如何在 TiKz 中使边缘相互“隐藏”？

Question

在这个有向图中，我想让向下的“b”边“塞在”向上的“b”边后面。

类似的做法是，在“b”边相交处创建一个顶点，并将其填充为白色，但将其放在向上的“b”边后面。外观基本上是在向下的“b”边即将与另一个“b”边相交的地方出现一个小裂口。

有没有简单的方法可以实现这一点？

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

\begin{scope}[every node/.style={fill=black,circle,thin,draw}]
\node (a1) at  (2,2) {};
\node (a2) at  (4,2) {};
\node (a3) at  (6,2) {};
\node (a4) at  (8,2) {};
\node (a5) at  (10,2) {};
\node (a6) at  (12,2) {};

\node (b1) at  (2,8) {};
\node (b2) at  (4,8) {};
\node (b3) at  (6,8) {};
\node (b4) at  (8,8) {};
\node (b5) at  (10,8) {};
\node (b6) at  (12,8) {};
\end{scope}]

\begin{scope}[every node/.style={draw=none}]
\node (a0) at  (0,2) {};
\node (b0) at  (0,8) {};
\node (a7) at  (14,2) {};
\node (b7) at  (14,8) {};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[>={Stealth[black]},
              every node/.style={fill=white,circle},
              every edge/.style={draw=black}]
    \path [->] (a1) edge node {$a$} (a2);
    \path [->] (a2) edge (a3);
    \path [->] (a3) edge  (a4);
    \path [->] (a4) edge  (a5);
    \path [->] (a5) edge  (a6);
    \path [->] (b1) edge node {$a$}  (b2);
    \path [->] (b2) edge (b3);
    \path [->] (b3) edge (b4);
    \path [->] (b4) edge  (b5);
    \path [->] (b5) edge  (b6);
    \path [->>] (a1) edge node {$b$}  (b2);
    \path [->>] (a2) edge (b3);
    \path [->>] (a3) edge (b4);
    \path [->>] (a4) edge  (b5);
    \path [->>] (a5) edge  (b6);  
    \path [->>] (b1) edge (a3);
    \path [->>] (b2) edge  (a4);
    \path [->>] (b3) edge  (a5);
    \path [->>] (b4) edge node {$b$}   (a6);
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[>={Stealth[black]},
              every edge/.style={draw=black}]
    \path (a0) edge [dashed] node {} (a1);
    \path (b0) edge [dashed] node {} (b1);
    \path (a6) edge [dashed] node {} (a7);
    \path (b6) edge [dashed] node {} (b7);  
    \path (a0) edge [dashed] node {} (b1);
    \path (a6) edge [dashed] node {} (b7);   
    \path (b0) edge [dashed] node {} (a2);   
    \path (b5) edge [dashed] node {} (a7);
 \end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 1

tikz-cd这可以通过使用来完成crossing over。

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tikz-cd}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzcd}[cells={nodes={fill, circle, inner sep=.7mm}}, row sep=3cm, >={stealth}]
|[fill=none]|\arrow[r,dashed,-] \arrow[drr,dashed,-]
     & ||\arrow[r,->, "a" description] \arrow[drr,->>]
     & ||\arrow[r,->] \arrow[drr,->>]
     & ||\arrow[r,->] \arrow[drr,->>]
     & ||\arrow[r,->] \arrow[drr,->>,"b" description]
     & ||\arrow[r,->] \arrow[drr,dashed,-]
     & ||\arrow[r,dashed,-] 
     & |[fill=none]|\\
|[fill=none]|\arrow[r,dashed,-] \arrow[ur,dashed,-,crossing over]
    & ||\arrow[r,->, "a" description] \arrow[ur,->>,crossing over,"b" description]
    & ||\arrow[r,->] \arrow[ur,->>,crossing over]
    & ||\arrow[r,->] \arrow[ur,->>,crossing over]
    & ||\arrow[r,->] \arrow[ur,->>,crossing over]
    & ||\arrow[r,->] \arrow[ur,->>,crossing over]
    & ||\arrow[r,dashed,-] \arrow[ur,dashed,-,crossing over]
    & |[fill=none]|
\end{tikzcd}

\end{document}

Answer 2

我提出这个pstricks解决方案：

\documentclass[pstricks, border=6pt]{standalone}AS
\usepackage{pst-node, multido}

\begin{document}

    \begin{pspicture}(0,1)(14,8.5) 
    \psset{linejoin=1, arrowinset=0.1, dotscale=2}
    \multido{\i=1+1, \I=2+2}{6}{\dotnode(\I,2){a\i}\dotnode(\I, 8){b\i}}
    \pnodes(0,2){a0}(0,8){b0}(14,2){a7}(14,8){b7}
    \psset{arrows=->}
    \ncline{a1}{a2}\ncput*{$a$}
    \ncline{b1}{b2}\ncput*{$a$}
    \ncline[linewidth=0pt]{a1}{b2}\ncput*{$b$}
    \multido{\i=2+1,\I=3+1}{4}{\ncline{a\i}{a\I}\ncline{b\i}{b\I}}%
    \foreach \s/\t in {b1/a3, b2/a4, b3/a5, b4/a6}{\ncline{->>}{\s}{\t}} \ncput*{$b$}
    \foreach \s/\t in {a2/b3, a3/b4, a4/b5, a5/b6, a1/b2}{\ncline[border=2pt]{->>}{\s}{\t}} \ncput*{$b$}
    \psset{linestyle=dashed, arrows=-}
    \psline(b1)(b0)(a2)\psline(a1)(a0)(b1)
    \psline(b6)(b7)(a6)\psline(a6)(a7)(b5)
    \end{pspicture}

\end{document}