这里有很多问题涉及这个问题，但没有一个能解决我的问题。我不知道为什么要浏览这么多网站和文档。
我正在处理一篇论文中的这张表格，但似乎无法将其调整到应有的样子。文本应该位于表格上方和下方，而不是表格之间。表格应该位于 1 列（整页）内，而不会影响其余文本。它甚至无法与table*环境配合使用。
梅威瑟：
\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[shortlabels]{enumitem}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\small
\setlength\LTleft{0pt}
\setlength\LTright{0pt}
\lipsum[1]
\begin{table}[h!]
\centering
\caption{Comparison of some unique works in IoT Transportation}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{p{2cm}p{1cm}p{3cm}p{1cm}p{3cm}p{4cm}}
\hline
\textbf{Author}
& \textbf{Year }
& \textbf{Mainly focusing problem/area}
& \textbf{Layers}
& \textbf{Main points}
& \textbf{Shortcomings} \\
\hline
Al-Ali [21]
&2021
&Architecture for ‘short-range’ travel
&4
&Designing and linking with Software application
&Subject-specific \\
\hline
Minal Patel [26]
&2021
&Dashboard for Smart Cities
&4
&Focusing on data flow and control
& N/A \\
\hline
Sruthy Anand [24]
&2021
&Generalized structure
&4
&N/A
&Requires to be redesigned according to necessity \\
\hline
BP Raj [20]
&2020
&Everyday traffic
&3
&Route optimization to reduce pollution
&Not practically scalable \\
\hline
Muhmmad Derawi [28]
&2020
&Focuses on V2I communications
&N/A
&Integration based on COMLIGHT, IQRF \& Telenor
&Prone to situations enabling more accidents \\
\hline
Nagarjuna G R [22]
&2020
&Designed specifically for fire brigades \& ambulances
& 6
&Practically hardware demonstrated
&Applicable to rather simple traffic junctions \\
\hline
Yi-Yun Chu [23]
&2020
&Smart parking
&N/A
&Different hardware for different parking applications
&Not practically implemented \\
\hline
Jin-ho Park [27]
&2019
&Scalability and flexibility in cognitive computing in smart city applications
&5
&DL incorporated to facilitate “unstructured” data
&Unsecured sensor nodes \\
\hline
Umar Ali [19]
&2019
&Enhanced control and flow of data
&4
&N/A
&Not very much flexible \\
\hline
Hamed Rahimi [25]
&2018
&Incorporating 11 technologies to solve multiple problems
&8
&Num of layers selected according to technologies
&Too complex to practically implement and manage\\
\hline
Nallapaneni [1]
&2017
&Survey on use of IoTs in Transportation
& N/A
&Monitoring vehicles using sensor nodes
& N/A \\
\hline
S. H. Sutar [3]
&2016
&Dynamic route assignment to buses
& N/A
&Management of fuel consumption
& N/A \\
\hline
D. Kyriazis [2]
&2013
&Using Street lights as IoTs
&3
&Energy conservation
&Theoretical level implementation required \\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\lipsum[1]
\lipsum[1]
\lipsum[1]
\lipsum[1]
\end{document}
我正在寻找一种类似于分布在整个页面而不会破坏文本的格式：
另外，有人能推荐一些表格修改，让表格看起来比现在更好吗？我也一直在尝试改变它，但无果而终。例如，缩小“年份”列（使其紧凑且易读），在每个单元格中水平和垂直对齐文本，就像 Word 所做的那样；或者任何其他更改。
谢谢。
答案1
为了使表格看起来更好，您可以删除大部分水平线。您也可以使用命令加宽行之间的间隔arraystrech。在下面的例子中，我使用了tabularray包裹默认情况下，它会在行周围插入更多间隙。此包还有许多其他好处。
\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs}
\begin{document}
\small
\lipsum[1]
\begin{table*}
\centering
\caption{Comparison of some unique works in IoT Transportation}
\begin{tblr}{
width = {\textwidth},
colspec = {@{}X[l, 0.5]cX[l]cX[l]X[0.75,l]@{}},
rows = {m}, % centers all of the rows vertically
row{1} = {c,font=\bfseries} %centers the 1st row horizontally and makes the font bold
}
\toprule
Author
& Year
& Mainly focusing problem/area
& Layers
& Main points
& Shortcomings \\
\midrule
Al-Ali [21]
&2021
&Architecture for ‘short-range’ travel
&4
&Designing and linking with Software application
&Subject-specific \\
Minal Patel [26]
&2021
&Dashboard for Smart Cities
&4
&Focusing on data flow and control
& N/A \\
Sruthy Anand [24]
&2021
&Generalized structure
&4
&N/A
&Requires to be redesigned according to necessity \\
BP Raj [20]
&2020
&Everyday traffic
&3
&Route optimization to reduce pollution
&Not practically scalable \\
Muhmmad Derawi [28]
&2020
&Focuses on V2I communications
&N/A
&Integration based on COMLIGHT, IQRF \& Telenor
&Prone to situations enabling more accidents \\
Nagarjuna G R [22]
&2020
&Designed specifically for fire brigades \& ambulances
& 6
&Practically hardware demonstrated
&Applicable to rather simple traffic junctions \\
Yi-Yun Chu [23]
&2020
&Smart parking
&N/A
&Different hardware for different parking applications
&Not practically implemented \\
Jin-ho Park [27]
&2019
&Scalability and flexibility in cognitive computing in smart city applications
&5
&DL incorporated to facilitate “unstructured” data
&Unsecured sensor nodes \\
Umar Ali [19]
&2019
&Enhanced control and flow of data
&4
&N/A
&Not very much flexible \\
Hamed Rahimi [25]
&2018
&Incorporating 11 technologies to solve multiple problems
&8
&Num of layers selected according to technologies
&Too complex to practically implement and manage\\
Nallapaneni [1]
&2017
&Survey on use of IoTs in Transportation
& N/A
&Monitoring vehicles using sensor nodes
& N/A \\
S. H. Sutar [3]
&2016
&Dynamic route assignment to buses
& N/A
&Management of fuel consumption
& N/A \\
D. Kyriazis [2]
&2013
&Using Street lights as IoTs
&3
&Energy conservation
&Theoretical level implementation required \\
\bottomrule
\end{tblr}
\end{table*}
\lipsum[1-5]
\end{document}
我也稍微改变了一下列类型。
现在，如果您确实想在第一页放置双列表格，则可以删除浮动 ( table) 环境，并使用环境talltblr（可以使用此环境插入标题）和strip来自cuted包裹（图片来源：这个答案)（尽管我不确定 IEEE 是否更喜欢在第一页放置双列表格）。
\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{cuted}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs}
\begin{document}
\small
\lipsum[1]
% \begin{table*}
% \centering
% \caption{Comparison of some unique works in IoT Transportation}
\begin{strip}
\centering
\begin{talltblr}[
caption = {Comparison of some unique works in IoT Transportation}
]{
width = {\textwidth},
colspec = {@{}X[l, 0.5]cX[l]cX[l]X[0.75,l]@{}},
rows = {m},
row{1} = {c,font=\bfseries}
}
\toprule
Author
& Year
& Mainly focusing problem/area
& Layers
& Main points
& Shortcomings \\
\midrule
Al-Ali [21]
&2021
&Architecture for ‘short-range’ travel
&4
&Designing and linking with Software application
&Subject-specific \\
Minal Patel [26]
&2021
&Dashboard for Smart Cities
&4
&Focusing on data flow and control
& N/A \\
Sruthy Anand [24]
&2021
&Generalized structure
&4
&N/A
&Requires to be redesigned according to necessity \\
BP Raj [20]
&2020
&Everyday traffic
&3
&Route optimization to reduce pollution
&Not practically scalable \\
Muhmmad Derawi [28]
&2020
&Focuses on V2I communications
&N/A
&Integration based on COMLIGHT, IQRF \& Telenor
&Prone to situations enabling more accidents \\
Nagarjuna G R [22]
&2020
&Designed specifically for fire brigades \& ambulances
& 6
&Practically hardware demonstrated
&Applicable to rather simple traffic junctions \\
Yi-Yun Chu [23]
&2020
&Smart parking
&N/A
&Different hardware for different parking applications
&Not practically implemented \\
Jin-ho Park [27]
&2019
&Scalability and flexibility in cognitive computing in smart city applications
&5
&DL incorporated to facilitate “unstructured” data
&Unsecured sensor nodes \\
Umar Ali [19]
&2019
&Enhanced control and flow of data
&4
&N/A
&Not very much flexible \\
Hamed Rahimi [25]
&2018
&Incorporating 11 technologies to solve multiple problems
&8
&Num of layers selected according to technologies
&Too complex to practically implement and manage\\
Nallapaneni [1]
&2017
&Survey on use of IoTs in Transportation
& N/A
&Monitoring vehicles using sensor nodes
& N/A \\
S. H. Sutar [3]
&2016
&Dynamic route assignment to buses
& N/A
&Management of fuel consumption
& N/A \\
D. Kyriazis [2]
&2013
&Using Street lights as IoTs
&3
&Energy conservation
&Theoretical level implementation required \\
\bottomrule
\end{talltblr}
\end{strip}
\lipsum[1-4]
\end{document}
请注意 strip 环境如何改变表格前文本的位置。因此，在提交给会议的情况下，此解决方案可能不可接受。
答案2
使用包cuted插入tabularx两列宽的材料（像您的一样，没有任何更改）。
由于显然无法支持浮点数，因此您必须使用\captionof而不是 插入标题\caption。
\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[shortlabels]{enumitem}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{cuted} % added (strip) <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
\usepackage{caption} % added (captionof) <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
\begin{document}
\small
\setlength\LTleft{0pt}
\setlength\LTright{0pt}
\lipsum[1]
\begin{strip} % added <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
% \begin{table}[h!]
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.8}% expand the cell (optional) <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
%\centering
\captionof{table}{Comparison of some unique works in IoT Transportation}% changed
\smallskip
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{p{2cm}p{1cm}p{3cm}p{1cm}p{3cm}p{4cm}}
\hline
\textbf{Author}
& \textbf{Year }
& \textbf{Mainly focusing problem/area}
& \textbf{Layers}
& \textbf{Main points}
& \textbf{Shortcomings} \\
\hline
Al-Ali [21]
&2021
&Architecture for ‘short-range’ travel
&4
&Designing and linking with Software application
&Subject-specific \\
\hline
Minal Patel [26]
&2021
&Dashboard for Smart Cities
&4
&Focusing on data flow and control
& N/A \\
\hline
Sruthy Anand [24]
&2021
&Generalized structure
&4
&N/A
&Requires to be redesigned according to necessity \\
\hline
BP Raj [20]
&2020
&Everyday traffic
&3
&Route optimization to reduce pollution
&Not practically scalable \\
\hline
Muhmmad Derawi [28]
&2020
&Focuses on V2I communications
&N/A
&Integration based on COMLIGHT, IQRF \& Telenor
&Prone to situations enabling more accidents \\
\hline
Nagarjuna G R [22]
&2020
&Designed specifically for fire brigades \& ambulances
& 6
&Practically hardware demonstrated
&Applicable to rather simple traffic junctions \\
\hline
Yi-Yun Chu [23]
&2020
&Smart parking
&N/A
&Different hardware for different parking applications
&Not practically implemented \\
\hline
Jin-ho Park [27]
&2019
&Scalability and flexibility in cognitive computing in smart city applications
&5
&DL incorporated to facilitate “unstructured” data
&Unsecured sensor nodes \\
\hline
Umar Ali [19]
&2019
&Enhanced control and flow of data
&4
&N/A
&Not very much flexible \\
\hline
Hamed Rahimi [25]
&2018
&Incorporating 11 technologies to solve multiple problems
&8
&Num of layers selected according to technologies
&Too complex to practically implement and manage\\
\hline
Nallapaneni [1]
&2017
&Survey on use of IoTs in Transportation
& N/A
&Monitoring vehicles using sensor nodes
& N/A \\
\hline
S. H. Sutar [3]
&2016
&Dynamic route assignment to buses
& N/A
&Management of fuel consumption
& N/A \\
\hline
D. Kyriazis [2]
&2013
&Using Street lights as IoTs
&3
&Energy conservation
&Theoretical level implementation required \\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
% \end{table}
\end{strip}
\lipsum[1]
\lipsum[1]
\lipsum[1]
\lipsum[1]
\end{document}