如何绘制多块框图？

Question

我喜欢使用Tikz编辑为了在 TikZ 中快速绘制我的图表，我的风格集中于先前定义节点，scope然后再用另一种方式scope定义所有连接。

作为一名控制工程师，我已经用创建了自己的样式，tikzset并尽可能多地重复使用它们。所以请不要为我的自定义样式而烦恼：addCross、mySimpleArrow和myBlockOpacity。我能给出的主要建议是创建灵活的命令（带参数）并定义默认样式。这比基本用法有了很大的改进。

请注意，我没有将标签移到您示例所显示的确切位置；我使用了我的addCross，您可以将其更改为在其他位置显示符号，或者只使用圆圈并手动移位符号。我也没有更改任何字体，因为我不知道您想使用哪种字体。您可以检查字体这里。

为了给出一些参数如何相互作用的一个很好的例子，我在代码中使用了颜色red 和。只需根据需要更改它们即可。purple

minimum height命令和也同样如此minimum width。更改它们以更好地适合您的文档。

为了并排开始和结束箭头，我使用[yshift=<measure>]了这个答案。

編輯註釋：我已更正e_2到块u_0后面Non-linear。复制图表时犯了错误。

MWE 如下：

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}

\tikzset{addCross/.style n args={6}{
    minimum size={#5 mm}, %minimum height=10mm,
    path picture={
      \draw[#6]
      (path picture bounding box.south east) -- (path picture bounding box.north west)
      (path picture bounding box.south west) -- (path picture bounding box.north east);
      \node at ($(path picture bounding box.south)!0.4!(path picture bounding box.center)$) {#1};
      \node at ($(path picture bounding box.west)!0.4!(path picture bounding box.center)$)  {#2};
      \node at ($(path picture bounding box.north)!0.4!(path picture bounding box.center)$) {#3};
      \node at ($(path picture bounding box.east)!0.4!(path picture bounding box.center)$)  {#4};
    }
  },
  addCross/.default={}{}{}{}{10}{}
}
\tikzset{mySimpleArrow/.style n args={2}{
    >={latex[#1]},
    every path/.style={draw=#2}
  },
  mySimpleArrow/.default={black}{black}
}
\tikzset{myBlockOpacity/.style n args={2}{
    every node/.style={rectangle,draw,
      minimum width=1cm, minimum height=1cm,
      text=black,
      fill opacity=#1, text opacity=#2}
  },
  myBlockOpacity/.default={0.4}{1}
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[very thick]
  \begin{scope}[blue]
    \node[circle,draw,addCross={$-$}{$+$}{}{}{10}{red}] (S1) at (-2,2) {};
    \node[circle,draw,addCross={$-$}{$+$}{}{}{10}{blue}] (S2) at (-0.5,1) {};
    \node[circle,draw,addCross={$-$}{$+$}{}{}{10}{purple}] (S3) at (5.5,1.5) {};
  \end{scope}
  
  \begin{scope}[myBlockOpacity, rounded corners, align=center]
    \node[fill=orange, minimum height=80pt, minimum width=60pt] (T) at (-5.5,1.5) 
    {Transient \\Profile \\Generator};
    \node[fill=blue] (P) at (10.5,1.5) {Plant};
    \node[fill=green, minimum height=80pt] (N) at (2.5,1.5)
    {Non-linear \\ State Error \\Feedback};
    \node[fill=yellow, minimum height=80pt] (E) at (7,-2)
    {Extended \\ State \\Observer};
  \end{scope}
  
  \begin{scope}[blue,mySimpleArrow={blue}{blue}]
    \path[->] (-7.5,1.5) node[above]{$r$} -- (T);
    
    \path[->] ([yshift=5mm] T.east) -- (S1) node[above, midway]{$r_1$};
    \path[->] ([yshift=-5mm] T.east) -- (S2) node[above, midway]{$r_2$};
    
    \path[->] (S1) -- ([yshift=5mm] N.west) node[midway, above] {$e_1$};
    \path[->] (S2) -- ([yshift=-5mm] N.west) node[midway, above] {$e_2$};
    
    \path[->] (N) -- (S3) node[midway, below] {$u_0$};
    \path[->] (S3) -- ++(3,0) coordinate(u) -- (P);
    \path[->] (u) |- ([yshift=10pt]E.east) node[above right, midway]{$u$};
    
    \path[->] (P) -- ++(1,0) coordinate(y) |- ([yshift=-10pt]E.east);
    \path[->] (y) -- ++(1,0) node[above]{$y$};
    
    \path[->,red] ([yshift=-20pt] E.west) -| (S1) node[above right, midway]{$z_1$};
    \path[->] (E) -| (S2) node[above right, midway]{$z_2$};
    \path[->,purple] ([yshift=20pt] E.west) -| (S3) node[above right, midway]{$z_3$};
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 1