
line width=1pt,
-{Stealth[width=10pt,red!10!black!60!white,open,scale=1.0]}
% doesn't work % % arrows={Stealth[red!10!black!60!white,open,bend,scale=1.0]}
]%%
(0:\radiustropy) arc [start angle=0, end angle=360, radius=\radiustropy];
% text, long, up to halfcircle
\path%
[%
postaction={decorate,%
decoration={raise=-1pt,%
text along path, %
text format delimiters={[}{]},
text={[\tiny]A tropical year lasts 365 days, 5 hours 48 minutes und 45.2 seconds and begins and ends here -----------> [] },
text align={align=center}
}%
}%
]
(-\radiustropy,0) arc (180:0:\radiustropy);
\path [,postaction={decorate,decoration={raise=-3pt,text along path,%
text format delimiters={[}{]},
text={[\tiny]A tropical year lasts 365 days, 5 hours 48 minutes und 45.2 seconds [] },
%reverse path,
text align={align=}
}}](180:\radiustropy) arc (-180:0:\radiustropy);
% first calendar year
\draw [->,draw=red!30!black!40!white,
-{Stealth[red!30!black!40!white,open,scale=1.0]}
]%
(0,0) -- (350:\radiustropy+17); %
% help to set begin of second year
\node[inner sep=0,draw,blue,,name=bsy,circle,minimum size=.3pt]at(4.038,-0.713){};
\draw [->,draw=red!30!black!40!white,,
double distance=1.5ex,
line width=1pt,
-{Stealth[width=12pt,red!30!black!40!white,open,scale=1.0]}
]%%
(0:\radiustropy+2.5mm) arc [start angle=0, end angle=350, radius=\radiustropy+2.5mm];
% text, long, up to halfcircle
\draw%
[%
postaction={decorate,%
decoration={raise=-1.5pt,%
text along path, %
text format delimiters={[}{]},
text={[\tiny]A calendar year lasts 365 days [] },
%reverse path,
text align={align=center}
}%
}%
]
(-\radiustropy-2.5mm,0) arc (180:0:\radiustropy+2.5mm);
\draw [,postaction={decorate,decoration={raise=-1.5pt,text along path,%
text format delimiters={[}{]},
text={[\tiny]First calendar year, 5 hours 48 minutes und 45.2 seconds too less [] },
text align={align=}
}}](180:\radiustropy+2.5mm) arc (-180:0:\radiustropy+2.5mm);
% second calendar year
\draw [->,draw=red!60!black!20!white,
-{Stealth[red!60!black!40!white,open,scale=1.0]}
]%
(0,0) -- (340:\radiustropy+17);
\draw [->,draw=red!60!black!20!white,,
double distance=1.5ex,
line width=1pt,
-{Stealth[width=13pt,red!60!black!20!white,open,scale=1.0]}
]%%
%(4.038,-0.713)
(bsy) arc [start angle=-10, end angle=340, radius=\radiustropy+6mm];
% text, long, up to halfcircle
\draw%
[%
postaction={decorate,%
decoration={raise=-1.5pt,%
text along path, %
text format delimiters={[}{]},
text={[\tiny]Some comment about tje second year e.g. dec values of the hours [] },
%reverse path,
text align={align=center}
}%
}%
]
(-\radiustropy-6mm,0) arc (180:0:\radiustropy+6mm);
\draw [,postaction={decorate,decoration={raise=-1.5pt,text along path,%
text format delimiters={[}{]},
text={[\tiny]Second calendar year, 10 hours 96 minutes und 90.4 seconds too less [] },
%reverse path,
text align={align=}
}}](180:\radiustropy+6mm) arc (-180:0:\radiustropy+6mm);
% a grid
\draw[step=.1cm,gray!50!white,very thin] (0,-1) grid (5,5);
\draw[step=1cm,black!40!red, very thin,opacity=0.4] (0,-1) grid (5,5);
\foreach \x/\xtext in {0,4,5}
\draw (\x cm,1pt) -- (\x cm,-1pt) node[anchor=north] {\tiny$\xtext$};
\foreach \y/\ytext in {1,5}
\draw (1pt,\y cm) -- (-1pt,\y cm) node[anchor=east] {\tiny$\ytext$};
% end grid
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案1
没有你的专业知识我就能解决
- 圆弧的偏差，-消除
- 箭头中带有变音符号的文本（像 2 天 3 小时 4 分钟这样的 SI 单位不可能吗？）
- 箭头的正确定位（通过图片）
这个解决方案是一种基本方法，但通过手工操作可以满足要求。
母语：
\documentclass[]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{
% bending, % for arrows.
calc,
arrows.meta, % for the tip in skorpio
decorations,
decorations.pathreplacing,
decorations.pathmorphing,
decorations.text,
decorations.markings, % arrow tips on a circle
}
\usepackage[paperheight=160mm,
paperwidth=180mm,
top=5mm,
bottom=5mm,
left=5mm,
right=5mm,
%showframe
]{geometry}
%\input{/home/hj/latex/mwes/pics/arrowtip/inparrowtip.tex}
% def of an arrow tip
%\draw[yshift=-0.1,rotate=45,scale=0.5,blue,line width=0.1,fill=green] (0,0) -- (0.15,-0.4)
% -- (0,-0.3)
% -- (-0.15,-0.4) -- cycle
%;
\tikzset{pics/atip/%
.style n args={6}{
code={
\draw[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]
(0,0) -- (0.18,-0.45)
-- (0,-0.3)
-- (-0.18,-0.45) -- cycle
;
}%end code
},%end pic
}%end tikzset
\begin{document}
\def\radiustropy{35mm} % tropical year radius
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzset{shape ty/.style= {color = black!30,
draw,
%fill = yellow!30,
line width = 1pt,
inner xsep = 2.5cm,
inner ysep = 0.5cm},
}% end tikzset shape ty
\node[name=ty,shape=circle,shape ty] {Circle\vrule width 1pt height 2cm};
% to cover the edge of ty (future use)
\node[draw,blue,, line width=3mm,name=c,shape=circle,minimum size=\radiustropy*2-3mm] at (ty.center){};
%
%tropical year, full circle
%
% rotate=-6.1 atip1
\pic at (0:\radiustropy+0.75ex) {atip={yshift=-0.5}{rotate=-5}{scale=1.00}{black!75}{line width=0.4}{fill=white!100!black!75}};
% border of circled info text 1i
% start line
\draw[,black,line width=0.4,] (\radiustropy-0,0) -- (\radiustropy+1.5ex,0);
\draw[,black,line width=0.4,] (\radiustropy-0,0) arc (0:353:\radiustropy-0);
% border of circled info text 1a
\draw[,black,line width=0.4,] (\radiustropy+1.5ex,0) arc (0:354:\radiustropy+1.5ex);
\path%
[%
postaction={decorate,%
decoration={raise=1.35pt,%
text along path, %
text format delimiters={[}{]},
text={[\tiny]TJ1 u. KJ1 beginnen synchron [] },
%reverse path,
text align={align=center}
}%
}%
]
(-\radiustropy,0) arc (180:0:\radiustropy);
\path [,postaction={decorate,decoration={raise=-4.6pt,text along path,%
text format delimiters={[}{]},
text={[\tiny]KJ1 endet 5,8125 Std zu fr{\"u}h [] },
text align={align=}
}}](180:\radiustropy) arc (-180:0:\radiustropy);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% second calendar year
%
\draw [->,draw=red!30!black!40!white,
-{Stealth[red!30!black!40!white,open,scale=1.0]}
]%
(0,0) -- (350:\radiustropy+7mm); %
% help to set begin of second year
\draw [] (3.95,-0.695) -- (4.038,-0.713) -- (4.126,-0.73); %
\draw [->,draw=red!30!black!40!white,
-{Stealth[red!30!black!40!white,open,scale=1.0]}
]%
(0,0) -- (343:\radiustropy+5mm); %
% second year
\pic at (350:\radiustropy+6.0mm) {atip={yshift=-0.5}{rotate=-10.0}{scale=1.00}{black!75}{line width=0.4}{fill=white!100!black!75}};
% border of circled info text 2i
\draw[,black,line width=0.4,] (3.95,-0.695) arc (-10:344:\radiustropy+5mm);
% border of circled info text 2a
\draw[,black,line width=0.4,] (4.126,-0.73) arc (-10:345:\radiustropy+7.15mm);
\path%
[%
postaction={decorate,%
decoration={raise=0.00pt,%
text along path, %
text format delimiters={[}{]},
text={[\tiny]TJ1 u. KJ1 beguuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuinnen synchron [] },
%reverse path,
text align={align=center}
}%
}%
]
(-\radiustropy-5.5mm,0) arc (180:0:\radiustropy+5.5mm);
\path [,postaction={decorate,decoration={raise=-3.3pt,text along path,%
text format delimiters={[}{]},
text={[\tiny]KJ1 endet 10,8125 Std zu fr{\"u}h [] },
text align={align=}
}}](-\radiustropy-5.5mm,0) arc (-180:0:\radiustropy+5.5mm);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% third calendar year
\draw [->,draw=red!60!black!20!white,-{Stealth[red!60!black!40!white,open,scale=1.0]}]
(0,0) -- (340:\radiustropy+11.0mm);
% third year
\pic at (340:\radiustropy+11.0mm) {atip={yshift=-0.5}{rotate=-20.0}{scale=1.00}{black!75}{line width=0.4}{fill=white!100!black!75}};
% border of circled info text 3i
\draw[line width=0.4,] (340:\radiustropy+10mm) arc (-20:334.5:\radiustropy+10mm);
% border of circled info text 3a
\draw[line width=0.4,] (340:\radiustropy+12.25mm) arc (-20:335:\radiustropy+12.25mm);
\path%
[%
postaction={decorate,%
decoration={raise=-1.50pt,%
text along path, %
text format delimiters={[}{]},
text={[\tiny]KJ3 beguuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuinnen synchron [] },
%reverse path,
text align={align=center}
}%
}%
]
(-\radiustropy-11mm,0) arc (180:0:\radiustropy+11mm);
\path [,postaction={decorate,decoration={raise=-2.0pt,text along path,%
text format delimiters={[}{]},
text={[\tiny]KJ3 ca. 18 std diff to year 1 [] },
text align={align=}
}}](-\radiustropy-11mm,0) arc (-180:0:\radiustropy+11mm);
%start third year
\draw [] (340:\radiustropy+10mm) -- (340:\radiustropy+12.25mm);
% a grid
%\draw[step=.05cm,blue!50!white,very thin] (3,-1.5) grid (5,1.5);
\draw[step=.1cm,gray!50!white,very thin] (0,-1) grid (5,5);
\draw[step=1cm,black!40!red, very thin,opacity=0.4] (0,-1) grid (5,5);
\foreach \x/\xtext in {0,4,5}
\draw (\x cm,1pt) -- (\x cm,-1pt) node[anchor=north] {\tiny$\xtext$};
\foreach \y/\ytext in {1,5}
\draw (1pt,\y cm) -- (-1pt,\y cm) node[anchor=east] {\tiny$\ytext$};
% end grid
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
