METAPOST 中使用 btex 和 etex 的乳胶标签存在问题

METAPOST 中使用 btex 和 etex 的乳胶标签存在问题

以下简单的 METAPOST 代码无法编译,并且会出现错误:

verbatimtex
%&latex
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
etex
beginfig(1);
z0 = (0,0); z1 = (sqrt(3)*cm,0);
z2 = (sqrt(3)*cm,1cm);
draw z0--z1--z2--cycle;
label.bot(btex $w$ etex, 1/2[z0,z1]);
endfig;
end;

日志文件指出:

This is MetaPost, version 2.01 (MiKTeX 22.3)  14 APR 2022 17:40
Sample.mp Preloading the plain mem file, version 1.005) (./Sample.mp
>> Sample.mp
>> Sample.mpx
! ! Unable to read mpx file.
l.10 label.bot(btex
                $w$ etex, 1/2[z0,z1]);
The two files given above are one of your source files
and an auxiliary file I need to read to find out what your
btex..etex blocks mean. If you don't know why I had trouble,
try running it manually through MPtoTeX, TeX, and DVItoMP

mpxerr 文件指出:

This is mikTeX, Version 3.141592653 (MiKTeX 22.3) (preloaded format=tex 2022.4.14)  14 APR 
2022 
17:38
restricted \write18 enabled.
%&-line parsing enabled.
**./mp8HtMK1.tex
(mp8HtMK1.tex
! Undefined control sequence.
l.2 \documentclass
              {article}
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.

! Undefined control sequence.
l.3 \begin
      {document}
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.

[1] [1] )
Output written on mp8HtMK1.dvi (2 pages, 340 bytes).

我感到很困惑。我反复检查了代码,似乎是正确的。编译时它调用了正确的可执行文件(即 mpost.exe、latex.exe)发生了什么?

我已阅读了论坛中的相关问题,并尝试实施建议的解决方案。但没有任何效果。

答案1

由于现在是 2022 年,因此真的没有必要%&latex再使用 Metapost 的古董调用。旧文档和示例确实都需要更新。

您有两个选择:

首先,如果您只是想尝试普通版本mpost,而并不真正关心与任何复杂的 LaTeX 格式的集成,那么请替换您的前言,使您的 MP 文件如下所示:

prologues := 3;
outputtemplate := "%j%c.%{outputformat}";
beginfig(1);
z0 = (0,0); z1 = (sqrt(3)*cm,0);
z2 = (sqrt(3)*cm,1cm);
draw z0--z1--z2--cycle;
label.bot(btex $w$ etex, 1/2[z0,z1]);
endfig;
end;

如果您使用它进行编译,mpost现在将在具有扩展名的文件中创建封装的 PostScript 格式的输出,您可以使用任何 PostScript 查看器查看它,或者使用或类似工具.eps将其转换为 PDF 。epstopdf

另一方面,如果您希望以更现代的风格使用 MP,并在需要时使用所有有用的 LaTeX 格式,那么请切换到使用lualatexluamplib包。像这样:

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\begin{document}
\begin{mplibcode}
beginfig(1);
z0 = (0,0); z1 = (sqrt(3)*cm,0);
z2 = (sqrt(3)*cm,1cm);
draw z0--z1--z2--cycle;
label.bot(btex $w$ etex, 1/2[z0,z1]);
endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}

编译它以lualatex直接生成 PDF 文件。

实际上,标签有一个智能选项,可以让您完全摆脱繁琐的btex ... etex机制。查看 mplib textext 选项...

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\begin{document}
\mplibtextextlabel{enable} % <---- extra option
\begin{mplibcode}
beginfig(1);
z0 = (0,0); z1 = (sqrt(3)*cm,0);
z2 = (sqrt(3)*cm,1cm);
draw z0--z1--z2--cycle;
label.bot("$w$", 1/2[z0,z1]);
endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}

编译此文件lualatex可获得如下 PDF:

在此处输入图片描述

您可以阅读(稀疏)文档luamplib 这里

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