更新

Question 1

你可能想看看pgfplots 包对于曲线。

我实际上不太了解这个软件包或使用它；我既不是数学家，也不是数学老师，也不是熟练的 pgf/tikz 用户。我刚刚看到你的帖子，觉得尝试一下会很有趣。这是我的业余尝试，希望对你有用。

对此有更深了解的人可能会弄清楚如何使用来正确放置虚线\foreach，但没关系。而且我尝试的其他部分也有点黑客化。可能是一种更简单的方法。


\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}

% for the curve figure
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,calc}

% for the table and the problem numbers
\usepackage{multirow,array}
\usepackage{enumitem}

% needed to plot the curve
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{gauss}{3}{%
  \pgfmathparse{1/(#3*sqrt(2*pi))*exp(-((#1-#2)^2)/(2*#3^2))}%
}

% a counter to use for the problem numbers
% I start at 31 just to match your sample
\newcounter{mycounter}
\setcounter{mycounter}{31}


\begin{document}

\sffamily% sans serif font; not necessary
\raggedright% don't just full justification, also not necessary
\noindent\begin{tabular}{% begin the table
    |p{0.5\textwidth}|% first column is that width with vertical bars
    >{\refstepcounter{mycounter}% before the second column we up the counter
    \begin{enumerate}[nolistsep,leftmargin=1.5em,% then start a list
        label=\textbf{\arabic*.},start=\value{mycounter}%
    ]\item}% then insert an item for the list
    p{0.4\textwidth}% second column is this width
    <{\end{enumerate}}% end the list at end of column
    @{\qquad}|} % put some space on right of right column
    \hline % horizontal line
    \multicolumn{2}{|l|}{% first cell takes up two columns
        \vphantom{\rule{1pt}{10pt}}\textbf{% add a little padding to top
        Label the normal distribution curve, then
        answer the questions that follow.}}  \\ \hline
    \multirow{3}{8cm}{% this is the big cell

\smallskip\centering % some space at top, make centered

The ages of the 32 recruits in police academy are normally
distributed with a mean of 27 with a standard deviation of 2.

\smallskip % a little space
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    domain=21.5:32.5,% x value range
    range=0:0.20,% y value range
    height=5cm,
    width=10cm,
    hide x axis,% no axes
    hide y axis
]%
% the curve itself
\addplot [very thick] {gauss(x,27,2)};
% line at bottom
\draw [thick] (axis cs:21.5,0) -- (axis cs:32.5,0);
% dashed lines up to curve; I'm sure this can be done a better way
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueMid{gauss(27,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:27,0) -- (axis cs:27,\valueMid);
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueLI{gauss(25.8,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:25.8,0) -- (axis cs:25.8,\valueLI);
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueLM{gauss(24.6,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:24.6,0) -- (axis cs:24.6,\valueLM);
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueLO{gauss(23.4,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:23.4,0) -- (axis cs:23.4,\valueLO);
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueRI{gauss(28.2,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:28.2,0) -- (axis cs:28.2,\valueRI);
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueRM{gauss(29.4,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:29.4,0) -- (axis cs:29.4,\valueRM);
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueRO{gauss(30.6,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:30.6,0) -- (axis cs:30.6,\valueRO);
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}} &
What percent of the recruits are between ages 23 and 27?
\bigskip % put space underneath questions
\\\cline{2-2} % draw horizontal line only in second column
 &
What is the probability that a recruit is at least 31 years old?
\bigskip
\\ \cline{2-2}
 & 
Approximately how many recruits are at most 29 years old?
\bigskip
 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}

\end{document}

Answer

你可能想看看pgfplots 包对于曲线。

我实际上不太了解这个软件包或使用它；我既不是数学家，也不是数学老师，也不是熟练的 pgf/tikz 用户。我刚刚看到你的帖子，觉得尝试一下会很有趣。这是我的业余尝试，希望对你有用。

对此有更深了解的人可能会弄清楚如何使用来正确放置虚线\foreach，但没关系。而且我尝试的其他部分也有点黑客化。可能是一种更简单的方法。

这些被公然盗取的来自这个相关问题的答案和来自这个不同的问题。


\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}

% for the curve figure
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,calc}

% for the table and the problem numbers
\usepackage{multirow,array}
\usepackage{enumitem}

% needed to plot the curve
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{gauss}{3}{%
  \pgfmathparse{1/(#3*sqrt(2*pi))*exp(-((#1-#2)^2)/(2*#3^2))}%
}

% a counter to use for the problem numbers
% I start at 31 just to match your sample
\newcounter{mycounter}
\setcounter{mycounter}{31}


\begin{document}

\sffamily% sans serif font; not necessary
\raggedright% don't just full justification, also not necessary
\noindent\begin{tabular}{% begin the table
    |p{0.5\textwidth}|% first column is that width with vertical bars
    >{\refstepcounter{mycounter}% before the second column we up the counter
    \begin{enumerate}[nolistsep,leftmargin=1.5em,% then start a list
        label=\textbf{\arabic*.},start=\value{mycounter}%
    ]\item}% then insert an item for the list
    p{0.4\textwidth}% second column is this width
    <{\end{enumerate}}% end the list at end of column
    @{\qquad}|} % put some space on right of right column
    \hline % horizontal line
    \multicolumn{2}{|l|}{% first cell takes up two columns
        \vphantom{\rule{1pt}{10pt}}\textbf{% add a little padding to top
        Label the normal distribution curve, then
        answer the questions that follow.}}  \\ \hline
    \multirow{3}{8cm}{% this is the big cell

\smallskip\centering % some space at top, make centered

The ages of the 32 recruits in police academy are normally
distributed with a mean of 27 with a standard deviation of 2.

\smallskip % a little space
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    domain=21.5:32.5,% x value range
    range=0:0.20,% y value range
    height=5cm,
    width=10cm,
    hide x axis,% no axes
    hide y axis
]%
% the curve itself
\addplot [very thick] {gauss(x,27,2)};
% line at bottom
\draw [thick] (axis cs:21.5,0) -- (axis cs:32.5,0);
% dashed lines up to curve; I'm sure this can be done a better way
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueMid{gauss(27,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:27,0) -- (axis cs:27,\valueMid);
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueLI{gauss(25.8,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:25.8,0) -- (axis cs:25.8,\valueLI);
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueLM{gauss(24.6,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:24.6,0) -- (axis cs:24.6,\valueLM);
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueLO{gauss(23.4,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:23.4,0) -- (axis cs:23.4,\valueLO);
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueRI{gauss(28.2,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:28.2,0) -- (axis cs:28.2,\valueRI);
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueRM{gauss(29.4,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:29.4,0) -- (axis cs:29.4,\valueRM);
\pgfmathsetmacro\valueRO{gauss(30.6,27,2)}
\draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:30.6,0) -- (axis cs:30.6,\valueRO);
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}} &
What percent of the recruits are between ages 23 and 27?
\bigskip % put space underneath questions
\\\cline{2-2} % draw horizontal line only in second column
 &
What is the probability that a recruit is at least 31 years old?
\bigskip
\\ \cline{2-2}
 & 
Approximately how many recruits are at most 29 years old?
\bigskip
 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}

\end{document}

Question 2

欢迎来到 tex.stackexchange！我在这里介绍几个选项：

\begin{myquestion}...\quess...\end{myquestion}

和

\begin{myquestionalt}...\quess...\end{myquestionalt}

第一种使用 Ti钾Z，而第二个使用tabular。在这两种情况下，图形框架（左侧）中的材料几乎由您决定 - 只要合适，您可以将任何东西放进去。之后的任何内容\quess（最多\end{...}都是一个枚举列表，每行以开头\item。我在代码中包含了示例。

我主要关心的是让输入问题变得简单，这相当容易。代码已注释，但如果有任何问题，总是可以调整的……

更新

我在环境中添加了一个选项来改变问题的宽度。

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[]{geometry}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usepackage{tikz}%% For myquestion
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{keyval}

\usetikzlibrary{calc,shapes.multipart,positioning,trees,snakes}%% For myquestion

%% Store material for the left and right frames:
\newsavebox\figbox
\newsavebox\quebox

\newcounter{quenum}
\newlength{\qsep}
\newlength{\qwidth}
\setlength{\qsep}{0.25in}%% <<< Set as default spacing between questions>>>
\setlength{\qwidth}{4in}%% <<<Set to the desired defaultzz width>>>

%% |=====8><-----| %%

\makeatletter
\define@key{ques}{qsep}{\setlength{\qsep}{#1}}
\define@key{ques}{qwidth}{\setlength{\qwidth}{#1}}
\makeatother

%% |=====8><-----| %% Uses TikZ and shapes.multipart

\NewDocumentEnvironment{myquestion}{O{}m}{%
    \setkeys{ques}{#1}
    \stepcounter{quenum}
    \begin{lrbox}{\figbox}
        \begin{minipage}[t]{\dimexpr0.5\qwidth-12pt\relax}%% to fit \qwidth
}{%
            \end{enumerate}
            \vspace{\qsep}
        \end{minipage}
    \end{lrbox}
    \noindent
    \tikz{%
        \node[rectangle split,rectangle split parts=2,rectangle split part align=left,draw] (Q) {%
            \nodepart{one}\parbox{\dimexpr\qwidth-12pt\relax}{\bfseries#2}
            \nodepart{two}\usebox{\figbox}\quad{\usebox{\quebox}}
        };%
        \draw (Q.one split) -- (Q.south);
    }
}

%% |=====8><-----| %% Uses tabular

\NewDocumentEnvironment{myquestionalt}{O{}m}{%
    \setkeys{ques}{#1}
    \stepcounter{quenum}
    \begin{lrbox}{\figbox}
        \begin{minipage}[t]{\dimexpr0.5\qwidth-18pt\relax}%% to fit \qwidth
}{%
            \end{enumerate}
            \vspace{\qsep}
        \end{minipage}
    \end{lrbox}
    \noindent
    \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
        \hline
        \multicolumn{2}{|l|}{\textbf{#2}}\\\hline
        \usebox{\figbox}&\usebox{\quebox}\\\hline
    \end{tabular}
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\quess}{}{% use \item for each question in the right-hand frame
        \end{minipage}
    \end{lrbox}
    %% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/21596/resuming-a-list-started-within-a-minipage
    \begin{lrbox}{\quebox}
        \begin{minipage}[t]{\dimexpr0.5\qwidth-12pt\relax}%% to fit \qwidth
            \ifnum\thequenum=1
            \begin{enumerate}[nosep,parsep=\qsep,label=\textbf{\arabic*.},leftmargin=*,series=mylist]
            \else
                \begin{enumerate}[label=\textbf{\arabic*.},resume*=mylist,leftmargin=*]
            \fi
}

%% |=====8><-----| %%

% Use:

% \begin{myquestion}{<The title or question>}%% or: \begin{myquestionalt}{<The title or question>}
%   contents of the left side for figures, etc
%   \quess
%   Enumerate questions (use \item)
% \end{myquestion}%% or \end{myquestionalt}

% or, showing optional argument:

% \begin{myquestion}[qsep=0.25in]{<The title or question>} or
%   \begin{myquestion}[qsep=0.25in]{<The title or question>}%% 
%   contents of the left side
%   \quess
%   Enumerate questions (use \item)
% \end{myquestion}%% or \end{myquestionalt}

\begin{document}

\begin{myquestion}[qwidth=4.5in]{This is a test using Ti\emph{k}Z}%% Uses default qsep
    \centering
    A Ti\emph{k}z figure on the left

    %% https://texample.net/tikz/examples/title-graphics/
    \tikzstyle{level 1}=[sibling angle=120]
    \tikzstyle{level 2}=[sibling angle=60]
    \tikzstyle{level 3}=[sibling angle=30]
    \tikzstyle{every node}=[fill]
    \tikzstyle{edge from parent}=[snake=expanding waves,segment length=1mm,
                                  segment angle=10,draw]
    \scalebox{0.4}{%
        \begin{tikzpicture}[grow cyclic,shape=circle,very thick,level distance=13mm,cap=round]
        \node {} child [color=\A] foreach \A in {red,green,blue}
            { node {} child [color=\A!50!\B] foreach \B in {red,green,blue}
                { node {} child [color=\A!50!\B!50!\C] foreach \C in {black,gray,white}
                    { node {} }
                }
            };
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \vspace{0.1in}
    }

\quess
\item A first question that might actually be quite lengthy
\item A second question
\item A third question
\end{myquestion}

\begin{myquestion}[qsep=0.5in]{This is another test}%% 
A figure on the left

\includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{example-image-a}
\quess
\item A fourth question
\item A fifth question
\item A sixth question
\end{myquestion}

%% |=====8><-----| %%

\setcounter{quenum}{0}%% <<<Use this to start a new series of questions>>>

\begin{myquestionalt}{This is a test using a tabular}
    \centering
    A Ti\emph{k}z figure on the left

    %% https://texample.net/tikz/examples/title-graphics/
    \tikzstyle{level 1}=[sibling angle=120]
    \tikzstyle{level 2}=[sibling angle=60]
    \tikzstyle{level 3}=[sibling angle=30]
    \tikzstyle{every node}=[fill]
    \tikzstyle{edge from parent}=[snake=expanding waves,segment length=1mm,
                                  segment angle=10,draw]
    \scalebox{0.4}{%
        \begin{tikzpicture}[grow cyclic,shape=circle,very thick,level distance=13mm,cap=round]
        \node {} child [color=\A] foreach \A in {red,green,blue}
            { node {} child [color=\A!50!\B] foreach \B in {red,green,blue}
                { node {} child [color=\A!50!\B!50!\C] foreach \C in {black,gray,white}
                    { node {} }
                }
            };
        \end{tikzpicture}\par
    }
    \vspace{3pt}
\quess
\item A first question
\item A second question
\item A third question
\end{myquestionalt}

\begin{myquestionalt}[qwidth=3.75in,qsep=0.15in]{This is another test}
A figure on the left

\includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{example-image-b}
\quess
\item A fourth question
\item A fifth question
\item A sixth question
\end{myquestionalt}

\end{document}

Answer