与 pdflatex 相比，lualatex 中的数学字体发生了变化

Question

我正在尝试更新一个论文模板，我不仅要使用它pdflatex，还要使用它lualatex（主要是为了启用更大的 tikz 图形）。根据收到的评论Mathdesign 与 lualatex 一起使用时会在 siunitx 中更改 \mu-sign，但与 pdflatex 一起使用时不会更改我写了以下 MWE：

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,openright]{book}

\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}                     % selecting text color
\usepackage{pdfpages}                   % including pdf files

%% PACKAGE LOADING
\usepackage{ifluatex}
\ifluatex
\DeclareSymbolFont{charteraccents}{T1}{XCharter-TLF}{m}{n}
\SetSymbolFont{charteraccents}{bold}{T1}{XCharter-TLF}{b}{n}
\DeclareMathAccent{\grave}{\mathalpha}{charteraccents}{0}
\DeclareMathAccent{\acute}{\mathalpha}{charteraccents}{1}
\DeclareMathAccent{\hat}{\mathalpha}{charteraccents}{2}
\DeclareMathAccent{\tilde}{\mathalpha}{charteraccents}{3}
\DeclareMathAccent{\ddot}{\mathalpha}{charteraccents}{4}
\DeclareMathAccent{\mathring}{\mathalpha}{charteraccents}{6}
\DeclareMathAccent{\check}{\mathalpha}{charteraccents}{7}
\DeclareMathAccent{\breve}{\mathalpha}{charteraccents}{8}
\DeclareMathAccent{\bar}{\mathalpha}{charteraccents}{9}
\DeclareMathAccent{\dot}{\mathalpha}{charteraccents}{10}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[no-math]{fontspec}
\usepackage[xcharter]{newtxmath}

\setmainfont{XCharter}[NFSSFamily=XCharter]
\defaultfontfeatures{Ligatures={TeX}}
\setsansfont[Scale=.88]{DejaVuSans}
\setmonofont[Scale=.82]{DejaVuSansMono}
\setmathrm{XCharter}
\setboldmathrm{XCharter Bold}
\else
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}             % for special characters in input
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}                % modern font encoding
\usepackage[charter, cal=cmcal]{mathdesign} % main font with math support
\usepackage{XCharter}
\usepackage[scaled=.88]{berasans}       % sans serif font
\usepackage[scaled=.82]{DejaVuSansMono} % monospace font (for code)
\usepackage{amsmath}                    % advanced math typesetting
\fi
\usepackage[english]{babel}    % language specifics
\usepackage{siunitx}
 \begin{document}
    Hello World

    $100\text{ coins are 100 coins}$

    \SI{100}{\micro\meter} are 100 \textmu m

    100/\num{100}=1
 \end{document}

当使用 进行编译时pdflatex，我得到以下结果：

但是当用 进行编译时lualatex，我得到了稍微不同的结果：

数学字体明显有点不对。我该怎么做才能使 的结果lualatex至少与 相当（如果不相等）pdflatex？还有其他错误吗？

Answer 1

我对您的代码进行了一些调整（并删除了一些与示例无关的行）。我添加了注释，希望能解释清楚，但非常简短：i）加载包的顺序很重要；ii）使用newtxmathwith时fontspec，必须在加载之前加载折叠到 math 中的文本字体newtxmath；iii）fontspec 必须在之后newtxmath。我将加载的字体放在fontspec彩色中，这样就可以清楚地看到它们是什么。

还可以做更多的事情来将 lualatex 字体的比例与 pdftex 包相匹配，但这给出了一个初步的近似值。

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,openright]{book}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor} % selecting text color

\usepackage[english]{babel}% <== babel should be loaded before newtx
%\usepackage{ifluatex}% <== obsolete
\usepackage{iftex}% <== use this current version instead

\ifluatex
    %\usepackage{amsmath} <== newtx requires amsmath, need not load separately
    %
    % Load these to provide characters for math, prior to dealing with actual text fonts
    \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}%  math font encoding
    \renewcommand{\rmdefault}{XCharter-TLF}%   font family for \mathrm, numbers, \mathbf, \mathit
    \usepackage[scaled=.88]{berasans}% for \mathsf
    \usepackage[scaled=.82]{DejaVuSansMono} % monospace font for \mathtt
    %
    \usepackage[charter]{newtxmath}
    \usepackage[no-math]{fontspec}% load after newtxmath
    % 
    % Added colors so you can see which OTF fonts have loaded
    \setmainfont{XCharter}[
        NFSSFamily=XCharter,
        Color=teal,
        Extension = .otf,
        UprightFont = *-Roman,
        ItalicFont = *-Italic,
        BoldFont = *-Bold,
        BoldItalicFont = *-BoldItalic,%
    ]       
    %\defaultfontfeatures{Ligatures={TeX}}% <== this is the default setting of fontspec    
    \setsansfont[
        Scale=.88,
        Color=red, 
        Extension = .ttf, 
        UprightFont = *,
        ItalicFont = *-Oblique,
        BoldFont = *-Bold,
        BoldItalicFont = *-BoldOblique,%
        WordSpace = {0.75},% appears that word spacing is lower in the pdftex packages, but more adjustments could be done.
        ]{DejaVuSans}%
    \setmonofont[
        Scale=.82,% Scale=0.82 seems small, might 0.88 be better?
        Color=blue,
        Extension = .ttf, 
        UprightFont = *,
        ItalicFont = *-Oblique,
        BoldFont = *-Bold,
        BoldItalicFont = *-BoldOblique,%
        WordSpace = {0.75},
        ]{DejaVuSansMono}
\else
    \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}             % for special characters in input
    \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}                % modern font encoding
    \usepackage[scaled=.88]{berasans}       % sans serif font <== loading order matters
    \usepackage[scaled=.82]{DejaVuSansMono} % monospace font (for code) <== loading order matters
    \usepackage[charter, cal=cmcal]{mathdesign} % main font with math support
    \usepackage{XCharter}
    \usepackage{amsmath}                    % advanced math typesetting
\fi
\usepackage{siunitx}

\begin{document}
    Hello World. \textsf{Hello World.} \texttt{Hello World.}

    \textit{Hello World. \textsf{Hello World.} \texttt{Hello World.}}
    
    \textbf{Hello World. \textsf{Hello World.} \texttt{Hello World.}}
    
    \textbf{\textit{Hello World. \textsf{Hello World.} \texttt{Hello World.}}}

    $100\text{ coins are 100 coins}$  
    
    \SI{100}{\micro\meter} are 100 \textmu m

    100/\num{100}=1
    
    \[f(x) = A \sin x\cos x\, \]
    
    $\mathrm{100~m}\quad \mathbf{100~m}\quad \mathsf{100~m}\quad \mathtt{100~m}$
     
 \end{document}

在 pdflatex 下： 在 lualatex 下：